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47-475: The Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park is a technology park in the Pudong district of Shanghai , China. It is operated by Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Development Co., Ltd. The park specializes in research in life sciences, software, semiconductors, and information technology. As of 2009, there were 110 research and development institutions, 3,600 companies and 100,000 workers located in the technology park. In some circles

94-545: A memorial commemorating Chinese revolutionary martyrs, as well as those who have died fighting natural disasters in China. The Bund houses 52 buildings of various architectural styles, generally Eclecticist , but with some buildings displaying predominantly Romanesque Revival , Gothic Revival , Renaissance Revival , Baroque Revival , Neo-Classical or Beaux-Arts styles, and a number in Art Deco style (Shanghai has one of

141-545: A multitude of biotech firms, over a hundred of them being domestically owned companies. The 2013 founded ShanghaiTech University aims to be the academic center of the Zhanghjiang Hi-Tech Park, alongside satellite campuses of Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University . Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park can be reached via the inner or outer ring roads that serve the Shanghai metropolitan area. The park

188-583: A number of shared resources, such as incubators, programs and collaboration activities, uninterruptible power supply , telecommunications hubs, reception and security , management offices, bank offices, convention center , parking , and internal transportation. Science parks also aim to bring together people who assist the developers of technology to bring their work to commercial fruition, for example, experts in intellectual property law . They can be attractive to university students who may interact with prospective employers and encourage students to remain in

235-678: A pedestrian transit tunnel under the riverbed crosses the Huangpu River from the Bund. Passengers board slow-moving SK people movers which travel along the tunnel, with light effects projected onto the walls of the tunnel. These effects are marketed as a tourist attraction; the charge for the tunnel is ten times the fee for crossing the river on Line 2 and 20 times the 2 RMB fee for crossing by ferry. There are numerous studies in Chinese and English, and many popular representations . The Bund

282-493: A prominent percentage of consultancy firms, as well as technical service firms, including laboratories and quality control firms". The World Intellectual Property Organization defines Science technology parks as territories usually affiliated with a university or a research institution, which accommodate and foster the growth of companies based therein through technology transfer and open innovation . Some science parks include: The Bund (Shanghai) The Bund

329-400: A science park must: "have access to qualified research and development personnel in the areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity; be able to market its high valued products and services; have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial skills to firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises , lacking such a resource; be inserted in a society that allows for

376-570: A theory of "cross-fertilisation" where individuals could benefit mutually by the exchange of thoughts in many fields including culture, science and the arts. Science parks are elements of the infrastructure of the global " knowledge economy ". They provide concentration that foster innovation and the development and commercialization of technology and where governments, universities and private companies may collaborate. The developers work in fields such as information technology , pharmaceuticals , science and engineering . Science parks may also offer

423-405: Is 3.6 km from Nanpu Bridge and 13 km from People's Square . It is 9 km from The Bund . Longdong Avenue on the park's northern boundary is the main road connecting the inner ring road and Shanghai Pudong International Airport . Luonan Avenue on the park's western boundary is the feeder road connecting the inner ring road and outer ring road. Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park is located in

470-474: Is a waterfront area and a protected historical district in central Shanghai . The area centers on a section of Zhongshan Road (East Zhongshan Road No.1) within the former Shanghai International Settlement , which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River in the eastern part of Huangpu . The area along the river faces the modern skyscrapers of Lujiazui in Pudong . The Bund usually refers to

517-410: Is a largely circular road which formed the traditional conceptual boundary of Shanghai city "proper". To the west of this stretch of the road stands some 52 buildings of various Western classical and modern styles which is the main feature of the Bund (see Architecture and buildings below). To the east of the road was formerly a stretch of parkland culminating at Huangpu Park . (This park is the site of

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564-546: Is a setting (and namesake) of the Hong Kong television series The Bund (1980) and film Shanghai Grand (1996). The story of both involve pre- World War II era gangsters competing for control of the Bund. "The Bund" is a song composed by electronic music group The Shanghai Restoration Project released on the group's first eponymous release, inspired by the Shanghai jazz bands of the 1930s. An instrumental version of

611-713: Is also available. Technology park The world's first university research park, Stanford Research Park was launched in 1951 as a cooperative venture between Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto . Another early university research park was Research Triangle Park in North Carolina , which was launched in 1959. In 1969, Pierre Laffitte founded the Sophia Antipolis Science Park in France . Laffitte had travelled widely and developed

