76-677: Zephir may refer to: a fictional character associated with Babar the Elephant Thierry Zéphir (born 19??), French author and curator Vehicles and transportation Fouga Zéphir , a French carrier jet trainer Piel Zephir , a French racing airplane D-ARUN Zephir, a Lufthansa airliner, see Dornier Do 18 French frigate Zéphir (1706) , see List of French sail frigates German torpedo boat Zephir , see List of naval ships of Germany rail-road shunting vehicles manufacturer, see Rail car mover Zephir ,
152-578: A Hittite princess. Pharaoh Amasis II married a Greek princess named Ladice daughter of King Battus III of Cyrene . Not to mention the Ptolemaic Kingdom , the last (and longest) dynasty to rule all of Egypt before its incorporation into the Roman Republic, who were infamous for their inbreeding in the form of sibling marriages. This was to keep their bloodline pure, and to prevent external forces from potentially taking power through
228-402: A poisonous mushroom . Because of his travels and civilization, Babar is chosen king of the elephant kingdom . He marries his cousin , Celeste ( French : Céleste ), and they subsequently have children and teach them valuable lessons. After Babar's mother is shot and killed by a hunter, he flees the jungle and finds his way to an unspecified big city with no particular characteristics. He
304-424: A Babylonian partially of Elamite origin. The Chakri dynasty of Thailand has included marriages between royal relatives, but marriages between dynasties and foreigners, including foreign royals, are rare. This is in part due to Section 11 of 1924 Palace Law of Succession which excludes members of the royal family from the line of succession if they marry a non-Thai national. The late king Bhumibol Adulyadej
380-522: A circus. And when they escape and return home, what awaits them but war with the rhinoceroses . It was sparked when Arthur tied a firecracker to the tail of Lord Rataxes . Babar wins the war by having the elephants paint monster faces on their backsides, which cause the frightened rhinoceroses to run away. After the victory celebrations, the book ends with Babar, Celeste and the Old Lady sitting together and discussing how Babar can rule wisely and make all
456-431: A connection to the royal line. However, Pharaoh Amenhotep III alone is known to have married several foreign women: Gilukhepa , daughter of Shuttarna II of Mitanni , in the tenth year of his reign; Tadukhepa , daughter of his ally Tushratta of Mitanni, around Year 36 of his reign; a daughter of Kurigalzu I of Babylon ; a daughter of Kadashman-Enlil I of Babylon; a daughter of Tarhundaradu of Arzawa ; and
532-693: A daughter of the ruler of Ammia (in modern Syria). There are a few recorded cases of intermarriage between Assyrian and Babylonian royals. According to legend, the Babylonian Semiramis was married to the Assyrian general Onnes and then to the Assyrian king Ninus , the legendary founder of Nineveh according to the Ancient Greeks. She has been equated with the historical Shammuramat , wife of Shamshi-Adad V . In turn, Shammuramat has been claimed to be of Babylonian descent. In
608-532: A decade before history forced Europe to put it into practice, the theory of neocolonialism ". In April 2012, Babar's Travels was removed from the shelves by library staff in East Sussex in response to parental complaints for what was perceived as stereotypes of Africans. Jean de Brunhoff's son Laurent de Brunhoff was embarrassed by stereotypical Africans and Native Americans in Babar's Picnic and asked
684-436: A history of incestuous marriage within the royal family in its early years, starting from Gwangjong , the fourth king, who married his half-sister Queen Daemok . To avoid scandals, the female members of the dynasty would be ceremonially adopted by their maternal families after birth. This practice of dynastic incest ended with the overthrow of Queen Heonae , the mother of Mokjong , the seventh king, after she attempted to seize
760-790: A hostile bordering nation, led by Lord Rataxes. Much later, in Babar and the Adventures of Badou , Pom grows to become the father of Prince Babar II (known as Badou). In 1931, Jean de Brunhoff introduced Babar in Histoire de Babar , and Babar enjoyed immediate success. In 1933, A.A. Milne introduced an English-language version, The Story of Babar , in Britain and the United States. Before his death in 1937, Jean de Brunhoff published six more stories. His son Laurent de Brunhoff , also
