Zeleni Venac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Зелени венац ) or colloquially Zelenjak ( Serbian Cyrillic : Зелењак ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , the capital of Serbia . It is located in the Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (major part) and Stari Grad .
130-690: Zeleni Venac is located in downtown Belgrade, just few minutes away to the east of Terazije , the designated center of the city, down the Prizrenska or Sremska streets. It borders the neighborhood of Savamala to the south, while the northern border is Brankova Street which separates it from the neighborhoods of Kosančićev Venac and Varoš Kapija in the municipality of Stari Grad. The car tunnel ( Terazije Tunnel ) under Terazije connects it to Republic Square while underground pedestrian passage connects it to Terazije and Prince Michael Street via Prizrenska and Sremska streets, respectively. Park Luka Ćelović
260-417: A Modernist building was constructed in the mid-1930s. It was designed by Đorđe Đorđević in pure style, with the typical geometry of Modernism represented by the step-like risalit . Modern Hotel Balkan was built in 1935, Igumanov's Palace [ sr ] in 1938, while Palace Albania was finished in 1939. In order to "effectively intimidate the population" and discourage the people from fighting
390-482: A Square of Marx and Engels (present Square of Nikola Pašić) in the 1950s to the north. Terazije became a "lifeless" ground for the parade and, in the future, for the automobile traffic. An 8-storey building, later known as the Hempro Building, was constructed by Aleksej Brkić at No. 8 in 1951 and finished in 1956. The black and white façade covering is made of marble, glass and metal, with geometric shapes. It
520-527: A bat species of Kuhl's pipistrelle inhabits Zeleni Venac. The species was previously unknown in Serbia. By the 2010s, it became the dominant bat species in all major urban areas in the country. The major feature by which Zeleni Venac is known today is the open market of the same name (Serbian: Пијаца Зелени венац, Pijaca Zeleni venac ), one of largest in Belgrade. Also one of the major terminal stations of
650-545: A drink store and built a two-storey house after the pond was drained. He sold his house to the state which turned it into the Belgrade District Court, while the drink store was made a jail. The participants of the unsuccessful Katan Rebellion in 1844 were imprisoned here. The area later became a gathering place of the revolutionaries and socialists, as the beginning of the Abadžijska čaršija ( Tailors bazaar )
780-429: A ghost town. Then a group of young designers moved into the empty shops and began selling their homemade crafts, forming a Belgrade Design District with over 100 shops. In 2018 city administration stepped in with plans of creating a full artistic quart in the future. The deadline is set for 2020. The shopping mall was built without proper permits as the city urban plans envisioned public garage on that location, so there
910-541: A high-level. The towers were 3 to 10 m (9.8 to 32.8 ft) tall and had a cistern at the summit from which the water flowed into distribution pipes. The Ottoman đeriza followed the route of the ancient aqueduct from the period of Singidunum , the Roman predecessor of Belgrade. The top of the Terazije Ridge is rich in water springs. Water used to run down the slope, where the modern Prizrenska Street is, into
1040-480: A large Terazije fountain was built in 1927. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Terazije was the centre of social life of Belgrade. In 1913, Davidović's city administration decided to change the name of the square into the Prestolonaslednikov trg ("Heir's apparent square"), referring to prince Alexander, future king Alexander I of Yugoslavia . Another decision was to build
1170-716: A large number of people got stranded on the bank in Savamala, trying to flee across the Sava into Austria. Men were massacred, while women and children were enslaved. People were impaled on stakes along city's main roads so a rows of impaled people were placed from the Stambol Gate to Terazije, and nearby, along the Tsarigrad Road, from the Batal mosque to Tašmajdan . Terazije started to take shape as an urban feature in
1300-514: A neglected, empty passage. New possible reconstruction was announced in April 2017, followed by a series of postponing: for October 2017, January, March and May 2018. The project included new paving of the area and reintroduction of the greenery. Nothing has been done, though, and in May 2019 part of the concrete ceiling collapsed so the city again promised to renovate the passage, sometime in 2019. After
1430-460: A platform for the large public transportation terminus was opened on 28 November 1967. Author of the entire project, which regulated one of the busiest crossroads in the city at time with 100,000 vehicles daily, was Olga Divac. The passage is 5 m (16 ft) wide and layered with marble. The exits in the directions of the Prizrenska , Carice Milice and Sremska streets are steps, while it
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#17327797419391560-446: A popular hunting attraction (for fowls, ducks, etc.) for the inhabitants of Belgrade. The pond was filled from the streams flowing down from Terazije (from the springs below modern Hotel Moskva via a modern Prizrenska Street) and Varoš Kapija (via Gospodska, modern Brankova Street). A canal was dug in the 1830s which drained the pond in the direction of Bara Venecija . Only then the area began to properly urbanize. Apart from hunting,
1690-425: A rim of the river (Savski Venac, Dunavski Venac ). However, in this case, it is used in the word's initial usage, meaning wreath. One of the first houses built in the neighborhood was a two-storey house at 1 Gospodska Street. It was rented by Sophia Hermann from Saxony , young widow of a hatmaker. The couple migrated to Belgrade in 1838, but after her husband's death, she decided to quit the hat making business, rented
1820-424: A tree-like structure. Using decorative lights and natural winds, as the building is without windows, it mimics the real, green tree. It is named Biotop. All these plans were pushed aside when it was announced in April 2021 that Stattwerk sold the building to Astoria Properties. They claimed the reconstruction will start in the summer of 2021 and that building will be ready for tenants in the spring of 2022. Apart from
1950-541: A typical inn for the travelers from the interior. At the corner of the Skopljanska (today Nušićeva) Street and Terazije, there was the "Zunane" glass shop. It was later purchased by Tomaš Rosulek who turned it into the delicatessen. One of the former Robne kuće Beograd department stores occupies the lot today. Down from the Rosulek store was a well known "Pantelić" pastry shop, famous for its confectionery . There
2080-479: A while in 1918, and until 1920 the National Theatre held performances here, too. In 1860 the kafana "Kod Albanije" ("Chez Albania"), was opened. A small, crummy house, built in the oriental, Turkish style, with yellow façade, it was very popular. The clock in front of it was the first public clock in Belgrade, so it became the most popular meeting point in the city. It was demolished to make way for
