52-577: Yucca House National Monument is a United States National Monument located in Montezuma County, Colorado between the towns of Towaoc (headquarters of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe ) and Cortez, Colorado . Yucca House is a large, unexcavated Ancestral Puebloan archaeological site . Yucca House was established as a national monument in 1919, by President Woodrow Wilson's Proclamation No. 1549. Yucca House National Monument
104-488: A Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Fort Lewis College , the first in his family to graduate from college. After college, Tipton co-founded a pottery company called Mesa Verde Indian Pottery with his brother, based in Cortez, Colorado . The Tiptons sold the company to the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe in 2014. A lifelong Republican, he became involved in the unsuccessful Reagan presidential campaign of 1976 and
156-478: A donation of lands acquired by John D. Rockefeller Jr. , for addition to Grand Teton National Park after Congress had declined to authorize this park expansion. Roosevelt's proclamation unleashed a storm of criticism about use of the Antiquities Act to circumvent Congress. A bill abolishing Jackson Hole National Monument passed Congress but was vetoed by Roosevelt, and Congressional and court challenges to
208-837: A fifth in the Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument . On June 24, 2016, Obama designated the Stonewall Inn and surrounding areas in Greenwich Village , New York as the Stonewall National Monument , the first national monument commemorating the movement for LGBT rights in the United States . Obama's establishments included several others recognizing civil rights history, including
260-477: A major Alaska lands bill. Congress passed a revised version of the bill in 1980 incorporating most of these national monuments into national parks and preserves , but the act also curtailed further use of the proclamation authority in Alaska. Carter's 1978 proclamations included Misty Fjords and Admiralty Island National Monuments in the U.S. Forest Service and Becharof and Yukon Flats National Monuments in
312-525: A precedent for the use of the Antiquities Act to preserve large areas. Federal courts have since rejected every challenge to the president's use of Antiquities Act preservation authority, ruling that the law gives the president exclusive discretion over the determination of the size and nature of the objects protected. In 1918, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed Katmai National Monument in Alaska , comprising more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km ). Katmai
364-471: A problem with reckless spending across the board at the federal level." He has signed Grover Norquist 's Taxpayer Protection Pledge , and a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any Global Warming legislation that would raise taxes. He has also supported the Ryan Plan , having twice voted for it. In February 2017, he voted against a resolution that would have directed
416-408: A proposal offered by a SG Interests, a Texas-based energy company and its lobbying firm. Tipton's draft legislation (which he described as a "starting point") was criticized because of Tipton's receipt of $ 39,000 in campaign contributions from SG Interests over the course of his career. In January 2017, Tipton voted in favor of legislation that would make it easier to sell federal public lands. Tipton
468-481: A shocking upset, Tipton was defeated in the Republican primary by restaurant owner and gun rights activist Lauren Boebert . He received 45.2% of the vote to Boebert's 54.6%. Dick Wadhams , a Republican political consultant from Denver , says that Tipton had several hundred thousand dollars in the bank for his primary against Boebert, but he chose not to use it for TV/radio ads, mailings, or social media, ceding
520-795: A version of Jessica's Law was unsuccessful, it died in committee. For the 2009 legislative session, Tipton was named to seats on the House Agriculture, Livestock, and Natural Resources Committee and the House Local Government Committee. He unsuccessfully challenged the first term Democratic U.S. congressman, John Salazar . Tipton lost 38% to 62% to Salazar. In the Republican primary, he defeated Bob McConnell 56% to 44%. He again challenged Salazar in Colorado's 3rd congressional district . Libertarian Gregory Gilman and independent Jake Segrest were also on
572-591: Is "a victory for Coloradans and all Americans." Caucus Memberships Tipton opposes abortion. Tipton expressed support for then-candidate Donald Trump in March 2016. After the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape was released, in which Trump and Billy Bush had a lewd exchange about women, Tipton re-affirmed his support. On December 18, 2019, Tipton voted against both articles of impeachment against Trump . Tipton has said, "we have
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#1732791589764624-592: Is in no way involved with the Tipton campaign, and I'm in no way involved with the Colorado Future Fund." On February 5, 2008, he announced his candidacy for the Colorado House seat representing District 58. The announcement came shortly after the incumbent, Ray Rose, announced he would retire in 2008. He had no opposition in the Republican primary, but faced Democratic candidate Noelle Hagan in
676-531: Is located in the Montezuma Valley at the foot of Sleeping Ute Mountain , called "mountain with much yucca growing on it" by the Ute people , and inspiration for the name of the national monument. The site is one of many Ancestral Pueblo ( Anasazi ) village sites located in the Montezuma Valley occupied between AD 1100 and 1300 by 13,000 people. A 2020 summary stated that the unexcavated "pueblo village has
728-580: The César E. Chávez , Belmont–Paul Women's Equality , Freedom Riders , and Birmingham Civil Rights National Monuments . In December 2017, President Donald Trump substantially reduced the sizes of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monuments , removing protections on about 2.8 million acres of land where mining could resume. Three lawsuits challenged the legality of this action in federal court, and in October 2021, President Joe Biden reversed