836-406: A ship involved in the escape of Napoleon from Elba in 1815. Other Zephir (programming language) , a programming language based on PHP and C A Laser Doppler anemometer called ZephIR developed by QinetiQ and licensed to a Renewable Energy consultancy called Natural Power See also [ edit ] Zephyr (disambiguation) Zefir (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
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#1732772967824912-760: A street performer and consort Miao, wife of Emperor Renzong was the daughter of his own wet nurse . During the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), emperors chose their consorts primarily from one of the eight Banner families , administrative divisions that divide all native Manchu families. To maintain the ethnic purity of the ruling dynasty, after the Kangxi Period (1662–1722), emperors and princes were forbidden to marry non-Manchu and non-Mongol wives. Imperial daughters however were not covered by this ban, and as with their preceding dynasties, were often married to Mongol princes to gain political or military support, especially in
988-519: A very French form of Western civilization to the elephants, and they soon dress in Western attire. The attention to stylish clothing perhaps reflects the fact that the original publisher of the books was Editions du Jardin des Modes , owned by Condé-Nast . The Babar books were the first Condé-Nast publications not specifically about fashion. Author Maurice Sendak described the innovations of Jean de Brunhoff: Like an extravagant piece of poetry,
1064-658: A writer and illustrator, carried on the series from 1946, beginning with Babar et Le Coquin d'Arthur . An animated television series, Babar was produced in Canada by Nelvana Limited and the Clifford Ross Company, running from 3 January 1989 to 5 June 1991, with 65 episodes. An additional 13 episodes aired in 2000. The character has also appeared in a number of films. The first two of Jean de Brunhoff's Babar books have inspired two major concert works: L'Histoire de Babar, le petit éléphant ( The Story of Babar,
1140-432: Is based on a tale that Brunhoff's wife, Cécile , had invented for their children. It tells of a young African elephant , named Babar, whose mother is killed by a big game hunter . Babar escapes, and in the process leaves the jungle in exile , visits Paris , and returns to bring the benefits of civilization to his fellow elephants. Just as he returns to his community of elephants, their king tragically dies from eating
1216-614: Is befriended by the Old Lady, who buys him clothes and hires him a tutor. Babar's cousins Celeste and Arthur find him in the big city and help him return to the Elephant realm . Following the death of the King of the Elephants, who had eaten a poisonous mushroom (the illustrations indicate that it is a fly agaric ), a council of old elephants approach Babar, saying that as he has "lived among men and learnt much", he would be suitable to become
1292-441: Is central to power or inheritance (such as royal families) have often seen marriage in a different light. There are often political or other non-romantic functions that must be served and the relative wealth and power of the potential spouses may be considered. Marriage for political, economic, or diplomatic reasons, the marriage of state , was a pattern seen for centuries among European rulers. At times, marriage between members of
1368-582: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Babar the Elephant Babar the Elephant ( UK : / ˈ b æ b ɑːr / , US : / b ə ˈ b ɑːr / ; French pronunciation: [babaʁ] ) is an elephant character who first appeared in 1931 in the French children's book Histoire de Babar by Jean de Brunhoff . The book
1444-412: Is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families. It was more commonly done in the past as part of strategic diplomacy for national interest . Although sometimes enforced by legal requirement on persons of royal birth, more often it has been a matter of political policy or tradition in monarchies. In Europe, the practice was most prevalent from the medieval era until