2210-404: Is a McDonald's restaurant today. Belgrade historians still debate whether the neighborhood was named after the kafana or the opposite. Another well-known kafana in the neighborhood was the "Amerika". It was notorious for the oriental music, belly dancers and prostitution. The government decided in 1850 to build the National Theatre here. The Theatre Board insisted on this location as it was on
2340-539: Is a memorial plaque, commemorating Vojislav Stojković Keka and his sister Vera, originally from Golemo Selo near Vranje , who donated the fountain to the Belgraders. A thorough reconstruction of the market, which was supposed to give back the market its original looks, began in June 2005 and was completed in 2007. As the entire Terazije slope, including Zeleni Venac, is very active mass wasting area, it caused much of
2470-471: Is a shopping area in an indoor passage that connects Terazije and the Square of Nikola Pašić. Originally, it was a location of Hotel "Pariz", which was built in 1870 and demolished in 1948 during the reconstruction of Terazije. Passage has been protected by the state as a "cultural property", though still under the "preliminary protection", and was nicknamed by the architects as the "belly button of Belgrade". It
2600-582: Is completely disavowed in our time by the gigantic structures in Belgrade Waterfront , erected right between the terrace and the Sava". Zeleni Venac, historically part of Savamala, is organized as a local community ( mesna zajednica ), a sub-municipal unit within the Savski Venac. According to the 2011 census of population, the neighborhood had 2,713 inhabitants. It was recorded in 1994 that
2730-904: Is on the same level as the terminus. Total area of both objects is 5,288 m (56,920 sq ft). Number of lines increased, to numerous outer neighborhoods. The trolleybuses were all replaced by the buses, and new, ever-changing lines included No. 16-B ( Dr Ivan Ribar , New Belgrade), No. 16-E ( Blokovi#Block 45 ), No. 16-G ( Block 70 , New Belgrade), No. 36 ( Ledine , New Belgrade), No. 36-B ( Studentski Grad , New Belgrade), No. 36-V ( Heating plant , New Belgrade), No. 52, No. 53, No 56, No. 56-L, No. 60 (New Belgrade), No. 67 (New Belgrade), No. 68 (New Belgrade), No. 71 (Ledine), No. 84, lines for Bežanijska Kosa and Belgrade Airport express lines for Batajnica and Zemun Polje . In few decades, Zeleni Venac became synonymous with hectic public transportation in Belgrade, and constant traffic congestions. As there wasn't enough place, starting bus stops were moved on
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#17327797419392860-559: Is on the southeast border of the neighborhood. Northern part of modern neighborhood was a Roman necropolis from the 3rd century, the southwestern necropolis of Singidunum , predecessor of modern Belgrade. The remains of the ancient graveyard were discovered during the construction works in the 1930s when the Brankova Street was extended to the Sava river, to make a connection to the King Alexander Bridge , which
2990-421: Is part of the wider protected Spatial Cultural-Historical Unit of Stari Grad. Since the 1950s, the covered square was a quiet corner in sole downtown, with mini gardens and coffee shops and a popular destination of many Belgraders, but in the recent decades mainly lost that function. In 1959 a round plateau with the fountain and a bronze sculpture, called "Girl with the seashell", sculptured by Aleksandar Zarin ,
3120-443: Is set for July 2024. Terazije Terazije ( Serbian Cyrillic : Теразијe ) is the central town square and the surrounding neighborhood of Belgrade , Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Stari Grad . Today, Terazije has primarily function of the main transit square, surrounded by the important public buildings, cultural institutions, hotels, public monuments and parks. Though not classically shaped square, Terazije
3250-740: The Belgrade City Hall , while Novi Dvor hosts the Presidency of Serbia . Under the mayor Ljubomir Davidović , the Technical Administration of Belgrade Municipality organized architectural design competition for complete rearrangement of Terazije in March 1911. Stipulations included removal of the fountain. In the summer of 1911, the plan was developed, headed by the special commission constituted specifically for this purpose and headed by architect Édouard Léger. Most of
3380-471: The Hôtel Palace . However, only the deceased who had descendants, especially if they could pay for it, were relocated. The poor and those without offspring were left on the old location. Works on the relocation were fully stopped in 1835. The name of the neighborhood means the green wreath . Venac is usually used in Belgrade's geography in term of a round street (Obilićev Venac, Kosančićev Venac) or
3510-645: The Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . On the other side of the square was a Renaissance-style administrative building that hosted the offices of the Terazije Quarter. At the corner, there was the "Todorović" delicatessen , later replaced with the Igumanov's Palace [ sr ] . One of the oldest kafanas in Belgrade, "Šiškova Kafana", was also on this side of Terazije. Gathering place of
3640-508: The Liberas , the one-storey building had a garden, offered newspapers and was known for political debates. It was later demolished and replaced with cinema "Beograd". Close to it was a string of other kafanas : "Takovo", considered quite a distinguished venue, "Pariz" and "Uroševa Pivnica". The "Pariz" was a gathering place for the People's Radical Party members, while the "Uroševa Pivnica" was
3770-756: The Nikola Pašić Square to the King Alexander Boulevard , the longest street in Belgrade, by Prizrenska street to the neighborhood of Zeleni Venac and further to New Belgrade , and by the Kolarčeva street to the Square of the Republic . The neighborhood also borders Andrićev Venac and Pioneers Park on the southeast, Park Aleksandrov on the south and neighborhood of Varoš Kapija on the west. A small, covered square of Bezistan connects it to
3900-535: The Palace Albanija , which was finished in 1939. Starting in 1859, Atanasije Nikolić , educator and agriculturist, planted a number of chestnut trees on Terazije, in the process of making Belgrade greener, where Nikolić, as an engineer and an urbanist, was also charged with arranging the Košutnjak and Topčider parks, and avenues along Terazije and Topčider Road , and other streets. He grew seedlings in
4030-678: The Sava-Danube tunnel . Construction of this tunnel was tentatively scheduled for 2023, when the first phase of the terrace should also start. Phase two should be finished in 2025. Over a century old idea of making the terrace into the scenic viewpoint, from downtown Terazije, over Zeleni Venac, to the Sava, and across it further in the Syrmia , was discarded by architect and member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Milan Lojanica [ sr ] , who stated that "(this idea)
