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33-514: It was founded in 1600 by Boris Godunov . At first called "Saviour the Old", the monastery gradually acquired its present quaint name which alludes to its location and means "the Saviour behind the icon shops". In the late 17th century, the monastery's learned administrators such as Symeon of Polotsk and Sylvester Medvedev had it transformed into a hotbed of enlightenment . Between 1687 and 1814, it

66-407: A bride-show for him to make a choice. The tsar had rejected Eudoxia as a bride for himself but she was later married to the tsar's son. The tsar wanted his daughter-in-law to produce an heir very quickly, and this did not happen, so the tsar banished her to a convent and found another bride for his son. This second wife was Praskovia Solova , who met quickly with the same fate as her predecessor, and

99-537: A Turkic raid upon Moscow, for which he received the title of Konyushy , an obsolete dignity even higher than that of Boyar . He supported an anti- Turkish faction in the Crimea and gave the Khan subsidies in his war against the sultan. Godunov encouraged English merchants to trade with Russia by exempting them from duties. He built towns and fortresses along the north-eastern and south-eastern borders of Russia to keep

132-566: A fit of rage, with the argument ending after the elder Ivan fatally struck his son in the head with his pointed staff. Yelena also suffered a miscarriage within hours of the incident. The event is depicted in the famous painting by Ilya Repin , Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan . Ivan's death had grave consequences for Russia, since it left no competent heir to the throne. After the tsar's death in 1584, his unprepared son Feodor I succeeded him as tsar, while Boris Godunov de facto ruled

165-638: A former school building which dates to 1822. After the October Revolution , the monastery's distinctive belltower was pulled down and the remaining buildings were given to the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives . The Russian Orthodox Church had the Zaikonospassky Monastery reopened in 1992. It has been involved in litigation with the institute's successor over ownership of these assets. In 2014,

198-634: A lengthy illness and a stroke on 13/23 April 1605. He left one son, Feodor II , who succeeded him but only ruled Russia for less than a month, until he and Boris' widow were murdered by the enemies of the Godunovs in Moscow on 10/20 June 1605. Boris's first son, Ivan, was born in 1587 and died in 1588. His daughter, Xenia , was born in 1582. She was engaged to Johann of Schleswig-Holstein , but he died shortly before their planned wedding in October 1602. Xenia

231-491: A mausoleum near the entrance of the Assumption Cathedral at Trinity–St. Sergius Lavra. Boris' life was dramatised by the founder of Russian literature, Alexander Pushkin , in his play Boris Godunov (1831), which was inspired by Shakespeare 's Henry IV . Modest Mussorgsky based his opera Boris Godunov on Pushkin's play. Sergei Prokofiev later wrote incidental music for Pushkin's drama. In 1997,

264-494: A play on Godunov's name. Ivan V Ivanovich Ivan Ivanovich ( Russian : Иван Иванович ; 28 March 1554 – 19 November 1581) was the second son of Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna . He was the tsarevich ( heir apparent ) until he suddenly died; historians generally believe that his father killed him in a fit of rage. Ivan was the second son of Ivan IV of Russia ("the Terrible") by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna . His brother

297-403: A sword against the tsar, only to be rapidly stabbed by the tsarevich. In 1566, it was suggested that the 12-year-old Ivan marry Virginia Eriksdotter , the daughter of Eric XIV of Sweden , but this did not come about. At the age of 17, Ivan was betrothed to Eudoxia Saburova , who had previously been proposed as a bride for the tsar. Indeed, she had been one of 12 women paraded before the tsar in

330-517: Is a version according to which the Godunovs were descended from the Tatar murza Chet, who came to Rus' in 1330 during the time of Ivan Kalita. This version was included in later editions of the Sovereign's Genealogist (late 16th century) and, according to historians, is unreliable due to serious chronological, genealogical and general historical problems. Godunov's career began at the court of Ivan

363-665: The Baltic Sea and he also attempted to obtain Livonia by diplomatic means. He cultivated friendly relations with the Scandinavians and hoped to take a bride from a foreign royal house, thereby increasing the dignity of his own dynasty. However he declined the personal union proposed to him in 1600 by the diplomatic mission led by Lew Sapieha from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Boris died after