1520-464: The Bafokeng tribe of South Africa. Other examples of historical, mythical and contemporary royal intermarriages throughout Africa include: Several Egyptian pharaohs married the daughters of neighbouring kings to secure peace and form alliances. The Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty, the earliest known surviving peace treaty in the world, was sealed by a marriage between the pharaoh Ramesses II and
1596-548: The Pax Romana . Glaphyra of Cappadocia was known to have contracted three such royal intermarriages: with Juba II&I, King of Numidia and Mauretania , Alexander of Judea and Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Samaria . Other examples from the Ancient Roman era include: Though some emperors, such as Justin I and Justinian I , took low-born wives, dynastic intermarriages in imperial families were not unusual in
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#17327729678241672-571: The Safavid dynasty of Iran Though usually made to strengthen the position of the empire, there are examples of interdynastic marriages destabilising the emperor's authority. When Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos married his second wife, Eirene of Montferrat , in 1284 she caused a division in the Empire over her demand that her own sons share in imperial territory with, Michael , his son from his first marriage. She resorted to leaving Constantinople ,
1748-611: The Shunzhi Emperor and married Aisin Gioro women, with Prince Abatai 's granddaughter marrying Geng Zhaozhong 耿昭忠 and Haoge 's (a son of Hong Taiji) daughter marrying Geng Jingzhong. A daughter 和硕柔嘉公主 of the Manchu Aisin Gioro Prince Yolo 岳樂 ( Prince An ) was wedded to Geng Juzhong 耿聚忠 who was another son of Geng Jingmao. The fourteenth daughter of Kangxi ( 和硕悫靖公主 ) was wedded to Sun Chengen,
1824-813: The TV series are broadcast in 30 languages in over 150 countries, making Babar one of the largest distributed animation shows in history. Babar has been a perennial favourite for years at the White House Easter Egg Roll . Since 2001, the Babar franchise has been owned by Corus Entertainment 's Nelvana in conjunction with the artist, Clifford Ross . Babar made a nameless appearance in The New Traveller's Almanac (part of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen series). Babar and his elephants escort Mina Murray and Allan Quatermain through
1900-769: The African jungle. Mina considers them "civilized and gentle", but Allan denies that their leader is really wearing a crown. In the 1988 comedy film Coming to America , the Joffer royal family have a pet elephant named "Babar". In 1993, de Brunhoff's elephant inspired the BaBar experiment , an international hadron physics collaboration based in the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University . Herbert R. Kohl and Vivian Paley , have argued that, although superficially delightful,
1976-860: The Byzantine Empire. Following the fall of Constantinople in 1204, the ruling families, the Laskarides and then the Palaiologoi , thought it prudent to marry into foreign dynasties. One early example is the marriage of John Doukas Vatatzes with Constance , the daughter of Emperor Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire , to seal their alliance. After establishing an alliance with the Mongols in 1263, Michael VIII Palaiologos married two of his daughters to Mongol khans to cement their agreement: his daughter Euphrosyne Palaiologina
2052-681: The Chanyu (the Xiongnu ruler) was married to the Xiongnu general Zhao Xin , the Marquis of Xi who was serving the Han dynasty. The daughter of the Chanyu was married to the Han Chinese general Li Ling after he surrendered and defected. The Yenisei Kirghiz Khagans claimed descent from Li Ling. Another Han Chinese general who defected to the Xiongnu was Li Guangli who also married a daughter of
2128-632: The Chanyu. The Xianbei Tuoba royal family of Northern Wei started to arrange for Han Chinese elites to marry daughters of the royal family in the 480s. Some Han Chinese exiled royalty fled from southern China and defected to the Xianbei. Several daughters of the Xianbei Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei were married to Han Chinese elites, the Han Chinese Liu Song royal Liu Hui 劉輝, married Princess Lanling 蘭陵公主 of