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4160-465: The internment camp at Neusiedl am See . The neighborhood was damaged during the World War I, especially during the heavy Austro-Hungarian bombardment in 1914–1915, prior to occupation. Terazije was described as desolate, empty and destroyed by the grenades. The ground cracked, underground canals collapsed, and the surrounding buildings were demolished. Serbian army had no proper ammunition to fight
4290-474: The "Balkan", which adjoined the fountain. It included house and the "Velika Srbija" inn. The "Velika Srbija" was known for good food and wine, and was demolished and replaced by the Hotel Moskva by 30 January 1908. Around it, there were several small shops and grocery stores. Further away was the "Viktorović" pharmacy, with distinction of being demolished in the bombings in both World Wars. Close to it were
4420-478: The 1920s, were illegally selling goods of the ox carts on and around Terazije. It was one of the reasons for city administration to build a large Zeleni Venac farmers market , on Zeleni Venac, below Terazije. Also despite being the sole center of the city, some areas evaded urbanization until the late 1930s, like the Kuzmanović Yard. This was period of building various highrise buildings ("palaces"). At No. 10,
4550-519: The 2005-2006 reconstruction of Zeleni Venac. In the early 20th century the pond was drained completely but the remnant of the pond is the large underground water spring under the green market. Between the Brankova and Jug Bogdanova streets there was an old farmers' market , while in the south part of the neighborhood, at the corner of the Lomina and Kamenička streets there was a drinking fountain. Named
4680-462: The 3.5 m (11 ft) tall sculptural composition is being recreated by the sculptor Zoran Kuzmanović. Some 60% of the original Dolinar's sculpture survived and Kuzmanović used it for reconstruction. Originally placed on the roof in January 1939 and demolished in 1950, the restored sculpture was returned to its place on 22 April 2021. Pedestrian underground passage, with commercial facilities,
4810-604: The Austrian gunboats , so they freely fired at the city from the Sava river. Resident Slavka Mihajlović wrote: "Terazije were completely dug up by the projectiles. Covered in mounds of cobblestone and concrete. Chestnut trees were laying on the ground, uprooted by the shelling. Not a living soul anywhere, like the town has died". Austro-Hungarian army temporarily entered Belgrade, from 3 to 14 December 1914. Already on 4 December they erected gallows on Terazije for hanging civilians. Despite complete urbanization, local farmers, up to
4940-541: The Belgrade Fortress, and allowed the charge which liberated the wider area surrounding the Belgrade Main railway station , so just one day later the entire Belgrade was liberated. Modern appearance of Terazije is mostly set after 1947. City's main urbanist, Nikola Dobrović , in order to adapt the square for the May 1st military parade, demolished almost everything on the ground level, including all of
5070-624: The Belgrade Fortress, while the short-lived fountain was ultimately built. Načić designed the triumphal arch which was placed in Terazije in order to celebrate Serbian soldiers from the Balkan Wars 1912–1913. She placed an inscription "Not all Serbs are liberated" on the arch, pointing to the position of the Serbs in Austria-Hungary . During the occupation in World War I, Austro-Hungarian authorities arrested Načić and expelled her to
5200-524: The Gypsy Fountain ( Ciganska česma ), it was a one-pipe fountain producing 259 gr (16.8 g) of water per second. Area of the modern market was arranged as a square by the 1876 city urban plan, but was later transformed into a park. The main landmark of the neighborhood, the Zeleni Venac green market, was open on this location in 1926. Merchant Maksim Ranković from Ostružnica founded
5330-522: The Late Roman coins were discovered. They originated from the 5th century. Some remains were discovered during the 2018 construction of the hotel at 20 Jug Bogdanova Street. Zeleni Venac is built in the area that was previously part of the trench which surrounded the Kalemegdan fortress in the 18th century. When the trench was covered, a pond was formed. As Belgrade grew around it, the pond became
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5460-585: The Nikola Pašić Square. With regard to the origin of the name Terazije, the historian and writer Milan Đ. Milićević wrote: "In order to supply Belgrade with water, the Turks built towers at intervals along the đeriza or an aqueduct , a water supply system which brought water in from the springs at Veliki Mokri Lug . The water was piped up into the towers for the purpose of increasing the pressure, in order to carry it further. Those towers were: one, where
5590-701: The Serbian Medical Society House, was finished in the early 1932 at the corner of the Kraljice Natalije and Prizrenska streets. After the farmers market was opened in 1926, Zeleni Venac became a terminus for the omnibuses to the interior ( Lazarevac , Valjevo , Banja Koviljača , Zvornik , etc.). After the construction of the King Alexander Bridge in 1934, which directly conducted traffic to Zeleni Venac, number of coach lines increased, while public transportation
5720-579: The Terazije Fountain is today (roughly at the small square between the [hotels] Balkan and Moskva; second was where the Ruski car Tavern is; and the third was where kafana Grčka Kraljica is now. The tallest of the three was the one at Terazije. That tower, beside its height, also stood on the spacious clearance, away from the surrounding houses and was taller than any of the neighboring buildings. All those towers were called "water terazije " by
5850-604: The Terazije Tunnel will be dug beneath it. Deemed "impressive" for its period and a "bald step towards the international architecture", it refreshed the grey urbanity of the socialist city and paved way for the future modernist buildings of the 1950s, like the Hotel Metropol . In 1950, the sculptural group by Lojze Dolinar , which represented merchant Sima Igumanov , his prematurely died son and youth from South Serbia, popularly known as Sima Igumanov and orphans,
5980-459: The Terazije protected area are somewhat reduced: Čumićeva, Nušićeva, Dečanska, Nikola Pašić Square, Kneza Miloša , Andrićev Venac, Dobrinjska, Kraljice Natalije, Sremska. Both definitions excluded the most prominent Terazije feature, Palace Albanija. As the central and one of the most famous squares in Belgrade, it is the location of many famous Belgrade buildings. The most important hotels, restaurants and shops are or were located here. Bezistan
6110-565: The Turks. Because of that, the entire neighborhood of the new section of Belgrade, especially the one between the Stari Dvor and close to the Stambol Gate , is today called Terazije". For the word itself, it literally means "[water] scales", more commonly known as "water balances" or su terazisi . But the tower-like structures were more than just scales - they were maintaining water pressure when conveying water to neighbourhoods at
6240-462: The World War II, when Belgrade was administratively reorganized from districts ( raions ) into the municipalities in 1952, Terazije had its own municipality with the population of 17,858 in 1953. However, already on 1 January 1957 the municipality was dissolved and divided between the municipalities of Vračar and Stari Grad. Population of the modern local community ( mesna zajednica ) of Terazije
