The Zarumilla River is a river in South America that marks the border between Peru and Ecuador . It is named after the Peruvian town of Zarumilla .
16-584: It is part of the Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes mangroves Sanctuary and its currents, sediments, and tides strongly influence the geomorphology of the area. It empties into the Gulf of Guayaquil . The largest towns on its banks are Huaquillas , in the Ecuadorian province of El Oro , and Aguas Verdes in the Tumbes Region of Peru; both towns are connected by an international bridge. The water flows through
32-422: A canal as the river passes these populated areas. Pollution is a problem in this part of the river, as people from both countries discharge their waste into the canal. In 1998, during El Niño , the river changed its course, moving 1 square kilometre of land into its eastern margin. Ecuadorians took advantage of this situation, saying that the river is the natural border marker and therefore gives them rights in
48-414: Is a massive 84–95 cm (33–37.5 in) long, 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) bird, with a small chicken-like bill. The upperparts, head, and breast are black, with white speckles on the crown, throat and wing coverts. There is a long spiny structure projecting forward from the crown. This structure is unique among birds and is not derived from a feather but is a cornified structure that is loosely attached to
64-453: Is found in lowlands from Colombia , Venezuela , Brazil , Bolivia , Peru , Ecuador , French Guiana , Suriname , and Guyana . It has been possibly extirpated from Trinidad . Despite having declined locally, it remains widespread and is fairly common overall. Its range in Brazil appears to have expanded in recent years. Screamers, like most birds, tend to group together, but are for
80-724: Is now the only species placed in the genus Anhima that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The specific epithet cornuta is the Latin word for "horned". The German naturalist Georg Marcgrave had used the Latin name Anhima in 1648 for the horned screamer in his Historia naturalis Brasiliae . The name was from the word for the bird in the Tupi language of South America. The horned screamer
96-507: Is part of the Panama Bight Mangroves , a Global ecoregion, which contains the Gulf of Panama mangroves , Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves , Manabí mangroves and Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves. The ecoregion contains plant formations of mangrove ( Rhizophora spp.) forest that are adapted to permanently flooded conditions and the resulting environments, which offer little available oxygen. The Tumbes River
112-676: Is the southern limit for some mangrove species. There 13 mammal and reptile species, including the American crocodile ( Crocodylus acutus ) at its southern limit. There are more than 40 species of birds including the Neotropic cormorant ( Phalacrocorax brasilianus ), white-necked heron ( Ardea pacifica ), great egret ( Ardea alba ), American white ibis ( Eudocimus albus ), roseate spoonbill ( Platalea ajaja ), osprey ( Pandion haliaetus ), white-winged guan ( Penelope albipennis ) and horned screamer ( Anhima cornuta ). Large parts of
128-530: The Gulf of Guayaquil in South America , in northern Peru and southern Ecuador . It has an area of 3,300 km (1300 sq mi). The mangroves are found between Ecuador and Peru where many rivers empty into the Pacific and the Gulf of Guayaquil . They fringe the Gulf of Guayaquil and the northwestern Pacific Coast of Peru near Tumbes. They cover an area of 1,300 square miles (3,400 km ). Inland
144-522: The Manglares de Tumbes National Sanctuary . Horned screamer Palamedea cornuta Linnaeus, 1766 The horned screamer ( Anhima cornuta ) is a species of bird that belongs to a relatively small family, the Anhimidae, which occurs in wetlands of tropical South America . There are three screamer species, the other two being the southern screamer and the northern screamer in
160-617: The affected area. The Peruvians argued that the area is sovereign Peruvian soil. This article related to a river in Ecuador is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Tumbes Region geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Peru is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gulf of Guayaquil-Tumbes mangroves The Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves (NT1413) are an ecoregion located in
176-473: The genus Chauna . They are related to the ducks , geese and swans , which are in the family Anatidae , but have bills looking more like those of game birds . Already known in the 17th century, the horned screamer was described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae . He introduced the binomial name Palamedea cornuta . The horned screamer
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#1732757823600192-456: The mangrove ecoregion, particularly near the cities of Machala and Santa Rosa in the province of El Oro , many shrimp farm ponds have been dug out for export of shrimp to the U.S. , Europe and other regions. Shrimp are one of Ecuador's main exports together with crude oil and derivatives, bananas and ornamental flowers . On the Peruvian side some of the mangroves are protected by
208-541: The mangroves have been destroyed to make way for aquaculture, rice farms, housing and industry. Other threats come from mercury pollution from gold and silver mining upstream in the Puyango-Tumbes watershed, urban pollution and dams. In Ecuador about 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) of mangroves were lost in the 1980s and early 1990s due to unsustainable shrimp pond development. Since then the mangroves have been slowly recovering, and seem stable. On Ecuador's side of
224-532: The mangroves transition into areas of Ecuadorian dry forests , Western Ecuador moist forests and in the south the Tumbes–Piura dry forests , which extend into Peru. The Gulf of Guayaquil is the largest estuary ecosystem on South America's Pacific coast. The flat land and high tides result in salt water moving far up the gulf. Average annual rainfall is 600 millimetres (24 in), but in some years may be as much as 3,800 millimetres (150 in). The ecoregion
240-477: The most part semi-social. The existence of the screamer is rather sedentary. It lives in well-vegetated marshes and feeds on water plants. Its nest is a large pile of floating vegetation anchored in shallow water. Three olive-brown eggs are laid, and the young, like those of most Anseriformes , can run as soon as they are hatched. The horned screamer is the official bird of both the Department of Arauca and
256-478: The skull and grows continuously while often breaking at its tip. This gives this species its name. It has very long and lanky legs and three large toes in each. The belly and under wing coverts are white. It has two sharp spurs on its wings and feet which are only partially webbed. The horned screamer's call, as the name suggests, is a very loud and repetitive echoing sound. It is called "el clon-clon" in Ecuador because of this peculiar feature. The horned screamer
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