2204-522: The Jin prince Sima Chuzhi 司馬楚之 as a refugee. A Northern Wei Princess married Sima Chuzhi, giving birth to Sima Jinlong . Northern Liang King Juqu Mujian 's daughter married Sima Jinlong. The Rouran Khaganate arranged for one of their princesses, Khagan Yujiulü Anagui 's daughter Princess Ruru 蠕蠕公主 to be married to the Han Chinese ruler Gao Huan of the Eastern Wei . The Kingdom of Gaochang
2280-456: The Kingdom as an honored guest. Despite the presence of these counsellors, Babar's rule seems to be totally independent of any elected body, and completely autocratic . However, his leadership style seems to strive for the overall benefit of his elephant subjects—a form of benevolent dictatorship . Besides his Westernizing policies, Babar engages in battle with the warlike rhinoceroses of
2356-697: The Korean royal House of Yi . While Roman emperors almost always married wives who were also Roman citizens , the ruling families of the empire's client kingdoms in the Near East and North Africa often contracted marriages with other royal houses to consolidate their position. These marriages were often contracted with the approval, or even at the behest, of the Roman emperors themselves. Rome thought that such marriages promoted stability among their client states and prevented petty local wars that would disturb
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2432-472: The Little Elephant ) by Francis Poulenc in 1940; and The Travels of Babar (Le Voyage de Babar) by Raphael Mostel in 1994. In 2010, a sequel and spin-off, Babar and the Adventures of Badou , was released, introducing new characters, including Badou, Babar's grandson and Pom's son. It takes place several years after the original series. Babar, who likes to wear a bright green suit , introduces
2508-715: The Ming general Li Yongfang ( 李永芳 ) after he surrendered Fushun in Liaoning to the Manchu in 1618 and a mass marriage of Han Chinese officers and officials to Manchu women numbering 1,000 couples was arranged by Prince Yoto 岳托 ( Prince Keqin ) and Hongtaiji in 1632 to promote harmony between the two ethnic groups. Aisin Gioro women were married to the sons of the Han Chinese generals Sun Sike (Sun Ssu-k'o) 孫思克 , Geng Jimao (Keng Chi-mao), Shang Kexi (Shang K'o-hsi), and Wu Sangui (Wu San-kuei). Nurhaci's son Abatai 's daughter
2584-618: The Northern Wei, Princess Huayang 華陽公主 to Sima Fei 司馬朏, a descendant of Jin dynasty royalty, Princess Jinan 濟南公主 to Lu Daoqian 盧道虔, Princess Nanyang 南陽長公主 to Xiao Baoyin 蕭寶夤, a member of Southern Qi royalty. Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei 's sister the Shouyang Princess was wedded to The Liang dynasty ruler Emperor Wu of Liang 's son Xiao Zong 蕭綜 . When the Eastern Jin dynasty ended Northern Wei received
2660-617: The Tang dynasty married Uyghur Khagan Bayanchur. At least three Tang imperial princesses are known to have married khagans between 758 and 821. These unions temporarily stopped in 788, partly because stability within China meant that they were politically unnecessary. However, threats from Tibet in the west, and a renewed need for Uyghur support, precipitated the marriage of Princess Taihe to Bilge Khagan . The ethnically Chinese Cao family ruling Guiyi Circuit established marriage alliances with
2736-683: The Uighurs of the Ganzhou Kingdom, with both the Cao rulers marrying Uighur princesses and with Cao princesses marrying Uighur rulers. The Ganzhou Uighur Khagan's daughter was married to Cao Yijin in 916. The Chinese Cao family ruling Guiyi Circuit established marriage alliances with the Saka Kingdom of Khotan , with both the Cao rulers marrying Khotanese princesses and with Cao princesses marrying Khotanese rulers. A Khotanese princess who
2812-682: The Vietnamese Nguyễn lord Princess Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Vạn, a daughter of Lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên , in 1618. In return, the king granted the Vietnamese the right to establish settlements in Mô Xoài (now Bà Rịa ), in the region of Prey Nokor—which they colloquially referred to as Sài Gòn , and which later became Ho Chi Minh City . In the Chola dynasty in southern India, Madhurantaki the daughter of Emperor Rajendra II married Kulottunga I
2888-420: The capital of the Byzantine Empire, and setting up her own court in the second city of the Empire, Thessalonica . Careful selection of a spouse was important to maintain the royal status of a family: depending on the law of the land in question, if a prince or king was to marry a commoner who had no royal blood, even if the first-born was acknowledged as a son of a sovereign, he might not be able to claim any of