6370-469: The Zeleni Venac area. Zeleni Venac is built in the area that was previously part of the trench which surrounded the Belgrade Fortress in the 18th century. When the trench was covered, a pond was formed, partially filled by the stream from Terazije. Today's central city square turned into the bog filled in sludge and covered with overgrowth. Local population visited the pond hunting for ducks. It
6500-581: The area became known as the Kuzmanović Alley, or Kuzmanović Yard. Initially, quite a successful business area, by the 1930s the shops went bankrupt and were closed. The alley was transformed into an informal settlement . In the reprint of its article from 13 March 1937, daily Politika writes about the city's decision to tear down the Kuzmanović Yard: It seems that another disgrace will disappear from Belgrade, but much larger and more dangerous for
6630-531: The area became one of the favorite excursion sites of the Belgraders, including the royals, like Princess Ljubica Obrenović . There were meyhanes on the shores so as ferrymen with boats for transportation of the excursionists. A cemetery, Old Belgrade Cemetery, was located in the area. During the Ottoman period it served as the burial ground for the Belgrade Serbs, until Prince Miloš Obrenović ordered
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#17327797419396760-454: The central city open market, being closest to the city center. It was the most modern open farmers market on the Balkans at that time as it included running water, sewage system, brick-walled shops and stores and gauged weighing scales . The first assembly of the greengrocers was held in Zeleni Venac in 1918. Construction of the market began in 1920. It originally also occupied the area of
6890-463: The central tower, there are two annexes to the building. Stattwerk never acquired them, while Astoria managed to acquire one, lifting the total floor area to 10,350 square metres (111,400 sq ft). However, the building permits were issued only in January 2023. The new building will be fully commercial, called Brankov Business Center ("Brankov BC"). Works began in February 2023, and the deadline
7020-416: The city's public transportation, with almost 20 bus lines beginning there, is located next to the market. Originating from 1847, Zeleni Venac is the oldest still active green market in Belgrade and due to its size, longevity and wide varieties of goods that can be bought in it, it has been nicknamed "Queen of the markets" and placed under the state protection. The market was open in 1926 and was intended to be
7150-463: The club organized dance competitions for participants from the entire Yugoslavia. Band Zana was promoted for the first time here, while band Aska practiced its choreography for their performance at the 1982 Eurovision song contest . The venue was closed in 1989. Bezistan covers an area of 13,667 m (147,110 sq ft). The major feature within Bezistan was the "Kozara" cinema, one of
7280-414: The coach one day, prince asked Živković to whom belongs one of the lots without the fence. Živković replied it was his, but the prince said: Well, now it's not yours anymore, when you failed to fence it all this time. Politician and a businessman Stojan Simić , member of the influential Simić family , purchased the lot at the end of Terazije in the late 1830s. It was a piece of marshland which encompassed
7410-410: The day concluded that the draining wasn't done professionally as it drained the pond but turning the terrain into the "underwater" one. The idea was abandoned and the theater was constructed on another site, on the modern Republic Square . Some of the foundation remains were removed when the market was built in the 1920s. However, some parts of the completely forgotten foundations were rediscovered during
7540-462: The edifice for €4,25 million. In August 2017, Stattwerk has disclosed its plans for the building, saying that it will be the first energy-efficient skyscraper with green facades in Serbia with different commercial and tourist facilities. The official bid for the best project of the completely green building (just sun, wind and geothermal energy) was announced in October 2017, and the winning project
7670-488: The elite shopping locations in Belgrade, with numerous cafés, galleries and clubs in addition. It is also the shortest passage between the squares of the Republic and of Nikola Pašić. The entire alley complex, designed by architect Milutin Gec, was finished in 1991. By the late 1990s, when other shopping malls started to open around the city, the decline of Čumić began. By 2010, the district was almost completely abandoned, becoming
7800-603: The fact that many Belgraders consider the Republic Square or Kalemegdan to be the city's centerpiece areas, Terazije is Belgrade's designated center. When street numbers are assigned to the streets of Belgrade, numeration begins from the part of the street closest to Terazije. Terazije itself is also a short street, connected by the King Milan Street, the main street in Belgrade, to the Slavija square, by
7930-487: The first half of the 19th century. In the 1840s, Serbian ruling prince Miloš Obrenović wanted to resettle Serbian population from the old moated town where they had been mixed with the Turkish inhabitants, and from the neighborhood of Savamala on the bank of the Sava river in order to modernize it. He ordered Serbian craftsmen, especially blacksmiths , cartwrights and coppersmiths , to build their houses and shops on
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#17327797419398060-588: The first reconstruction of the square in 1911, the chestnut avenue was cut, while the česma was moved to Topčider in 1912. In 1860, construction of the Palace with Towers, next to the Old Konak began. It was intended to be the palace of the heir apparent prince Mihailo Obrenović . The prince never used it, residing mostly in the Little Palace which he built next to the Old Konak, while his court hosted
8190-424: The flower beds and the other urban ornaments, so as the fountain. The wooden cobbles were removed and two separate traffic lanes were molded into connected carriageways and the adjoining Nušićeva Street was closed for traffic from the Terazije direction. After 1948 the main square in Belgrade was narrowed, double tram tracks from both sides were removed and a number of modernist buildings were constructed, forming
8320-577: The fountain on the square which would include the monument to victory. The ideas came after the Balkan Wars and were triggered by the ceremonial entry of the Serbian army in Belgrade after the war ended, and the construction of the Karađorđe monument in Kalemegdan. Due to World War I which ensued shortly after, the decisions weren't fully implemented: the name wasn't changed, the monument was relocated to
8450-420: The hanged victims, marking the 224th anniversary of Prince Eugene of Savoy taking Belgrade in 1717 . A monument to commemorate the crime was erected in 1981 by the city. Titled "Monument to the hanged patriots" and sculptured by Nikola Janković, the obelisk-shaped monument is 4 m (13 ft) tall with a diameter of 80 cm (31 in). It is posted on the marble pedestal and has carvings representing