658-551: The Beaux Arts style sprang up in the years around the turn of the 20th century as the Bund developed into a major financial center of East Asia. Directly to the south, and just northeast of the old walled city, the former French Bund (the quai de France , part of the Shanghai French Concession ) was of comparable size to the Bund but functioned more as a working harbourside. By the 1940s, the Bund housed

705-473: The Pudong district . It is 21 km from Pudong Airport and 25 km from Hongqiao Airport . Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park can be reached by taking Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro to Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park station, Jinke Road , or Guanglan Road . An extension of Line 13 goes through the center of Zhangjiang. The Zhangjiang Tram system, which runs inside the zone and connects to the metro line

752-659: The Shanghai World Financial Center in Pudong and its observation deck on the 100th floor. The Bund stretches one mile (1.6 km) along the bank of the Huangpu River. Traditionally, the Bund begins at Yan'an Road (formerly Edward VII Avenue) in the south and ends at Waibaidu Bridge (formerly Garden Bridge) in the north, which crosses Suzhou Creek . The Bund centres on a stretch of the Zhongshan Road , named after Sun Yat-sen. Zhongshan Road

799-528: The 1930s, it was the rich and powerful center of the foreign establishment in Shanghai, operating as a legally protected treaty port . The term " bund " was borrowed into English from Hindustani : बंद / بند , romanized :  band , lit.   'enclosure; dam; embankment', originally referred to a dyke or embankment, which the Hindustani word itself comes from Classical Persian : بند , romanized :  band . Within

846-808: The 1980s, North Carolina State University , Raleigh lacked space. New possible sites included the state mental-health property and the Diocese of Raleigh property on 1,000 acres (4.0 km ) surrounding the Lake Raleigh Reservoir . The university's Centennial Campus was developed. Sandia Science and Technology Park , NASA Research Park at Ames and the East Tennessee Technology Park at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are examples of research parks that have been developed by or adjacent to US Federal government laboratories. Science and technology park (STP) activity across

893-459: The Bund and Pudong, which had served the area's original purpose, were removed. A number of pleasure cruises still operate from some nearby wharves. In the 1990s, the Shanghai government attempted to promote an extended concept of the Bund to boost tourism, and land value in nearby areas, as well as to reconcile the promotion of "colonial relics" with the Socialist ideology. In its expanded form,

940-461: The Bund was carried out. The first stage of the plan involved the southern end of the Bund, and saw the demolition of a section of the Yan'an Road elevated expressway, including removal of the large elevated expressway exit structure that formerly dominated the confluence of Yan'an Road and the Bund. A second phase involved the year-long restoration of the century-old Waibaidu Bridge at the northern end of

987-405: The Bund. In a third stage, the former 10-lane Bund roadway was reconstructed in two levels, with six lanes carried in a new tunnel. The vacated road space was used to widen the landscaped promenade along the waterfront. The new concrete bridge that was built in 1991 to relieve traffic on Waibaidu Bridge was rendered obsolete by the new double-levelled roadway, and demolished. The Bund was reopened to

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1034-453: The Bund. The most popular remaining ferry service runs from Jinling Road wharf, near the southern end of the Bund, to Dongchang Road wharf, at the southern end of Lujiazui across the river. A full fare ride on the ferry costs 2 RMB. A number of companies offer Huangpu River cruises (boat tours) departing from the wharf; all of the major buildings in the Bund, and in Pudong, are illuminated each evening. Bund Sightseeing Tunnel (外滩观光隧道),

1081-436: The Chinese treaty ports, it was applied specifically to an embanked quay which ran along the shore. The Chinese name for the Bund is unrelated in origin: it literally means "outer bank ", and distinguishes this part of the riverfront from the "inner bank" adjacent to the old city of Shanghai . The Shanghai Bund has dozens of historical buildings, lining the Huangpu River, that once housed numerous banks and trading houses from

1128-574: The European Union has approximately doubled over the last 11–12 years, driven by the growth of the longer standing parks and the emergence of new parks. There are now an estimated 366 STPs in the EU member states that manage about 28 million m2 of completed building floor space, hosting circa 40,000 organisations that employ approximately 750,000 people, mostly in high value added jobs. In the period from 2000 – 2012, total capital investment into EU STPs