780-662: The Fish and Wildlife Service , the first to be created outside of the National Park Service. The latter two became national wildlife refuges in 1980. The proclamation authority was not used again anywhere until 1996, when President Bill Clinton proclaimed the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in Utah , after many years of unsuccessful advocacy by conservationists to protect parts of
832-655: The Grand Canyon as a national monument. In response to Roosevelt's declaration of the Grand Canyon monument, a putative mining claimant sued in federal court, claiming that Roosevelt had overstepped the Antiquities Act authority by protecting an entire canyon. In 1920, the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the Grand Canyon was indeed "an object of historic or scientific interest" and could be protected by proclamation, setting
884-722: The National Park Service , United States Forest Service , United States Fish and Wildlife Service , the Bureau of Land Management , and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (in the case of marine national monuments). Historically, some national monuments were managed by the War Department . President Theodore Roosevelt used the Antiquities Act to declare Devils Tower in Wyoming as
936-618: The president of the United States or an act of Congress. National monuments protect a wide variety of natural and historic resources, including sites of geologic, marine, archaeological, and cultural importance. The Antiquities Act of 1906 gives presidents the power to proclaim national monuments by executive action. In contrast, national parks in the U.S. must be created by Congressional legislation. Some national monuments were first created by presidential action and later designated as national parks by congressional approval. The 134 national monuments are managed by several federal agencies:
988-560: The American West. The reference in the act to "objects of ... scientific interest" enabled President Theodore Roosevelt to make a natural geological feature, Devils Tower in Wyoming , the first national monument three months later. Among the next three monuments he proclaimed in 1906 was Petrified Forest in Arizona , another natural feature. In 1908, Roosevelt used the act to proclaim more than 800,000 acres (3,200 km ) of
1040-561: The Box Bar ranch owned by the local Ford dealer Joe Keesee and his partner Lucky Pickens since 2005. Though the ranch was purchased with the easement—County Road 20.5, although it is not marked as such—already in place, there have been numerous attempts to prevent the public from accessing the monument via the easement. These efforts have been documented in the local newspaper, the Cortez Journal, and have included an attempt to convince
1092-646: The House to request 10 years of Trump's tax returns, which would then have been reviewed by the House Ways and Means Committee in a closed session. Tipton rejects the scientific consensus on climate change . He argues that climate change is driven by natural climate cycles. He opposes the Paris Agreement , the international agreement which mitigates greenhouse gas emissions. He opposes federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. He has an 8% score by
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#17327915897641144-673: The Karwick expansion property. Mesa Verde - administrator of Yucca House National Monument Other neighboring Ancient Pueblo sites in Colorado Other cultures in the Four Corners region Early American cultures United States National Monument In the United States , a national monument is a protected area that can be created from any land owned or controlled by the federal government by proclamation of
1196-570: The League of Conservation Voters. In 2010, while serving in the state legislature, Tipton voted against legislation to compel Xcel Energy to convert three coal power plants to natural gas power plants. He also voted against legislation to require electricity utilities to use more renewable energy . In 2016, Tipton wrote a draft bill on oil and gas drilling in the Thompson Divide that contained large sections taken "word for word" from
1248-572: The National Monument. Canada Goose, Mallard, Eurasian Collared Dove, Killdeer, White-tailed Kite, Northern Harrier, Red-tailed Hawk, Northern Flicker, American Kestrel, Black-billed Magpie, Common Raven, European Starling, Western Bluebird, Mountain Bluebird, American Robin, House Sparrow, House Finch, White-Crowned Sparrow, Savannah Sparrow, Song's Sparrow, Lincoln's Sparrow, Western Meadowlark and Red-winged Blackbird have been observed on
1300-732: The November 2008 general election. Hagan's candidacy was endorsed by the Denver Post and the Montrose Daily Press. Tipton won the election with 59 percent of the vote. With Representatives Laura Bradford and Frank McNulty , Tipton planned on re-introducing a version of Jessica's Law to establish minimum sentences for child sex offenders , sponsoring bills to create a full-time judge position in Montrose and to simplify water rights filing. The attempt to introduce
1352-996: The Pacific Ocean, the largest in the system: the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument , the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument , the Marianas Marine National Monument , and the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument . They are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration overseeing the fisheries. President Barack Obama significantly expanded two of them and added
1404-485: The Visitor Guide for directions to the remote location. Parking space is limited and roads may be difficult immediately following rains or snowmelt. A 2017 report stated that fewer than 1,000 people visited the monument annually. A visitor in 2018 provided this summary of the experience at Yucca House after arriving without a guide: You can make out small parts of a wall here and there and see piles of stones, but