8580-484: The health and lives of the people than that eyesore that "Albania" was. A row of shacks and hovels in "Kuzmanović yard", which altogether cover an area of 4.000 m2 between the streets of Dečanska, Pašićeva nad Kolarčeva, will disappear. Belgrade municipality sent its commission yesterday to check the condition of the "Kuzmanović yard". The commission established that the shanties and burrows are prone to collapse any minute and that it will advocate for them to be demolished, in
8710-690: The heavy "Easter bombing" of Belgrade by the Allies on 16 April 1944. The palace was fiercely defended by the Germans during the 1944 Belgrade Offensive against the Red Army and Yugoslav Partisan forces. In the evening of 19 October 1944, a Partisan soldier Mladen Petrović placed the Yugoslav flag with red star on the top of the building. Taking over the building opened the way for the Partisan army to
8840-409: The house and turned it into the kafana . The venue had no name on it but had a tin-made green wreath hanging on the façade. She picked the wreath as the kafana still faced at the cemetery. Hermann established the venue around 1840 and operated it with her daughters. During Interbellum, the name Zeleni Venac spread to the entire neighborhood. Kafana was demolished in the 1960s. and on its location there
8970-403: The house of Lazar Arsenijević Batalaka and kafana "Kod Dva Tigra". Disreputable at the time, it was later replaced with the Palace Atina [ sr ] building and the famous 1970s and 1980s "Atina" restaurant. A bit away was the Krsmanović House , or later known as the Protocol Building. Purchased by the Krsmanović brothers, it was the location of the 1918 unification proclamation of
9100-443: The interest of health and lives of the tenants . The shantytown was demolished by 1940. The alley was later renamed Čumićevo Sokače ("Čumić Alley") after a politician Aćim Čumić , former mayor of Belgrade and prime minister of Serbia. In 1989, the first modern shopping mall (concurrently with the Staklenac on the Republic Square) in Belgrade was opened in Čumić Alley, colloquially shortened only to Čumić. It soon became one of
9230-425: The last "scar" which divided city parts on the opposite sides of the trench, thus making Terazije one urban unit with the older part of the city. This prompted accelerated urbanization, not only of Terazije, but of the other neighborhoods outside of the old city limits. When the first horsecar was introduced in Belgrade, on 14 October 1892, the station was located in Terazije, next to the fountain. The Little Palace
9360-403: The line from Terazije to Varoš Kapija and lifted the price to 3 groschen . Terazije Quarter was officially formed on 3 March 1860, so Terazije administratively became part of Belgrade, so as the other neighborhoods outside of the former trench. After the incident at the Čukur Fountain, Ottoman garrison withdrew from the Stambol Gate. The gate was demolished from 26 April to 31 May 1866, removing
9490-414: The location of the present square, an empty, inhabited area spreading in front of the Stambol Gate. Also, the move was intended to prevent the fires being lit all over the town and tone down the noise made by these specific types of artisans. However, the craftsmen and artisans refused to relocate, especially the residents of Savamala as prince Miloš planned to relocate them even further than Terazije, to
9620-459: The ministries of interior and foreign affairs. The building was designed by Kosta Šrepalović. On 24 May 1860, privately owned predecessor of the public transport in Belgrade was organized. The omnibus line was operated by the diligences . Its starting point was in Terazije, at the kafana "Kod Zlatnog Venca", and connected it to Topčider . The enterprise wasn't much lucrative so the owner Luka Jakovljević sold it in 1861 to Milan Tešić, who expanded
9750-427: The modern bus terminus, on the foundations of the ill-fated National Theatre. One of the reasons why city administration decided to build the market was to remove farmers who were illegally selling goods from the ox-wagons in Terazije, city's downtown. Originally, the market stalls were wooden ones, made by the sellers themselves. Only the wealthiest sellers had trucks to deliver goods to the markets, majority still used
9880-462: The modern features of Stari dvor , Pioneers Park and Park Aleksandrov . By the summer of 1840, he drained the marsh, filled and leveled the terrain and on the northern side of the modern Kralja Milana street built a luxurious mansion from 1840 to 1842. The edifice became known as the Old Konak . Development of the first Serbian royal compound began in 1843, when the state leased the mansion, with
10010-424: The modern seismic regulations, the last two floors were added later and are unusable today due to the damages and the entire building has only 5 parking spots. Ministry of justice, which administered the building after 2007, decided to adapt it into the seat of several courts and state agencies. In 2009 the renovation began: the building was emptied, installations and internal walls removed but the works stopped when it
10140-486: The most popular in Belgrade for decades. It was closed in 2003, purchased by Croatian tycoon Ivica Todorić and allegedly planned as a supermarket for Todorić's Serbian brand "Idea" before it was destroyed by fire on 25 May 2012 It has been left in that condition ever since. Bezistan had candy and souvenir shops on one side, and modernistic section on other side, with McDonald's restaurant, modern coffee shop and "Reiffeisen bank", but as of 2018 it looks like nothing more than
10270-466: The neighborhood is one of the most congested in Belgrade. In June 2022, city announced reconstruction of the Terazije Terrace and the adjoining sections of Zeleni Venac. Project consists of three phases, marked by the streets, of which the latter two deal with Zeleni Venac itself: Balkanska -Kraljice Natalije, Kraljice Natalije-Lomina, and Lomina-Gavrila Principa. The area should be on top of
10400-475: The neighborhood is the 13-storey Beobanka building, at the corner of Zeleni Venac and Carice Milice streets. The building is described as being on "excellent position" for business, with good commuting connectivity, but also being quite visible in city's landscape and with great scenic view on the city. It was built in 1960 and projected by Milica Šterić for the Energoprojekt holding , but later became
10530-618: The neutral countries protested because of these public hangings, so in the end the Austrians moved dead bodies to the Belgrade New Cemetery . Due to the history of this type of executions, the phrase "hanging at Terazije" entered the Serbian language. It can be variously used in different context: as a threat, offering self-sacrifice or protesting one's innocence. The square and the Palace Albania were hit during