2964-626: The dynasty that rules the Kingdom of Benin . Marriages between the Swazi , Zulu and Thembu royal houses of southern Africa are common. For example, the daughter of South African president and Thembu royal Nelson Mandela , Zenani Mandela , married Prince Thumbumuzi Dlamini, a brother of Mswati III , King of Eswatini. Elsewhere in the region, Princess Semane Khama of the Bamangwato tribe of Botswana married Kgosi Lebone Edward Molotlegi of
3040-458: The early 9th century BC, the Babylonian king Nabu-shuma-ukin I ( Dynasty of E ) exchanged daughters in marriage with the contemporary Assyrian monarch. The Assyrian princess Muballitat-Sherua , daughter of Ashur-uballit I , was given in marriage to the contemporary Babylonian monarch. She was the mother of the future Babylonian king Kara-hardash . Additionally, Kurigalzu II was either
3116-581: The early years of the Qing dynasty; three of the nine daughters of Emperor Nurhaci and twelve of Emperor Hongtaiji 's daughters were married to Mongol princes. The Manchu imperial Aisin Gioro clan practiced marriage alliances with Han Chinese Ming generals and Mongol princes. Aisin Gioro women were married to Han Chinese generals who defected to the Manchu side during the Manchu conquest of China . The Manchu leader Nurhaci married one of his granddaughters to
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3192-468: The eldest daughter of Melishihu . Also Napirisha-Untash (c. 1210 BC) and Hutelutush-Inshushinak (c. 1190) are thought to have married Babylonian Kassite princesses. A man of Elamite origin, Mar-biti-apla-usur , the founder of the so-called Elamite dynasty , reigned in Babylon from around 980 to 975 BC, though the identity and origin of his consort are unknown. He might not have been himself from Elam but
3268-527: The elephants happy. In the third book, Babar the King , Babar founds the city of Celesteville. After many dromedaries are found, they help with building the city. Each elephant citizen is given a job to do. Once the city is built, everyone celebrates. However, problems arise; the Old Lady is bitten by a snake, and Cornelius' home catches fire. Babar has a dream where he is visited by Misfortune and other demons which are chased away by elephant angels representing Courage, Hope, and other virtues. The morning after
3344-431: The families of their greatest vassals as late as the 16th century. More recently, they have tended to marry internationally. In other parts of the world royal intermarriage was less prevalent and the number of instances varied over time, depending on the culture and foreign policy of the era. While the contemporary Western ideal sees marriage as a unique bond between two people who are in love , families in which heredity
3420-432: The first attested royal intermarriages between them. Babylonian Kassites and Elamites intensively intermarried for a period of about 120 years, from c. 1290 to 1170 BC. The royal intermarriages in this period were: Pahir-ishshan to eldest daughter (princess) of Kurigalzu II (1290); Untash-Napirisha to daughter of prince Burnaburiash (1250); Kidin-Hutran to daughter of prince [...]-duniash (1230); Shutruk-Nakhunte to
3496-637: The following: Bill Melendez Productions: Atkinson Film-Arts : Nelvana Productions : Mindscape released Babar and the Royal Coin Caper for the PC in 2005, Both Babar and Cornelius are voiced by Daniel Davies and Dave Pender. The Danish game company The Game Factory published Babar to the Rescue for the Game Boy Advance in 2006. Royal intermarriage Royal intermarriage
3572-490: The hopeful dream, the Old Lady and Cornelius make full recoveries. Among Babar's other associates in the various incarnations of the series are the monkey Zephir, the old elephant counsellor Cornelius (also later Pompadour who was created for the Babar television series ), Babar's cousin Arthur, and Babar's children, Pom, Flora, and Alexander. A younger daughter, Isabelle, is later introduced. The Old Lady comes to live in
