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37-505: Postal service is provided by a main branch; electricity and telephone service are also available. Yirgalem was occupied by the Italians 1 December 1936 during their campaign against the remaining Ethiopian Army of Sidamo under Ras Desta Damtew . The town was capital of Sidamo Province until after the 1975 takeover by the Derge regime, when it was moved to Awassa . Around 1957 there

74-508: A change from their traditional pastoralist lifestyle of livestock herding. By the late 1980s, the moral authority of Barre's government had collapsed. Many Somalis had become disillusioned with life under military dictatorship. The government became increasingly totalitarian , and resistance movements , encouraged by Ethiopia, sprang up across the country, eventually leading to the Somali Civil War and Barre's ouster. Following

111-726: A draft provisional constitution, which they overwhelming approved. On 15 May 2013, an overwhelming majority of 500 delegates elected Ahmed Mohamed Islam (Madobe) as the President of Jubaland. On 28 August 2013, the autonomous Jubaland administration signed a national reconciliation agreement in Addis Ababa with the Somali federal government . Endorsed by the federal State Minister for the Presidency Farah Abdulkadir on behalf of President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ,

148-763: A resolution requesting land reform in Ethiopia - a reform which was in fact put into action a couple of years later, as a result of the Ethiopian Revolution . A large integrated agro-industrial park is being built in the town and construction began on March 14. The park is expected to create 134,000 jobs for the region. Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia published in 2005, Yirgalem has an estimated total population of 43,815 of whom 21,840 are men and 21,975 women. The 1994 national census reported this town had

185-499: A security committee consisting of representatives from both administrations, which will facilitate launching joint counterinsurgency operations, extradition, and expertise and intelligence sharing. The two administrations also proposed the creation of an interstate commission to liaise between the federal government and constituent regional states. They likewise indicated that their respective Chambers of Commerce would buttress commercial exchanges and cross-border trade. In February 2015,

222-703: A total population of 24,183 of whom 12,092 were men and 12,091 were women. Ethiopian order of battle in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War Ethiopian forces in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War besides the Central Army were mobilized from various provinces under their local leader. According to 1935 Italian intelligence estimates of the Ethiopian provinces and their forces on the eve of hostilities,

259-609: Is an airport serving Bardera , a city in Jubaland Somalia . The airport resides at an elevation of 550 feet (168 m) above mean sea level . It has one runway designated 15/33 with a compacted sand surface measuring 1,300 by 30 metres (4,265 ft × 98 ft). Garbaharey Airport ( IATA : GBM) is an airport serving Garbaharey in Jubaland. The airport has one runway which is 1,050 metres (3,445 ft) long. Lugh Ganane Airport ( IATA : LGX , ICAO : HCMJ )

296-536: Is an airport serving Luuq , Jubaland, Somalia . The airport has one runway which is 1,120 metres (3,675 ft) long. Kismayo Airport ( IATA : KMU, ICAO: HCMK), also known as Kisimayu Airport, is an airport serving Kismayo in Jubaland Somalia. The airport resides at an elevation of 49 feet (15 m) above mean sea level . It has one asphalt paved runway designated 05/23 which is 3,688 metres (12,100 ft) long. Solidarity Group of Jubbaland (SGJ),

333-708: The Italian Islands of the Aegean to Greece , but Benito Mussolini 's government rejected the quid pro quo . After the Corfu incident , British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald decided to cede Jubaland unconditionally to the Italian colonial empire . Jubaland was then incorporated into neighbouring Italian Somaliland on 30 June 1926. The boundary with Kenya was settled by the Jubaland Commission and

370-595: The Italian colony of Trans-Juba ( Oltre Giuba ) under governor (16 July 1924 – 31 December 1926) Corrado Zoli (1877–1951). Italy issued its first postage stamps for the territory on 29 July 1925, consisting of contemporary Italian stamps overprinted Oltre Giuba (Trans-Juba). Britain retained control of the southern half of the partitioned Jubaland territory, which was later called the Northern Frontier District (NFD). Britain wanted to give Jubaland to Fascist Italy in exchange for returning

407-674: The Juba Valley (Somali: Dooxada Jubba ), is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia . Jubba River , stretching from Dolow to the Indian Ocean, while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in Kenya , which was carved out of Jubaland during the colonial period . Jubaland has a total area of 110,293 km (42,584 sq mi). As of 2005, it had a total population of 953,045 inhabitants.