10660-477: The nursery garden he personally established in Topčider during the 1830s, when he arranged the park. The chestnut avenue in Terazije was planted in double rows. Up to about 1865, the buildings at Terazije were mainly single and double-storied. The water tower was removed in 1860 and replaced by the drinking fountain, "Terazijska česma", which was erected in to celebrate the second rule of Prince Miloš Obrenović. During
10790-587: The occupiers, a military commander of Serbia Heinrich Danckelmann and the head of the Belgrade Gestapo Carl Krauss ordered a killing of five Serbs on Terazije. The executed victims were Velimir Jovanović (b.1893) and Ratko Jević (b. 1913), farmers, Svetislav Milin (b. 1915), a shoemaker, Jovan Janković (b.1920), a tailor, and Milorad Pokrajac (b. 1924), a high school student, only 17 years old. They were arrested, accused of alleged terrorist activities and brutally tortured before being shot in
10920-513: The only work that has been done was the reconstruction of the plateau and the fountain in 2011. A popular disco club "Bezistan" was opened in the 1980s. It was located in the basement of the venue which was later adapted into the McDonald restaurant. It was different from other discos of the era, and was the only "dancing club" in the city. When the popularity of the Italo disco reached Belgrade,
11050-1135: The opposite side of the Jug Bogdanova Street for some lines, while for the others the starting points were relocated downhill the street, in the direction of the Branko's Bridge. Plans for relocation of the terminus were made already in to 1970s, but remained on paper. As of April 2023, 16 lines of Belgrade's public transportation grid starting at Zeleni Venac were: No. 15 (Zemun Novi Grad), No. 52 ( Cerak Vinogradi , Čukarica ), No. 53 ( Vidikovac , Rakovica ), No. 56 ( Petlovo Brdo , Rakovica), No. 56-L ( Čukarička Padina , Čukarica), No. 60 (Heating plant), No. 60-L (same, different route), No. 67 (Block 70-A, New Belgrade), No. 68 (Block 70), No. 71 (Ledine), No. 72 (Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport), No. 75 (Bežanijska Kosa), No. 84 ( Nova Galenika, Zemun ), No. 704 (Zemun Polje), No. 706 (Batajnica), No. 707 (Zemun Polje, different route). Additionally, there were 5 lines crossing through Zeleni Venac: No. 16, No. 27E, No. 35, No. 65, No. 77, No. 95, and EKO 1. Actor Dragan Maksimović
11180-546: The ox carts. The good was transported mostly from the Belgrade surroundings ( Višnjica , Slanci , Veliko Selo , Ovča , Borča , Obrenovac ). The architecture of the market, which includes the specific and recognizable "broken" roofs, was designed by architect Veselin Tripković. On the side of the Kraljice Natalije Street there is a three-piped drinking fountain embedded into the market's outer wall. There
11310-495: The period say that some citizens calmly paid respect, but others gathered, with parents bringing children and professors their students, showing to them what the "new German culture" actually looks like. As the hanging was announced by the Germans in the press, and the news and photos were published, the bodies were removed on the evening of the same day. On the same day, a procession of the Volksdeutsche units marched next to
11440-467: The plaque says: On this place, on 18 November 2000, actor Dragan Maksimović was beaten by the bullies. He didn't manage to survive the consequences of this attack. He died on 4 February 2001. We condemn the violence and don't forget. His Belgraders . In 2015, city announced massive reorganization of the city's public transportation. It included relocation of the large terminus at Zeleni Venac, for numerous city lines. The buses were still planned to pass, but
11570-419: The progressive high school and university students, workers, merchants, craftsmen and activists in the next decades. Kafana Zlatna Moruna was a gathering place and an unofficial base of the members of Young Bosnia revolutionary movement , prior to the 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , a prelude to World War I , including Gavrilo Princip and Mustafa Golubić . A massive building,
11700-593: The property of Beobanka. Šterić was awarded the Sedmojulska nagrada for the project, the highest state prize in Serbia at the time. The bank filed for bankruptcy in 2002, so the building became property of the state in 2007 and of the city of Belgrade in 2012. It is part of the "Old Belgrade" Spatial Cultural-Historical Unit , which is under the "preliminary protection". The building has a total floor area of 8,300 m (89,000 sq ft). It turned out that it has several major inadequacies: it doesn't comply with
11830-413: The provisions envisioned by the project were built: new wide paved sidewalks, formation of the square, a fountain, change in tram tracks for better and faster traffic and removal of the public pissoirs . A monument to Dositej Obradović , which was projected, was erected in a different neighborhood. The changes in 1911–1913 were significant and the square was completely re-arranged. With Léger, major work
11960-403: The public and academic debate during the reconstruction, especially when massive rains resulted in sliding which ruptured the streets around the market as if they were hit by a very strong earthquake. After the completion, the market became a multi-leveled, two-stored complex with the lowest section partially below the ground. The communal infrastructure was completely renewed, a special parking lot
12090-478: The relocation of the graveyard to Tašmajdan in 1826. The relocation was finished by 1828. The old cemetery was situated along the modern Pop Lukina Street, above the Town's Gate (Varoš Kapija), one of the four gates at the entry points into the town. The cemetery was divided in two sections: Great cemetery ( Veliko groblje ) on the slope where the modern Brankova Street is, and Plague cemetery ( Kužno groblje ), close to
12220-413: The reports of further deterioration of the ceiling in January 2021, city announced that Bezistan will not be renovated in 2021 either, even though it became part of the Terazije protected area in January 2020. In the early 20th century, a section behind the main square became a hub of commercial and craft shops. After the owner of the lot, quite big for the central urban zone of the city, Živko Kuzmanović,
12350-457: The route of the main road which connected Varoš Kapija with Savamala and Vračar . Some public figures objected, and Vuk Karadžić commented that the chosen location is ćorbudžak prema sredini beogradske varoši , the edge compared to the downtown. Italian architect Josif Kasano was chosen because he had experience building on the marshy terrain in Venice . By the middle of the 19th century the pond
12480-493: The scenes of the hanging and commemorative lyrics by the poet Vasko Popa . In 1983 a memorial bronze plaque, work of Slave Ajtoski, was added. It contains names of the victims and an epitaph : "To freedom fighters who were hanged by the Fascist occupiers in Terazije on 17 August 1941", signed by "citizens of Belgrade". The plaque got damaged in time and was removed in 2008, during the reconstruction of Terazije, for restoration. It
12610-410: The square and the surrounding area of 23 ha (57 acres) was placed under the state protection as the spatial cultural-historical unit. Terazije quarter had a population of 6,333 by the 1883 census of population. According to the further censuses, the population of Terazije was 5,273 in 1890, 6,074 in 1895, 6,494 in 1900, 6,260 in 1905, 9,049 in 1910 and 7,038 in 1921. For a short period after