3648-629: The interplay between few words and many pictures, commonly called the picture book, is a difficult, exquisite, and most easily collapsible form that few have mastered....Jean de Brunhoff was a master of this form. Between 1931 and 1937 he completed a body of work that forever changed the face of the illustrated book. The series has over 100 licensees worldwide, and the "Babar" brand has a multi-generational following. There are 12 Babar stores in Japan. A global cultural phenomenon, whose fans span generations, Babar stands along with Disney's Mickey Mouse as one of
3724-455: The lure of the city, of civilization, of style and order and bourgeois living is real, for elephants as for humans". He concludes that the satisfaction derived from Babar is based on the knowledge that "while it is a very good thing to be an elephant, still, the life of an elephant is dangerous, wild, and painful. It is therefore a safer thing to be an elephant in a house near a park". Jean de Brunhoff wrote and illustrated seven Babar books;
3800-420: The most recognized children's characters in the world. There are now over 30,000 Babar publications in over 17 languages, and over 8 million books have been sold. Laurent de Brunhoff's Babar's Yoga for Elephants is a top seller in the U.S. with over 100,000 copies sold to date. The Babar series of books are recommended reading on former First Lady Laura Bush 's national reading initiative list. All 78 episodes of
3876-460: The new King. Babar is crowned King of the Elephants and marries his cousin, Celeste. In Jean de Brunhoff's second Babar book, The Travels of Babar , when the married couple leave by balloon on their honeymoon: ... stormy winds down the balloon on an island, and yet again will the royal couple escape by whale, be marooned on an even smaller island and be rescued by a passing ocean liner only to be turned over to an animal trainer and put to work in
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#17327729678243952-607: The outbreak of World War I , but evidence of intermarriage between royal dynasties in other parts of the world can be found as far back as the Bronze Age . Monarchs were often in pursuit of national and international aggrandisement on behalf of themselves and their dynasties, thus bonds of kinship tended to promote or restrain aggression. Marriage between dynasties could serve to initiate, reinforce or guarantee peace between nations. Alternatively, kinship by marriage could secure an alliance between two dynasties which sought to reduce
4028-507: The proceeding Song dynasty (960–1279) tended to marry from within their own borders. Tang emperors, mainly took their wives from high-ranking bureaucratic families, but the Song dynasty did not consider rank important when it came to selecting their consorts. It has been estimated that only a quarter of Song consorts were from such families, with the rest being from lower status backgrounds. For example, Liu, consort of Emperor Zhenzong , had been
4104-401: The publisher to withdraw it. A more sympathetic view is expressed in the 2008 New Yorker article "Freeing the Elephants", in which Adam Gopnik argues it "is not an unconscious expression of the French colonial imagination; it is a self-conscious comedy about the French colonial imagination and its close relation to the French domestic imagination. The gist ... is explicit and intelligent:
4180-428: The royal status of his father. Traditionally, many factors were important in arranging royal marriages. One such factor was the amount of territory that the other royal family governed or controlled. Another, related factor was the stability of the control exerted over that territory: when there was territorial instability in a royal family, other royalty would be less inclined to marry into that family. Another factor
4256-537: The same dynasty has been common in Central Africa. In West Africa, the sons and daughters of Yoruba kings were traditionally given in marriage to their fellow royals as a matter of dynastic policy. Sometimes these marriages would involve members of other tribes. Erinwinde of Benin, for example, was taken as a wife by the Oba Ọranyan of Oyo during his time as governor of Benin. Their son Eweka went on to found
