Over the course of the Somali Civil War , there have been many revolutionary movements and militia groups run by competing rebel leaders which have held de facto control over vast areas within Somalia.
16-699: Zobo is purple in colour from the plant Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa). It is popular in the Northern Nigeria called Zoborodo. “Zobo" is the nickname of Abdulkadir Mohamed Adan , a leader of the Somali Democratic Movement , a faction in Somali Civil War Somali Democratic Movement First Somali resistance group. Took part in a 1982 Ethiopian border offensive against Somalia. The SSDF also propped up and trained
32-857: A battle with the Suleiman tribe left 19 combatants and 21 civilians dead. Abdullahi Yusuf announced that Puntland had nominated five delegates to the SRRC. At some time during late 2001, he advised US President George W. Bush that a money transfer and telecommunications company, Al Barakaat , "had ties to terrorists and that there were terrorists in Somalia sympathetic to Osama bin Laden." He also "warned that militant Islamist Pakistani proselytizers were active in Mogadishu and other Somali cities and that they have strong links to Al-Itihad Al-Islami ." The SRRC
48-690: A sovereign nation. Its constituents included Mohamed Aidid's breakaway United Somali Congress faction, the Somali Patriotic Movement , Southern Somali National Movement, and other southern factions. His son, Hussein Aidid, assumed leadership upon his death. The SNA became the core of the SRRC in 2001. Loyalists to Siad Barre and Ahmed Ali, the remnants of his army forces founded the SNF militia after his ouster from office. Their intent and goal
64-466: The Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia saw the presence of no less than 15 separate factions, including the offshoot SNA branches of USC and SPM. It was a plethora of acronyms: SAMO, SDA, SDM, SNA, SNDU, SNF, SNU, SPM, SPM-(SNA), SSDF, SSNM-(SNA), USC-(SNA), USC, USF, USP. Aidid's four SNA-aligned factions comprised a powerful bloc. The progressive tone of the proceedings was undercut by
80-864: The ZU-23-2 . By 1991, they had taken control of Hargeysa , Berbera , Burao , and Erigavo . On May 18, 1991, they declared the Republic of Somaliland . Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess, General Aden Abdullahi Nur ('Gabyow'), General Mohammed Said Hersi "Morgan" Begun by a group of disaffected Ogadeni officers. A key accomplishment was the seizure of Balli-Dogle air base in the days prior to Barre's flight from Mogadishu. Pro-Barre faction. Fought against other liberation movements during Barre's reign. Gen, ciise maqadeye Ali Mohamed Osoble (Ali Wardhiigley) And Dr. Ismael Jimaale) (Mogadishu section founder, 1989); General Mohamed Farrah Aidid , Ali Mahdi Mohamed , Mohamed Qanyare Afrah (November 1991) On January 26, 1991,
96-611: The SNF's intent and goal was to recapture Mogadishu and reinstate Barre's regime. Isaaq tribe members had founded the movement in 1981 as emigres to London with the express purpose of overthrowing the Barre regime. They eventually moved to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and gained the support of the Ethiopian government. On January 2, 1982, operating near Berbera , the group attacked Mandera Prison to free political prisoners while simultaneously raiding Cadaadle armory. Between 1985 and 1987,
112-675: The SNM conducted many attacks on government facilities and troops based out of camps in Ethiopia. By 1988, the SNM moved out of their camps in Ethiopia and began operating in northern Somali republic, the area now known as Somaliland . They even temporarily occupied the provincial capitals of Burao and Hargeysa. They captured government Toyota Land Cruisers turned them into technicals by mounting 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm machineguns , 106 mm recoilless rifles , and BM-21 rocket launchers. They also operated various antiaircraft guns, such as
128-664: The SNM. Both SSDF and SNM leaders met in Ethiopia’s capital in September 1987 to unite and devise a plan to topple Siad Barre’s regime but they failed to agree on a common strategy. The SNF was a political revolutionary movement and armed militia in Somalia . Initially made up of loyalists to former President of Somalia Siad Barre and the remnants of the Somali National Army forces after his ouster from office,
144-694: The USC stormed the Presidential palace in Mogadishu , taking control of the capital and forcing Siad Barre into exile. In November 1991, factionalism between Gen. Aidid and Ali Mahdi Mahammad caused a split in the USC. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah was chosen to be the Chairman of USC . Dir The Isaaq and Dhulbahante -dominated northern region of Somalia declared its independence in 1991, but has not been recognized by any country or international organization as
160-482: The actual lack of progress in the regions and on the streets of Mogadishu. In time, new factions emerged as the Somali Civil War entered a new phase: disintegration into independent and autonomous states. Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council The Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council ( SRRC ) was a political movement and paramilitary organization based in southern Somalia . It
176-547: The newly forming Mogadishu-based Transitional National Government (TNG) of Somalia, the precursor of the present Transitional Federal Government (TFG), accusing it of "harboring militant Islamist sympathizers." Instead he formed the rival Somali Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) in early 2001. The SRRC was founded in April 2001, primarily to oppose the TNG. On May 12, 2001, his forces captured Mogadishu's seaport after
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#1732773001861192-629: The tribes living the jubba and shabelle river banks A political party that was active in the 1960s but was forced into dissolution during the Barre regime. It revived after his downfall. The "new" USP had no affiliation to the original group founded in the 1950s. The new group that bore their name were generally pro-Siad, but key participants in the Reconciliation Conference of the Elders at Borama in early 1993. The 1993 Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation and
208-541: Was backed by the United States and Ethiopia (see Ethiopian involvement in Somalia ) against other factions in the Somali Civil War . On Wednesday, May 15, 2002, Ethiopian soldiers attacked and temporarily captured the border town of Beledhawo with the help of the SRRC after the town had been captured by a rival militia. During the raid, the commander of the rival militia, Colonel Abdirizak Issak Bihi ,
224-666: Was captured by the Ethiopian forces and taken across the border to Ethiopia. After the raid, control of the town was turned over to the SRRC. In June 2002, faction leader Mohamed Dhere supported the SRRC and fought the TNG. The SRRC battled with the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA) in 2002, resulting in 6,000 refugees fleeing Bulo Hawa. In 2003, there were 15,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) accommodated in Kismayo. Fighting throughout southern and central Somalia resulted in 86,000 IDPs by 2004. Landmines were cited as
240-604: Was founded in Ethiopia by a loose coalition of warlords opposing the newly formed Transitional National Government (TNG). It was founded in April 2001. The SRRC publicly called on the international community to intervene in Somalia and set up a transitional government akin to Afghanistan . During 2002 the Council began fracturing. The SRRC was supported by Puntland . (b. 1946 - d. 2013) RRA (b. 19.. - d. 2012) SAMO Hussein Aidid refused to recognize
256-668: Was to recapture Mogadishu and reinstate the regime of Siad Barre, and to establish regional state in Middle Jubba , Gedo , Lower Jubba Regions. The original USF joined with the SNM in the creation of the Republic of Somaliland. The Issa clan is a Somali clan that spreads across northwest Somaliland and the nation of Djibouti. The "new" USF especially sought to represent the interests of the Djibouti-based Iise. (also called Somali Asal Muki Organization ) Some of
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