1175-878: The United Kingdom, France, the United States, Italy, Russia, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, and Belgium, as well as the consulates of Russia and Britain, a newspaper, the Shanghai Club and the Masonic Club. The Bund lies north of the old, walled city of Shanghai. It was initially a British settlement; later the British and American settlements were combined in the International Settlement . Magnificent commercial buildings in

1222-565: The appearance of the Bund. Near the Nanjing Road intersection stands the only bronze statue along the Bund, a statue of military officer Chen Yi , who served as the first Communist mayor of Shanghai . At the northern end of The Bund, along the riverfront, is Huangpu Park , in which is situated the Shanghai People's Heroes Memorial Tower — a tall, abstract concrete tower constructed by the Shanghai government in 1993 to serve as

1269-409: The backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution or local university ; include in its management an active person of vision, with the power of decision and with the high and visible profile, who is perceived by relevant actors in society as embodying the interface between academia and industry , long-term plans and good management; and include

1316-406: The buildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas. This region has a significant European influence, with the style of many structures most comparable to that of European cities, particularly Gothic , Baroque , Neoclassical , Romanesque , Art Deco , and Renaissance architecture. Additionally, some of the city's top eateries are located there. From the 1860s to

1363-460: The flow of knowledge and technology amongst universities, R&D institutions, companies and markets; it facilitates the creation and growth of innovation-based companies through incubation and spin-off processes; and provides other value-added services together with high quality space and facilities.". The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm , was first presented by Regis Cabral in ten points in 1990. According to this management paradigm,

1410-623: The headquarters of many, if not most, of the major financial institutions operating in China, including the "big four" national banks in the Republic of China era. However, with the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War , many of these financial institutions were gradually moved to Hong Kong in the 1950s . Hotels and clubs were closed or converted to other uses. The statues of colonial figures and foreign worthies which had dotted

1457-1110: The industries which should have leading roles in innovation and that would drive future economic growth and higher employment in Zhangjiang Town and the Hi-Tech Park. The park is classified as a Special Economic Zone . Major companies that have a presence in the park include life science firms GSK , Roche , Eli Lilly , Pfizer , Novartis , GE , and AstraZeneca . Internet technology firms include Hewlett-Packard , Lenovo , Intel , and Infineon . Software firms include IBM , Citibank , eBay , Tata Consultancy Services , Infosys , and SAP AG . Chemical companies include Wison Group , DSM , Henkel , Dow , Dupont , and Rohm and Haas . Semiconductor firms include Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), Hua Hong NEC, Grace Semiconductor, Spreadtrum , and VeriSilicon. Other firms present include Asia-Pacific Software, Sony , Bearing Point , Kyocera , Cognizant , TCS China , Satyam and Applied Materials. There are also

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1504-420: The infamous sign reported to have proclaimed "no dogs or Chinese", although this exact wording never existed. Further information, including an image of the sign, can be found at the article on Huangpu Park.) This area is now much reduced due to the expansion of Zhongshan Road. Further east is a tall levee, constructed in the 1990s to ward off flood waters. The construction of this high wall has dramatically changed

1551-985: The landlords of attractive and well specified office style buildings. Rather, they are complex organisations, often with multiple owners having objectives aligned with important elements of economic development public policy as well as an imperative to be financially self-sustaining in the longer term. The Association of University Research Parks ( AURP ), is a non-profit association consisting of university-affiliated science parks, almost entirely based in North America. It defines "university research and science parks" as "property-based ventures with certain characteristics, including master planned property and buildings designed primarily for private/public research and development facilities, high technology and science based companies and support services; contractual, formal or operational relationships with one or more science or research institutions of higher education; roles in promoting

1598-815: The local area. Science parks may be designed to enhance the quality of life of the workers. For example, they might be built with sports facilities, restaurants, crèches or pleasant outdoor areas. Apart from tenants, science parks create jobs for the local community. Science parks are specific locations and differ from the wider area high-technology business districts in that they are more organized, planned, and managed. They differ from science centres in that they lead to commercialized products from research. They differ from industrial parks which focus on manufacturing and from business parks which focus on business office locations. Science parks are found worldwide. They are most common in developed countries . In North America there are over 170 science parks. For example, in