4332-409: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Zephir . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zephir&oldid=1255372012 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4408-661: The second one was the mother of Geng Zhixin. Empress Rende's sister, a member of the Xiao clan, was the mother of Han Chinese General Geng Yanyi. Han Durang (Yelu Longyun) was the father of Queen dowager of State Chen, who was the wife of General Geng Yanyi and buried with him in his tomb in Zhaoyang in Liaoning. His wife was also known as "Madame Han". The Geng's tomb is located in Liaoning at Guyingzi in Chaoying. Emperors of
4484-414: The sense of threat from or to initiate aggression against the realm of a third dynasty. It could also enhance the prospect of territorial acquisition for a dynasty by procuring legal claim to a foreign throne, or portions of its realm (e.g., colonies), through inheritance from an heiress whenever a monarch failed to leave an undisputed male heir. In parts of Europe, royalty continued to regularly marry into
4560-554: The series was continued by his son, Laurent de Brunhoff . Jean de Brunhoff's Babar books (1931–1941), and the titles of the English translations, were: Laurent de Brunhoff's books (1948–2017) (selected list): English translations of the original Babar books are routinely republished in the UK and in the US, individually and in collections. Other English-language titles about Babar include
4636-414: The son ( 孫承恩 ) of Sun Sike (Sun Ssu-k'o) 孫思克 , a Han bannerman. The Silla Kingdom had a practice that limited the succession to the throne to members of the seonggol , or "sacred bone", rank. To maintain their "sacred bone" rank, members of this caste often intermarried with one another in the same fashion that European royals intermarried to maintain a "pure" royal pedigree. The Goryeo dynasty had
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#17327729678244712-433: The son or grandson of Muballitat. Other consorts of Assyrian monarchs, such as Naqiʾa , Ešarra-ḫammat , Banitu (who was perhaps brought to Assyria as a hostage after Tiglath-Pileser 's conquest of Babylon) might also have been of Babylonian origin. Babylonians and Elamites engaged many times in royal intermarriage, especially in the Kassite period . It is probable that Elamites and Kassites had close ties long before
4788-653: The son the son of Eastern Chalukya ruler Rajaraja Narendra . This was to improve the relationship between the two royal houses and to straighten Chola influence in Vengai . Kulottunga and Madhurantaki were first cousins as Kulottunga's mother Amangai Devi was the sister of Rajendra II making them both the grandchildren of Emperor Rajendra I . Marriage policy in imperial China differed from dynasty to dynasty. Several dynasties practiced Heqin , which involved marrying off princesses to other royal families. The Xiongnu practiced marriage alliances with Han dynasty officers and officials who defected to their side. The older sister of
4864-502: The special trade and military relationship that developed after the Khaganate supported the Chinese during the An Lushan Rebellion . The Uyghur Khaganate exchanged princesses in marriage with Tang dynasty China in 756 to seal the alliance against An Lushan. The Uyghur Khagan Bayanchur Khan had his daughter Uyghur Princess Pijia (毗伽公主) married to Chinese prince Li Chengcai ( 李承采 ) of the Tang dynasty, Prince of Dunhuang (敦煌王), son of Li Shouli, Prince of Bin , while Chinese princess Ninguo of
4940-440: The stories can be seen as a justification for colonialism . Others argue that the French civilization described in the early books had already been destroyed by World War I and the books were an exercise in nostalgia for pre-1914 France. Ariel Dorfman 's The Empire's Old Clothes is another critical view, in which he concludes: "In imagining the independence of the land of the elephants, Jean de Brunhoff anticipates, more than
5016-404: The throne for herself and her illegitimate sons by placing these sons as Mokjong's heir, only to be foiled by a coup masterminded by the Goryeo general Kang Cho . After the Second Manchu invasion of Korea , Joseon Korea was forced to give several of their royal princesses as concubines to the Qing Manchu regent Prince Dorgon . In 1650, Dorgon married the Korean Princess Uisun (義順). She
5092-428: Was a collateral branch of the Korean royal family, and daughter of Yi Gae-yun (李愷胤). Dorgon married two Korean princesses at Lianshan. The Japanese may not have seen intermarriage between them and the royal dynasties of the Korean Empire damaging to their prestige either. According to the Shoku Nihongi , an imperially commissioned record of Japanese history completed in 797, Emperor Kanmu who ruled from 781 to 806