12740-490: The surrounding garden, as the court for the ruling prince Alexander Karađorđević . As the royal family now moved into the neighborhood, first regulatory plan for Terazije, which envisioned it as the new commercial and business center of Belgrade, was drafted in 1843. The idea for the monument to Karađorđe , leader of the First Serbian Uprising from 1804 to 1813, appeared in 1853 and the proposed location
12870-496: The terminus was to be removed. However, almost nothing of this plan hasn't been done anywhere in the city. In August 2021, city administration announced new plan for the neighborhood. It still includes the relocation of the terminus, and its location will be adapted into the art center with scenic viewpoint . Further plans were announced in November 2021 which envisioned higher structures and reduction of traffic surfaces, even though
13000-406: The then distant village of Palilula , "behind God's back". The prince resorted to violence. He gathered his henchmen and thugs and sent them to Savamala in 1835. As the settlement was still just a shanty town, with houses made of rotten wood and mud, all the houses were demolished in one day, without any demolition equipment. Additionally, the ustabasha , chief of the cartwright and blacksmith guild,
13130-489: The value of the building at €5 million and attempted to sell it for the first time in 2014 for €4.9 million but no one was interested. Several other auctions were held, with decreasing price, but they all failed. In the spring of 2016, city lowered the price to €3.1 million, but that auction was postponed and in November 2016 it was announced that the Belgrade branch of the Stuttgart -based Stattwerk architecture firm purchased
13260-455: The yard of the Gestapo headquarters. The entire ordeal happened on 17 August 1941. Their corpses were then hanged on the light poles on Terazije. For a long time, it was claimed that bodies were left for days, while the Belgraders were "sitting in restaurants and drinking cold beer". Historian Milan Koljanin wrote that this was a negative stereotype pushed for a decades. Police reports from
13390-429: Was "Zlatna Slavina" inn, frequently visited by the journalists and writers, adjoined by the bookstore and publishing house. The old hotel "Balkan" with one floor leaned on it. A bit protruding was the bakery ("bread shop") famous at the time for its products (egg burek , various kifli , pogačice , hot kaymak lepinjas ). In May 1904, the insurance company "Rusija" purchased the estate of Nikola Vuković across
13520-426: Was 5,033 in 1981, 4,373 in 1991 and 3,338 in 2002. Municipality of Stari Grad later abolished local communities. Borders of the Terazije local community were streets: Dečanska, Nikola Pašić Square, Kneza Miloša , Kraljice Natalije, Sremska, Kolarčeva and Makedonska. That way it encompassed Andrićev Venac , Pioneers Park , Park Aleksandrov , London , Terazije Terrace and part of historical Savamala . Borders of
13650-592: Was Terazije First official proposal came in 1857, from Toma Vučić-Perišić , one of the leaders of the Defenders of the Constitution . Though Ottoman administration over Serbia was limited at the time, it was still strong enough to prevent building of the monument. They couldn't allow a memorial to the bitter enemy of their empire. After the Saint Andrew's Day Assembly in 1858–1859, dethroned Miloš Obrenović
13780-454: Was a narrow extension of the square in this area, in the direction of the goldsmith Mihailo P. Petković's store, where the row of fiakers was usually parked. The Old Konak was demolished in 1904, while the Palace with Towers was torn down in 1911. Its demolition made space for the planned Novi Dvor . The foundation stone was laid in 1911. However, due to the ensuing strings of wars, it was completed only in 1922. Today, Stari Dvor serves as
13910-439: Was also conducted across the neighborhood: tram No. 14 to downtown Zemun , and bus No. 34 to Zemun's Novi Grad . The bridge was demolished during World War II, routes to Zemun disconnected, so after 1947 it was decided to make Zeleni Venac a public transportation hub as downtown Terazije became congested. Tram No. 14 was replaced by bus, and after Branko's Bridge was finished in 1956 and No. 14 again extended to downtown Zemun, it
14040-468: Was always a possibility for the city to demolish it and go with its plan. In May 2020 city reiterated that it will not demolish it, but due to the ownership issues, lack of paperwork, plans and designs, and COVID-19 pandemic , the reconstruction was moved for 2021. Nothing has been done by August 2022, when the reconstruction of the upper section of the Nušićeva Street was announced, which should include
14170-708: Was another tombstone, crushed into pieces, dedicated by Maximinus' wife. Several other well preserved graves were discovered in the direction of the Pop Lukina and Karađorđeva streets. Also during the Interbellum , in Kamenička Street, a golden polyhedron shaped earring from the early Middle Ages (Great Migration Period ) was discovered. When the foundations for the building of the Medical Association were dug on Zeleni Venac, more than 4 kg of
14300-457: Was beginning here and the masters had numerous young apprentices who were prone to Socialism. They were gathered and organized by Svetozar Marković , leader of the Socialism in Serbia. In 1871 their newspapers Radnik began to be printed in Zeleni Venac, while another Socialist printing press was installed later. There was also a socialist library. Local kafanas remained the gathering place for
14430-446: Was built, and the area was protected from future mass wasting. Municipal government of Savski Venac began turning the underground passage into an exhibition gallery. For now, it includes 20 exhibition panels set for the official Belgrade holiday, Belgrade Days, in April 2008, but soon individual panel cameras and sound system with loudspeakers for 24-hour-a-day classical music play will be also installed. The most protruding feature in
14560-465: Was built, with several toy and slipper stores covered with roller shutters ( ćepenak ) at the ground level. The upper floor was the seat of the "Zvezda" monthly magazine, edited by Janko Veselinović . The "Zlatni Krst" kafana was built next to it, today replaced with the highrise built in the 1960s. There was also an "Albanez" inn, sort of students' mess hall , as its clientele were mostly high and middle school students, and their professors. Next to it
14690-416: Was built. A webbed roof, shaped like a semi-opened dome, made of concrete and projected by Vladeta Maksimović, was constructed to cover the plateau and the fountain. Because of that feature, and a small shops located in it, it was named "Bezistan", though it never functioned as the bezistan in its true, oriental sense of the term. Revitalization and reconstruction was projected for the second half of 2008, but