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444-631: The Juba Valley Alliance in 2001. On 18 June of that year, an 11-member inter-clan council decided to ally the JVA with the newly forming Transitional Federal Government . In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), an Islamist organization, assumed control of much of Jubaland and other parts of southern Somalia and promptly imposed Sharia law . The Transitional Federal Government sought to re-establish its authority, and, with

481-747: The Sultanate of Muscat (now in Oman ). The Geledi Sultanate that controlled this entire region later joined the Italian Somaliland protectorate after the Geledi ruler called Osman Ahmed signed multiple treaties with the colonial Italians. Jubaland was subsequently ceded to Italy in 1924–25, as a reward for the Italians having joined the Allies in World War I , and had a brief existence as

518-700: The Ethiopians had an army of 350,000 men. Strengths where known are noted followed by their leader. Modernized forces in Bold . Addis Ababa Army of the Left - Ras Imru Haile Selassie ( Grazmach = "General/Commander of the Left") Mahel Sefari (Army of the Center) (70,000 regulars) - Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu of Illubabor Army of the Right - Ras Kassa Haile Darge ( Qegnazmach = "General/Commander of

555-662: The Federal Government after a period of six months, and revenues and resources generated from these infrastructures will be earmarked for Jubaland's service delivery and security sectors as well as local institutional development. Additionally, the agreement includes the integration of Jubaland's military forces under the central command of the Somali National Army (SNA), and stipulates that the Juba Interim Administration will command

592-499: The Interim Juba Administration began a selection process for the members of the new regional parliament. Following consultations with local stakeholders, the lawmakers were slated to be nominated by intellectuals in conjunction with traditional elders. The legislative selection process was drawn from all of the regional state's constituent districts. On 15 April 2015, a new 75-seat chamber of Jubaland parliament

629-605: The Jubaland Boundary Commission. During the post-independence period, one particularly significant historical event was the series of internal migrations into the Jubba regions by Somalis from other parts of the country. Between 1974 and 1975, a major drought referred to as the Abaartii Dabadheer ("The Lingering Drought") affected the northern regions of Somalia. The Soviet Union , which at

666-598: The Ocean off Jubaland. The International Court of Arbitration has scheduled procedures for September 2019 concerning maritime territorial waters, which Somali sources indicate is being pre-empted by the Kenyan officials. Kenya demanded Somalia to abandon its ICJ case for bilateral discussion. Somalia sees this as delaying tactics as discussion did not produce results between 2009 and 2014. Kenya gave mining rights to France and Italian companies in 2009, however, accused Somalia of doing

703-634: The assistance of Ethiopian troops , African Union peacekeepers and air support by the United States, managed to drive out the rival ICU and solidify its rule. The Battle of Ras Kamboni took place on 8 January 2007. Afterwards, the TFG then relocated to Villa Somalia in the capital from its interim location in Baidoa . This marked the first time since the fall of the Siad Barre regime in 1991 that

740-408: The clauses of the accord were equitable allocation of international assistance by the federal authorities, agreeing on pre-civil war boundaries and regional demarcations established by the military government, and recommending that the federal authorities both delegate powers to regional bodies and adopt a No Objection Policy. Additionally, the memorandum stipulates that the two regional states will form

777-535: The deployment of Kenyan troops for what a BBC correspondent suggested was his opposition to the notion of Kenya's involvement in the Jubaland initiative. However, the Somalian and Kenyan governments later jointly issued a communique formally pledging coordinated military, political and diplomatic support for the mission, and specifying that the operation would officially be Somalia-led. The new president of Somalia , Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud and his government, declared

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814-569: The end of 2008, the group had captured Baidoa but not Mogadishu. By January 2009, Al-Shabaab and other militias had managed to force the Ethiopian troops to retreat, leaving behind an under-equipped African Union peacekeeping force to assist the Transitional Federal Government's troops. Following the Kenyan military entry into Somalia in 2011 , President of Somalia Sharif Ahmed initially expressed reservations about

851-552: The ensuing breakdown of central authority, General Mohammed Said Hersi "Morgan" , Barre's son-in-law and former Minister of Defence, briefly declared Jubaland independent on 3 September 1998. Political opponents of General Morgan subsequently united as the Allied Somali Forces (ASF), seizing control of Kismayo by June of the following year. Led by Colonel Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale , the ASF administration renamed itself

888-694: The federal government controlled most of the country. Following this defeat, the Islamic Courts Union splintered into several different factions. Some of the more radical elements, including Al-Shabaab , regrouped to continue their insurgency against the TFG and oppose the Ethiopian National Defence Force 's presence in Somalia. Throughout 2007 and 2008, Al-Shabaab scored military victories, seizing control of key towns and ports in both central and southern Somalia. At

925-756: The formation of Jubaland and its process 'unconstitutional' and urged the process to be delayed until the parliament establishes laws and territorial boundaries of proposed regional states within Federal Somalia. This was rejected by the organisers of the Jubaland conference. Talks aimed at brokering an agreement between the Marehan and Ogaden as well as many smaller clans, began after Operation Linda Nchi started in October 2011. (ICG 2013) On 28 February 2013, more than 500 delegates convened in Kismayo to attend

962-589: The largest city Kismayo , which is situated on the coast in the Indian Ocean. Bardhere , Luuq , and Beled Haawo are the region's other principal settlements. Other cities such as Jamame and Jilib are currently occupied by Al-Shabaab . During the Middle Ages, the influential Somali Ajuran Sultanate held sway over the territory, followed in turn by the Geledi Sultanate . They were later incorporated into British East Africa . In 1925, Jubaland