5168-505: Was a first-cousin once removed of his wife, Sirikit , the two being, respectively, a grandson and a great-granddaughter of Chulalongkorn . Chulalongkorn married a number of his half-sisters, including Savang Vadhana and Sunandha Kumariratana ; all shared the same father, Mongkut . He also married Dara Rasmi , a princess of a vassal state. The Lý dynasty which ruled Dai Viet (Vietnam) married its princesses off to regional rivals to establish alliances with them. One of these marriages
5244-453: Was between a Lý empress regnant ( Lý Chiêu Hoàng ) and a member of fishermen-turned-warlords Trần clan ( Trần Thái Tông ) from Nam Định , which enabled the Trần to then topple the Lý and established their own Trần dynasty . A Lý princess also married into the Hồ clan faction, which later usurped power and established the Hồ dynasty after having a Tran princess marry their leader, Hồ Quý Ly . The Cambodian King Chey Chettha II married
5320-443: Was made out of Han Chinese colonists and ruled by the Han Chinese Qu family which originated from Gansu. Jincheng commandery 金城 (Lanzhou), district of Yuzhong 榆中 was the home of the Qu Jia. The Qu family was linked by marriage alliances to the Turks, with a Turk being the grandmother of King Qu Boya. Tang dynasty (618–907) emperors exchanged and the rulers of the Uyghur Khaganate exchanged princesses in marriage to consolidate
5396-543: Was married to Nogai Khan of the Golden Horde , and his daughter Maria Palaiologina , was married to Abaqa Khan of the Ilkhanate . Later in the century, Andronikos II Palaiologos agreed to marital alliances with Ghazan of the Ilkhanate and Toqta and Uzbeg of the Golden Horde, which were quickly followed by their marriages to his daughters. The Grand Komnenoi of the Empire of Trebizond were famed for marrying their daughters to their neighbours as acts of diplomacy. Theodora Megale Komnene , daughter of John IV ,
5472-470: Was married to Uzun Hassan , lord of the Aq Qoyunlu , to seal an alliance between the Empire and the so-called White Sheep. Although the alliance failed to save Trebizond from its eventual defeat, and despite being a devout Christian in a Muslim state, Theodora did manage to exercise a pervasive influence both in the domestic and foreign actions of her husband. Their grandson Ismail I was the founder of
5548-458: Was married to Li Yongfang. The offspring of Li received the "Third Class Viscount" ( 三等子爵 ; sān děng zǐjué ) title. Li Yongfang was the great-great-great-grandfather of Li Shiyao 李侍堯 . The "efu" 額駙 rank was given to husbands of Qing princesses. Geng Zhongming , a Han bannerman, was awarded the title of Prince Jingnan, and his son Geng Jinmao managed to have both his sons Geng Jingzhong and Geng Zhaozhong 耿昭忠 become court attendants under
5624-496: Was political alliance: marriage was an important way to bind together royal families and their countries during peace and war and could justify many important political decisions. The increase in royal intermarriage often meant that lands passed into the hands of foreign houses, when the nearest heir was the son of a native dynasty and a foreign royal. Given the success of the Habsburgs' territorial acquisition-via-inheritance,
5700-671: Was the daughter of the King of Khotan married Cao Yanlu. The Khitan Liao dynasty arranged for women from the Khitan royal consort Xiao clan to marry members of the Han Chinese Han 韓 clan, which originated in Jizhou 冀州 before being abducted by the Khitan and becoming part of the Han Chinese elite of the Liao. Han Chinese Geng family intermarried with the Khitan and the Han 韓 clan provided two of their women as wives to Geng Yanyi and
5776-575: Was the son of a Korean concubine, Takano no Niigasa, who was descended from King Muryeong of Baekje , one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . In 1920, Crown Prince Yi Un of Korea married Princess Masako of Nashimoto and, in May 1931, Yi Geon , grandson of Gojong of Korea , was married to Matsudaira Yosiko, a cousin of Princess Masako. The Japanese saw these marriages as a way to secure their colonial rule of Korea and introduce Japanese blood in to
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