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396-569: The Tatar and Finnic tribes in order. These included Samara , Saratov , Voronezh , and Tsaritsyn , as well as other lesser towns. He colonized Siberia with scores of new settlements, including Tobolsk . During his rule, the Russian Orthodox Church received its patriarchate , placing it on an equal footing with the ancient Eastern churches and freeing it from the influence of the Patriarch of Constantinople . This pleased

429-457: The Terrible . He is mentioned in 1570 for taking part in the Serpeisk campaign as an archer of the guard. The following year he became an oprichnik – a member of Ivan's personal guard and secret police. In 1570/1571, Godunov strengthened his position at court by his marriage to Maria Grigorievna Skuratova-Belskaya , the daughter of Malyuta Skuratov-Belskiy , head of the oprichniks. In 1580,

462-520: The Tsar chose Boris Godunov's sister Irina Godunova (1557–1603) to be the wife of his second son and eventual heir, Feodor Ivanovich (1557–1598). On this occasion, Godunov was promoted to the rank of boyar . On 15 November 1581, Godunov was present when the Tsar murdered his own eldest son, the crown prince Ivan . Godunov tried to intervene but received blows from the Tsar's sceptre. The elder Ivan immediately repented, and Godunov rushed to get help for

495-458: The Tsar from Godunov's childless sister. The attempt proved unsuccessful, and the conspirators were banished or sent to monasteries. After that, Godunov remained supreme in Russia and he corresponded with foreign princes as their equal. His policy was generally pacific and always prudent. In 1595, he recovered from Sweden some towns lost during the former reign. Five years previously he had defeated

528-521: The Tsar, as Feodor took a great interest in church affairs. In Godunov's most important domestic reform, a 1597 decree forbade peasants from transferring land from one landowner to another (which they had been freely able to do each year around Saint George's Day in November), thus binding them to the soil. This ordinance aimed to secure revenue, but it led to the institution of serfdom in its most oppressive form. (See also Serfdom in Russia .) Upon

561-476: The Tsarevich, who died four days later. Three years later, on his deathbed, Ivan IV appointed a council whose members consisted of Godunov, Feodor Nikitich Romanov , Vasili Shuiski and others to guide his son and successor of Russia Feodor I , who was feeble in both mind and body: "he took refuge from the dangers of the palace in devotion to religion; and though his people called him a saint, they recognized

594-516: The age of ten under suspicious circumstances. When Dmitri's death was announced by the ringing of the church bell, the population of Uglich rose up in order to protest against the suspected assassination, which it believed was commissioned by Boris Godunov. Troops swiftly quelled the rebellion. Godunov ordered the removal of the Uglich bell's clapper (the bell's "tongue"). He had the offending bell ringer flogged in public and exiled to Siberia along with

627-430: The belltower was rebuilt to the same design. 55°45′23″N 37°37′14″E  /  55.75639°N 37.62056°E  / 55.75639; 37.62056 Boris Godunov Boris Feodorovich Godunov ( / ˈ ɡ ɒ d ən ɒ f , ˈ ɡ ʊ d ən ɒ f / ; Russian: Борис Фёдорович Годунов ; 12 August [ O.S. 2 August] 1552  – 23 April [ O.S. 13 April] 1605)

660-412: The death of the childless Feodor on 7 January 1598, as well as the rumored assassination of Feodor's much younger brother Dimitry , supposedly ordered by Boris himself in order to guarantee his seat on the throne, self-preservation as much as ambition led to Boris' rise to power. Had he not done so, the mildest treatment he could have hoped for would have been lifelong seclusion in a monastery. His election

693-585: The fact that he lacked the iron to govern men." At the time of his death, Ivan also had a three-year-old son, Dmitry Ivanovich (1581–1591), from his seventh and last marriage. This son (and his mother's family) had no claim to the throne because the Eastern Orthodox Church only recognized Ivan's first three marriages as legitimate. Shortly after Ivan's death, the council had both Dmitri and his mother, Maria Nagaya , moved to Uglich , some 120 miles north of Moscow. Dmitri died there in 1591 at

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726-413: The first two plays in the first series of Tsar . The plays were broadcast on 11 and 18 September 2016. The 2018 Russian television miniseries Godunov (TV series) is a historical drama based on the lives of the Godunovs with a focus on Boris Godunov (played by Sergey Bezrukov ) and lasted for two seasons. The character Boris Badenov in the cartoon The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show takes his name from