1645-414: The municipal government to construct a tall levee along the riverfront, with the result that the embankment now stands some 10 metres higher than street level. In the 1990s, Zhongshan Road (named after Sun Yat-sen ), the road on which the Bund is centred, was widened to ten lanes. As a result, most of the parkland which had existed along the road disappeared. Also in this period, the ferry wharves connecting

1692-533: The park and accepted payment for apartments with bitcoin . Shanda World opened in the park in 2018. In August 1999, the Shanghai Municipal Committee and Municipal Government developed a strategy and accompanying report called "Focus on Zhangjiang." The report identified that investments from the IC industry, the software industry, and the biomedical industry would be targeted. They were seen as

1739-893: The park is also known as China's Silicon Valley . The Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park was established in July 1992. It is situated in the Pudong New Area with a total area of 25 km (9.7 sq mi). In 2018, it has bases such as the National Shanghai Biomedical Science and Technology Industry Base, National Information Industry Base, National Integrated Circuit Industry Base, National Semiconductor Lighting Industry Base, National 863 Information Security Fruit Industrialization (Eastern) Base, National Software Industry Base, National Software Export Base, National Cultural Industry Model Base, National Online Games and Animation Industry Development Base. It also has

1786-703: The parks National Torch Entrepreneurship Park and National Overseas Student Pioneering Park. The park is made up of the following areas: the Technical Innovation Zone, the Hi-Tech Industry Zone, the Scientific Research and Education Zone, and the Residential Zone. The park's center area now has 400 research and development institutions. In 2013, Shanda opened sales of a real estate investment project in

1833-442: The protection of product or process secrets, via patents , security or any other means; be able to select or reject which firms enter the park". A science park should: "have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as the park's name choice, its logo or the management discourse; have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented long-term economic development plans; have

1880-436: The public on Sunday 28 March 2010 after restoration for the 2010 Expo . A stampede occurred on December 31, 2014, at 11:36 p.m. in the waterfront. At least 36 people were killed and 47 injured in the incident. The primary incident took place near Chen Yi Square , where a large crowd, estimated at around 300,000, had gathered for the new year celebration. The bund is one of the most prominent features when viewed from

1927-440: The richest collections of Art Deco architectures in the world). From the south, the main buildings are: While Shanghai Metro Line 2 crosses the Bund, there are no plans to build a station on the Bund. The closest station is East Nanjing Road , about a five-minute walk up Nanjing Road . East-1 Zhongshan Road is a major bus route. There were previously frequent ferry services operating by Shanghai Ferry from wharves on and near

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1974-451: The riverside were also removed. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the thawing of economic policy in the People's Republic of China , buildings on the Bund were gradually returned to their former uses. Government institutions were moved out in favour of financial institutions, while hotels resumed trading as such. Also during this period, a series of floods caused by typhoons motivated

2021-533: The term "Bund" (as "New Bund" or "Northern Bund") was used to refer to areas south of Yan'an Road , and a stretch of riverfront north of the Suzhou River ( Zhabei ). Such use of the term, however, remains rare outside of tourism literature. On March 28, 2010, the eve of the opening of the World Expo, the Bund fully completed its renovation project. From 2008, a major reconfiguration of traffic flow along

2068-425: The university's research and development through industry partnerships, assisting in the growth of new ventures and promoting economic development; roles in aiding the transfer of technology and business skills between university and industry teams and roles in promoting technology-led economic development for the community or region." The International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation ( IASP ),

2115-399: The worldwide network of science parks and areas of innovation, defines a science park as "an organisation managed by specialised professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. To enable these goals to be met, a Science Park stimulates and manages

2162-469: Was circa €11.7 billion (central estimate). During the same period, STPs spent circa €3 billion on the professional business support and innovation services they either deliver or finance to assist both their tenants and other similar knowledge based businesses in their locality. Increasingly, the reasons why STPs are sound investments for public sector support are becoming better understood and articulated. The evidence base shows that better STPs are not simply

2209-570: Was featured in the 1984 novel Empire of the Sun by British author J. G. Ballard , based on his experiences as a boy during the Japanese invasion and occupation. The book was made into a film by Steven Spielberg . The opening pages of the 1999 novel Cryptonomicon by Neal Stephenson are set on the Bund in November 1941, as civil order collapses under the threat of Japanese invasion. The Bund

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