14820-475: Was demolished in April and May 1881 to make way for the Stari Dvor . Designed by Aleksandar Bugarski , it was built on the orders by the prince, later king Milan Obrenović . The foundation stone was laid on 23 June 1881 and the building was finished by 1883. By the turn of the century, the square formed with an "egg-shaped" base, where the Palace Albanija is today. Near this base, a low, yellow house
14950-413: Was discovered that asbestos has been used for the facade. It wasn't banned when the building was constructed, but in documentation there was no mention of asbestos. Ministry calculated that the reconstruction of the facade and removal of asbestos would cost too much, so they handed over the building to the city in 2012. The building is left in the "stripped" condition, only with outer skeleton. City estimated
15080-550: Was done by the architects Veselin Lučić, who designed the project, and Jelisaveta Načić . Along the central part of the square regular flower beds were placed, surrounded by a low iron fence. Refurbishment included artistic candelabra, public three-faced clock, a special kiosk in the Serbian-Byzantine style, circle bars for the protection of the trees in the avenue and granite curbs. On the side towards today's Nušićeva street
15210-429: Was dug under Terazije in 1967, connecting Iguman's Palace with Hotel Moskva. Another underground passage, connecting Hotel Balkan and Palace Albanija, envisioned as an underground shopping mall, was finished in 1968. Terazije Tunnel, for traffic, was opened on 4 December 1970. On 12 December 1975, old Terazije Fountain was relocated from Topčider back to the square, and placed at its present location. On 25 January 2020,
15340-399: Was finished in 1934. At 16 Brankova Street a Roman tomb was discovered in 1931, with ceramics and coins from the period of the emperors Aurelian and Claudius Gothicus . The grave was made from the reused parts of stele . The sandstone plaque has a niche with a human bust and the inscription naming Valerius Longinus as a builder of the memorial for his son, a veteran Valerius Maximinus. There
15470-522: Was historically important as the gathering spot and the former business and commercial center of Belgrade. With the Knez Mihailova Street , which extends to the northeast connecting directly Terazije and Belgrade Fortress , the square is one of the oldest and most recognizable ambience units of Belgrade. Due to its historical and cultural importance, Terazije was declared a protected spatial cultural-historical unit in January 2020. Despite
15600-530: Was leading through the gate into the city and across the moat. Also, the existence of the water tower, with drinking fountain, helped the area to become sort of the "parking lot" in front of the city entrance. After the collapse of the First Serbian Uprising , the Ottomans regained Belgrade in October 1813, and their vanguards burned wooden hovels in Savamala neighborhood. When the main Ottoman army landed,
15730-409: Was murdered in Zeleni Venac. On 18 November 2000, a group of skinhead hooligans, supporters of FK Rad , brutally attacked him erroneously assuming he was Romani . Succumbing to the injuries, Maksimović died on 4 February 2001. The perpetrators were never apprehended. On the initiative by film director Goran Marković , a commemorative plaque was placed at Zeleni Venac on 18 November 2006. Inscription on
15860-485: Was one of the first public buildings in Belgrade after World War II projected outside of the Socialist realism style, rather being a Modernist edifice. The building also has an imitation of a penthouse with a series of "ribbed bachelor apartments ". Brkić had to follow two rules: the building was not to be higher than 8 storeys, which was the height of the neighboring building, and he had to take into consideration that
15990-484: Was partially drained, but the area proved to be too marshy and unstable. The foundations were laid down but it showed that Kasano wasn't that experienced as the terrain remained rich in underground waters witch continued to flow down the Terazije ridge. This required expensive massive deep foundations so the Theatre Board almost went bankrupt and the works stopped in 1857, draining large amount of money. Experts of
16120-507: Was picked in December. The new, "green skyscraper", projected by architect Jovan Mitrović, will include the green façades, automated underground garage for 500 cars, photovoltaic panels , organic recycling and garden, greenhouse, etc. No dates on the construction were given. In December 2017, an artistic installation was placed inside the building. Stretching from top to the bottom for 12 floors, it consists of recycled green canvases which form
16250-504: Was publicly beaten, receiving 25 hits. The artisans then agreed to relocate. Ilija Čarapić , the president of the Belgrade Municipality 1834–1835 and 1839–1840, had a special task of assigning the parcels in Terazije to these craftsmen and whoever accepted to fence the lot on his own, would have it for free. One of the lots was granted by prince Miloš to his favorite architect, Hadži Nikola Živković . Driving together in
16380-529: Was recorded that during the cold winters, wolves would reach the pond. The draining of the pond began in the 1830s, but the underground water from Terazije still soaks the land between Terazije and the Sava river. Being outside of the moat and the city walls at the time, it was considered "distant" by the citizens. As it was located in front of the Stambol Gate and close to the Tsarigrad Road , some artisan shops and khans developed in time. The road
16510-588: Was removed from the roof of Igumanov's bequest, the Igumanov's Palace. It wasn't just taken down, but was smashed with hammers by the members of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia . This made a way for the first neon commercial signage in 1958. A mobile advertisement for the Zagreb's Chromos Corporation, it was the first neon commercial sign in Belgrade. In February 2020, deputy mayor Goran Vеsić said that
16640-456: Was replaced with trolleybuses. It was the first line which used Zeleni Venac as terminus. Due to the rapid urban development of Zemun and New Belgrade, it was joined by the bus line No. 15 (Zemun Novi Grad) in 1958 and No. 16 in 1959 (Pohorska Street, New Belgrade). Line No. 14 was extended to Zemun's Gornji Grad and parallel, shortened line, No. 14-A to Zemun's Branko Radičević Square , was also introduced. The underground pedestrian passage and
16770-526: Was restored to power and the idea of erecting a monument to Karađorđe on Terazije was abandoned. The "Kasina" kafana and later hotel was built in 1858. It was named as the gambling was organized for the VIP members (female variant of the word casino ). Clientele originally included members of the Serbian Progressive Party . National Assembly of Serbia was seated in the venue's hall for
16900-400: Was returned on 28 May 2011. Terazije, as the central city square, was also used as the hanging location by the previous occupiers, too. During World War I, the Austrians hanged at Terazije citizens who didn't obey the curfew . However, this resulted in incidents, where drunk Austrian soldiers would pull or drag the bodies of the hanged ones, so the bodies and the gallows were removed. Also,
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