999-669: The opening of a conference, which would discuss and plan the proposed formation of Jubaland. A 32-strong technical committee chaired by Ma'alin Mohamed Ibrahim, the deputy of the Raskamboni movement , was established along with several sub-committees whose purpose was to oversee the process. The conference was attended by several high-profile politicians, including Professor Mohamed Abdi Mohamed (Gandhi) and former TFG Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke . On 2 April 2013, delegates at Kismayo conference were presented with

1036-548: The pact was brokered by the Foreign Ministry of Ethiopia and came after protracted bilateral talks. Under the terms of the agreement, Jubaland will be administered for a two-year period by a Juba Interim Administration and led by the region's incumbent president, Ahmed Mohamed Islam. The regional president will serve as the chairperson of a new Executive Council, to which he will appoint three deputies. Management of Kismayo's seaport and airport will also be transferred to

1073-442: The regional police. UN Special Envoy to Somalia Nicholas Kay hailed the pact as "a breakthrough that unlocks the door for a better future for Somalia," with AUC, UN, EU and IGAD representatives also present at the signing. On 16 September 2014, President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud officially opened a reconciliation conference in Kismayo. The summit was aimed at Jubaland's Lower Juba, Middle Juba and Gedo constituencies, and

1110-697: The right") Danakil region - Dejazmach Kassa Sebhat Later Reinforcements Ifrata Sefari - Ras Kebbede Welega - Ardjo Sefari - Bitwoded Makonnen Demissie Kaffa Sefari - Ras Getachew Abate To subdue Gojjam revolt Wollo Sefari - Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen Tafari Ogaden Ogaden Sefari - Grazmach Afawarq Walda Samayat Reinforcements Hararghe Sefari - Dejazmach Nasibu Emmanual - C-in-C in Ogaden after Afewerq's death Webi Shebelle front Juba Front Jubaland Jubaland ( Somali : Jubbaland ; Arabic : جوبالاند ; Italian : Oltregiuba ), or

1147-546: The same. Somalia denied the accusation. Somalia won the majority of their case off the Jubaland coast on the maritime dispute in 2020 at the ICJ (International Court of Justice). Jubaland has a total population of around 2.5 million inhabitants with the majority hailing from the Somali people. Air transportation in Jubaland is served by a number of airports . These include The Bardera Airport ( IATA : BSY , ICAO : HCMD )

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1184-536: The time maintained strategic relations with the Siad Barre government, airlifted some 90,000 people from the devastated regions of Hobyo and Caynaba . New small settlements referred to as Danwadaagaha ("Collective Settlements") were then created in the Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba) and Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba) regions. The transplanted families were also introduced to farming and fishing techniques,

1221-580: Was also appointed as the Minister for Finance. Jubaland has a total border length of approximately 1,500 km (930 miles). This total includes both land borders with neighboring regions and countries, as well as the coastline along the Indian Ocean . In February 2019, Kenyan officials have alleged that Somalia is engaged in an inappropriate auctioning of drilling rights along the African coast of

1258-501: Was attended by delegates from across the nation and abroad. On 30 December 2014, Jubaland President Ahmed Mohamed Islam (Madobe) and South West State President Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan signed a 4-point Memorandum of Understanding on federalization, security, the 2016 general elections, trade, and the constitution. The bilateral accord was signed in the presence of representatives from the two regional states, including politicians, traditional leaders and civil society activists. Among

1295-526: Was ceded to Italy, forming a part of Italian Somaliland . On 1 July 1960, the region, along with the rest of Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland , became part of the independent Somali Republic . During the Middle Ages , the influential Somali Ajuran Empire held sway over the territory now known as Ajuran, followed in turn by the Geledi Sultanate during the early modern period . From 1836 until 1861, parts of Jubaland were nominally claimed by

1332-1059: Was inaugurated at an official ceremony at the presidential palace in Kismayo . Federal lawmaker Sheikh Abdi Yusuf was therein elected as interim speaker, and 75 MPs were sworn into the new regional legislature. On 7 May 2015, an inauguration ceremony was held in Kismayo for the Jubaland administration's first regional parliament. The event was attended by President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud , Vice President of Puntland Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar , Foreign Minister of Kenya Amina Mohamed , Foreign Minister of Ethiopia Tedros Adhanom , IGAD Executive Secretary Mahboub Maalim , IGAD Envoy to Somalia Ambassador Mohamed Abdi Afey , and other international representatives. On 20 May 2015, Jubaland's newly formed regional cabinet had its first reshuffle, with Minister for Water and Mineral Resources Abdinoor Adan transferred to Minister for Information and former Minister for Finance Mohamed Aw-Yussuf filling his previous docket. Former Minister for Information Ibrahim Bajuun

1369-570: Was no telephone landline connecting Irgalem; telecommunications were provided by a radio station. The next year, the town was one of 27 places in Ethiopia ranked as First Class Township. Installation of the landline between Irgalem and Addis Ababa was completed in late 1960. By that time a branch of the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority [1] had started operation at Irgalem. The Mekane Yesus Church held its Eighth General Assembly at Irgalem in 1973. The Assembly passed

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