1456-595: The Yucca House pueblo dwellers abandoned their homes, but because a major excavation has not been completed it is not known when, or if there is a relationship between these people and those of nearby pueblo settlements . The site was first described by W. H. Jackson in 1874; he had been a member of the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871 . Since that time, the following archaeological studies have been conducted: President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed
1508-704: The area. This was the first national monument managed by the Bureau of Land Management . This action was unpopular in Utah, and bills were introduced to further restrict the president's authority, none of which have been enacted. Most of the 16 national monuments created by President Clinton are managed not by the National Park Service, but by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System . President George W. Bush created four marine national monuments in
1560-467: The ballot, with independents John W. Hargis, Sr. and James Fritz qualified as write-in candidates. He decided to retire from the Colorado House of Representatives to run for Congress in 2010, again challenging Salazar. In the general election, he defeated Salazar 50.1% to 45.8%. In 2012, he was challenged by Sal Pace , a Democratic state representative from Pueblo . His re-election campaign
1612-675: The bill "prohibits federal agencies from pilfering water rights through the use of permits, leases, and other land management arrangements, for which it would otherwise have to pay just compensation under the 5th Amendment of the Constitution." He has criticized the Obama administration for inaction in the Middle East: "President Obama and Secretary Clinton's inaction in the Middle East has emboldened Syria, Iran and Russia and led to
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1664-507: The changes. The restoration of the monuments has been challenged in court in an attempt to attack the Antiquities Act. President Biden's proclamations establishing and expanding monuments often incorporated consultation with Native American tribes for management and planning. Scott Tipton Scott Randall Tipton (born November 9, 1956) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Colorado's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2021. A Republican , he
1716-475: The county Board of Commissioners to abandon the public road that feeds the easement, erection of "no trespassing signs" and gates and removal of directional signs. While these complicate the access to the monument, the NPS has published two sets of directions from the intersection of Hwy. 160 and Hwy. 491. One set of directions provides specifics about opening and closing of the gate that visitors may encounter. After
1768-719: The death and displacement of millions of Syrian civilians." He is in favor of repealing the Affordable Care Act. On May 4, 2017, he voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass the American Health Care Act . He opposes same-sex marriage. Tipton has said, "I strongly oppose amnesty or any special benefits for illegal immigrants". He criticized President Obama for his executive order allowing up to five million illegal immigrants "to come out of
1820-536: The debate to Boebert, who inspired a much higher Republican turnout than in 2018. Boebert went on to win in a general election. Tipton voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 . According to Tipton, the bill fixes a "broken tax code" and "puts the needs of the American people before special interests." Tipton touts that the act "supports families, graduate students, homeowners, and small businesses," and
1872-453: The first U.S. national monument. The Antiquities Act authorized permits for legitimate archaeological investigations and penalties for taking or destroying antiquities without permission. Additionally, it authorized the president to proclaim "historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest" on federal lands as national monuments, "the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to
1924-512: The mapping project in 2000, the authors of the report provided this conclusion: Although we now have a better sense of layout and spatial relationships among the architectural features at Yucca House, we still know relatively little about the length of the Yucca House occupation, the role of public architecture in the village, and the extent of social interaction and other relationships with nearby large villages. Currently, there are no true interpretive features, facilities or fees at Yucca House. See
1976-524: The plan had been passed by the House and would move to the Senate. The bill sponsored by U.S. Rep. Scott Tipton was signed by President Trump in 2021 and the expansion is expected to be carried out. After completion of environmental assessments, in July 2024, the National Park Service accepted a deed to the Karwick property as the final step of the acquisition. Entrance to the monument is by an easement across
2028-646: The planned expansion is approved by Congress and signed into law, the additional land should resolve the controversy, with a new method of entry into the monument as well as a new parking lot and perhaps, restrooms. Senators Cory Gardner and Michael Bennet co-sponsored the bill in the Senate. Such construction would not occur soon because "a wetlands study and an assessment of the archaeological treasures underlying that land" must first be completed. Cliff Spencer, Superintendent of Mesa Verde National Park, and Alan Loy, also of Mesa Verde National Park, both have worked relentlessly to clear obstacles to expanding and improving
2080-512: The proclamation authority were mounted. In 1950, Congress finally incorporated most of the monument into Grand Teton National Park, but the act doing so barred further use of the proclamation authority in Wyoming except for areas of 5,000 acres or less. The most substantial use of the proclamation authority came in 1978, when President Jimmy Carter proclaimed 17 new national monuments in Alaska after Congress had adjourned without passing