759-477: The later stages of the Livonian War . Angry with his father for his military failures, Ivan demanded to be given command of some troops to liberate besieged Pskov . On 19 November 1581, the elder Ivan chastised the tsarevich's wife Yelena Sheremeteva for being unsuitably dressed, considering her advanced pregnancy, leading to an altercation between the two Ivans. Ivan Ivanovich was killed by his father in

792-524: The need for Russia to catch up with the intellectual progress of the West and he did his best to bring about educational and social reforms. He was the first tsar to import foreign teachers on a large scale, the first tsar to send young Russians to be educated abroad, and the first tsar to allow Lutheran churches to be built in Russia. After the Russo–Swedish War (1590–1595) , he attempted to gain access to

825-700: The score of a 1710 baroque opera based on the reign of Boris by German composer Johann Mattheson was rediscovered in Armenia and returned to Hamburg, Germany. This opera, never performed during the composer's lifetime, had its world premiere in 2005 at the Boston Early Music Festival & Exhibition. Boris was portrayed on BBC Radio 4 by Shaun Dooley in the radio plays Ivan the Terrible: Absolute Power and Boris Godunov: Ghosts written by Mike Walker and which were

858-414: The townspeople who had not been executed. An official commission which was headed by Vasili Shuiski was sent to determine the cause of the boy's death. The official verdict was that the boy had cut his throat during an epileptic seizure. Ivan's widow claimed that her son had been murdered by Godunov's agents. Godunov's guilt was never established and shortly thereafter, Dmitri's mother was forced to take

891-515: The veil. Dmitry Ivanovich was laid to rest and promptly, though temporarily, forgotten. At the coronation of Feodor Ivanovich as Tsar Feodor I on 31 May 1584, Boris received honors and riches as a member of the regency council , in which he held the second place during the life of the Tsar's uncle Nikita Romanovich . When Nikita died in 1586, Boris had no serious rival for the regency. A group of other boyars and Dionysius II, Metropolitan of Moscow , conspired to break Boris's power by divorcing

924-567: Was Feodor , who would eventually succeed his father as tsar. The young Ivan accompanied his father during the Massacre of Novgorod at the age of 15. For five weeks, he and his father would watch the oprichniki with enthusiasm and retire to church for prayer. At the age of 27, Ivan was at least as well read as his father, and in his free time, wrote a biography on Antony of Siya . Ivan is reputed to have once saved his father from an assassination attempt. A Livonian prisoner named Bykovski raised

957-461: Was also put away into a convent. A third wife was found for the young Ivan, Yelena Sheremeteva , who was found to be pregnant in October 1581. That child was presumably miscarried around the time when Ivan died. Ivan Ivanovich is generally believed to have been killed by his father, Ivan the Terrible ; though there is no direct evidence from primary sources. Some sources claim Ivan Ivanovich's relationship with his father began to deteriorate during

990-669: Was given the name "Olga" upon being forced to take monastic vows at the Voskresensky Monastery in Beloozero and her name is inscribed as "the Nun Olga Borisovna" at the crypt of the Godunovs at the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius where she lived from 1606, when she sojourned there to attend the reburial of her father, until her death in 1622. Boris, his wife, and their children are buried together in

1023-736: Was home to the Slavic Greek Latin Academy , Russia's first secondary education establishment. There is a memorial plaque in honor of its most famous student, Mikhail Lomonosov . After Lomonosov founded the Moscow University in 1755, the academy declined in importance. The surviving buildings include the Baroque katholikon of the Holy Mandylion (originally constructed in 1660-1661; rebuilt in 1717–1720 and 1742), several 17th-century chambers as well as

Monastery of the Holy Mandylion, Moscow - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-516: Was proposed by Patriarch Job of Moscow , who believed that Boris was the only man who was able to cope with the difficulties of the situation. Boris, however, would only accept the throne from the Zemsky Sobor (national assembly), which met on 17 February and unanimously elected him on 21 February. On 1 September, he was solemnly crowned tsar . During the first years of his reign, he was both popular and prosperous, and ruled well. He recognized

1089-580: Was the de facto regent of Russia from 1585 to 1598 and then tsar from 1598 to 1605 following the death of Feodor I , the last of the Rurik dynasty . After the end of his reign, Russia descended into the Time of Troubles . Boris was the son of Feodor Ivanovich Godunov "Krivoy" ("the one-eyed") (died c. 1568–1570) and his wife Stepanida Ivanovna. His older brother Vasily died young and without issue. The 1552 Kazan Campaign occurred over summer and autumn. There

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