2132-519: The ruins of 600 rooms, 100 kivas, several towers, multiple plazas, unexplained structures and one great kiva". Two unexcavated settlement areas covered in vegetation include: Nearby were the ancient pueblo village of Mud Springs at the head of McElmo Canyon and Navajo Springs, was the original site of the Ute Mountain Indian Agency south of Sleeping Ute Mountain in the early 1900s. Like other nearby Ancient Pueblo peoples ,
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2184-515: The site a National Monument on December 19, 1919, by Proclamation No. 1549, on a 9.5 acre (38,000 m2) piece of land previously donated by Henry Van Kleeck, originally known as Aztec Springs; the name of the site was changed by the Proclamation. The size of the monument was increased to 33 acres in 1996 with land donated by Hallie Ismay. Since 1990, the monument has been managed by park service staff at Mesa Verde National Park . Hallie Ismay
2236-707: The smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected." Presidents have used the Antiquities Act's proclamation authority not only to create new national monuments but to enlarge existing ones. For example, Franklin D. Roosevelt significantly enlarged Dinosaur National Monument in 1938. Lyndon B. Johnson added Ellis Island to Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965, and Jimmy Carter made major additions to Glacier Bay and Katmai National Monuments in 1978. The Antiquities Act of 1906 resulted from concerns about protecting mostly prehistoric Native American ruins and artifacts (collectively termed "antiquities") on federal lands in
2288-420: The vegetation covers the majority of the ruins and it is difficult to understand what you are seeing. A few interpretive signs would be helpful. The owners of a property abutting the National Monument, Bernard and Nancy Karwick, offered to donate 160 acres of land that would significantly expand the 33 acres of the monument. The 2015 offer was tentatively accepted but required Congressional approval. By March 2020,
2340-427: The vote. In 2016, Tipton defeated Democratic state senator Gail Schwartz and Libertarian Gaylon Kent, receiving 54.6% of the vote. In 2018, Tipton held off Democratic former state representative Diane Mitsch Bush , Independent Mary Malarsie, and Libertarian Gaylon Kent in his closest challenge since he was first elected to Congress, receiving 51.2% of the vote. In what was considered by many media outlets to be
2392-503: Was a delegate to the Republican Convention that year. He also assisted with local campaigns for Reagan in 1980 and 1984 across Montezuma County, Colorado and the 3rd Congressional district and was Republican chairman of the 3rd Congressional district for eight years. He was a board member of Mesa Verde National Park , Crow Canyon Archaeological Center , and the advisory board of Pueblo Community College . In 2011, it
2444-545: Was aided by $ 1.3 million in advertising against Pace, funded by the Grover Norquist led, Americans for Tax Reform . SG Interests, an oil and gas company from Texas, that sought to drill in the Thompson Divide area, also campaigned against Pace. On election night, Tipton defeated Pace and two third party challengers with 53.3% of the vote. In 2014, he was challenged by Democrat Abel Tapia , Libertarian Travis Mero and UNA candidate Tisha Casida. He won with 56.1% of
2496-469: Was an unofficial steward of the Yucca House site for 62 years. As of 1919, the site was one of many research national monuments designated during that era to preserve the ruins, plants and animals in the Yucca House area. As a National Park Service historic area, the park was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. After completion of
2548-643: Was criticized by conservation groups for his vote. Tipton introduced the Water Rights Protection Act into the House on September 26, 2013. The bill would prevent federal agencies from requiring certain entities to relinquish their water rights to the United States in order to use public lands . Tipton said the bill was needed because it "provides critical protection for water rights' holders from federal takings by ensuring that federal government agencies cannot extort private property rights through uneven-handed negotiations." Tipton argued that
2600-550: Was later enlarged to nearly 2,800,000 acres (11,000 km ) by subsequent Antiquities Act proclamations and for many years was the largest national park system unit. Petrified Forest , Grand Canyon , and Great Sand Dunes , among several other national parks , were also originally proclaimed as national monuments and later designated national parks by Congress. Substantial opposition did not materialize until 1943, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Jackson Hole National Monument in Wyoming . He did this to accept
2652-506: Was previously a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2009 to 2011. Tipton was first elected to the House in November 2010 when he defeated three-term Democratic incumbent John Salazar , and he was re-elected four times. In 2020 , he lost renomination to Republican primary challenger Lauren Boebert in what was considered a major upset. Tipton was born in Española, New Mexico , and raised in Cortez, Colorado . He earned
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#17327915897642704-455: Was reported that he spent over $ 7,000 on vendors that did business with his nephew's company. In 2012, he violated House rules when his office used taxpayer resources to promote a campaign event. A super PAC , funded by oil and gas driller SG Interests, is registered at the address of Tipton's campaign attorney and run by a law clerk in his office. Tipton's attorney said: "I have specifically put up Chinese walls to make sure Charlie (law clerk)
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