A concert tour (or simply tour ) is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries or locations. Often, concert tours are named to differentiate different tours by the same artist and to associate a specific tour with a particular album or product. Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars in ticket revenues. A performer who embarks on a concert tour is called a touring artist .
51-756: The Ziggy Stardust Tour was a 1972–73 concert tour by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie , to promote the studio albums Hunky Dory , The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars and Aladdin Sane . Bowie was accompanied by his backing group, the Spiders from Mars , and integrated choreography, costumes and make-up into the live shows to make them a wider entertainment package. The tour generated significant press coverage, drawing positive reviews and launching Bowie to stardom. The tour covered
102-520: A $ 3.9 million renovation and restoration of Public Auditorium. The 1964 pavilion addition was demolished, and the building's west facade was restored. When the neighboring Crowne Plaza was sold and renovated as the Westin Hotel Cleveland in 2013, its new owners considered building a skywalk across East 6th Street connecting it to Public Auditorium. It was not constructed. Public Auditorium has hosted many notable events, including
153-408: A cocktail lounge, and a piano bar arranged around a central block. A corridor hugged the exterior wall of the old hall, providing access to the meeting rooms. This corridor had decorative stone panels on one side and painted wood on the other, and was lined with sturdy chair upholstered in luggage fabric. The old asphalt floor was covered with concrete, and then tiled and carpeted. Cove lighting lit
204-610: A concert venue declined sharply after the completion of the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University in 1991. The annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremonies have been held in Public Auditorium several times. In April 2009, it hosted the 24th induction ceremonies, the first open to the public. On April 14, 2012, the facility hosted the Hall of Fame's 27th induction ceremonies. On April 18, 2015,
255-484: A cream-colored travertine wainscoting topped by a band of polished stone. Fabric covered the walls above the bandk, and white wooden grills were used to help break up the space. A new terrazzo floor in pastel colors was also installed. Displays about where to eat, drink, and shop in downtown Cleveland were added to the lobby, as were several kiosks where airlines could assist convention-goers in making plane reservations. Six 20-foot (6.1 m) trees were planted inside
306-545: A major US tour that autumn. After several months on the road, Bowie took a break to revisit and re-rehearse the live show, to include greater theatrics and costume changes. Rehearsals took place at the Stratford Royal Theatre . The first concert after this was at the Rainbow Theatre on 19 August, where Bowie was simply billed as "Ziggy Stardust". A second show was added for the following day after
357-807: A new form of theatrical entertainment, a fusion of song, performance art, innovative stage craft, and state-of-the-art technology. She managed to popularize the Las Vegas residency as a desirable way for top artists to essentially tour in place, letting their fans come to them. American singer Lady Gaga , who cancelled the 2018 European leg of her Joanne World Tour , signed for a Las Vegas residency to help manage her fibromyalgia illness, which can be exacerbated by touring. The 2015 study by charity Help Musicians found that over 60% of musicians suffered from depression or other psychological issues, with touring an issue for 71% of respondents. Cleveland Music Hall Public Auditorium (also known as Public Hall )
408-480: A number of small trees in planters. A new Postmodern-style arch was constructed to mark the entrance to the north terrace. In 2008, all seats were replaced in the balcony. In 2010, the city sold the underground convention center to Cuyahoga County , which repurposed it to construct the new $ 465 million Cleveland Convention Center , connected to the Global Center for Health Innovation . The work included
459-542: A peak. I felt I couldn't go on stage in the same context again ... if I'm tired with what I'm doing wouldn't it be long before the audience realised." Bowie went to France to record his covers album Pin Ups in the second half of 1973, and then his album Diamond Dogs in early 1974. Bowie's next tour, a solo tour without the Spiders, was his Diamond Dogs Tour of 1974. According to biographer Nicholas Pegg: The Spiders from Mars Other musicians Other musicians on
510-453: A tour are denoted in different ways, dependent on the artist and type of tour, but the most common means of separating legs are dates (especially if there is a long break at some point), countries and/or continents, or different opening acts. In the largest concert tours, it has become more common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment, local to each geographical region. Concert tours are often administered on
561-485: Is Taylor Swift 's Eras Tour , with $ 2.089 billion earned from 125 shows. In 2024, Coldplay 's Music of the Spheres World Tour became the second tour to gross $ 1 billion in revenue. In third place is Elton John 's Farewell Yellow Brick Road , with a total gross of $ 939 million from 2018–2023. On fourth place is Ed Sheeran 's ÷ Tour , with a gross of $ 776.2 million. On fifth place
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#1732779786721612-400: Is U2 's 360° Tour , with $ 736.4 million. Global touring revenue reported to Billboard Boxscore exceeded $ 5.5 billion in 2016. Due to the collapse of record sales in the 21st century, concert tours have become a major source of income for recording artists. Besides the tickets, touring also generates money from the sales of merchandise and meet-and-greet packages. However,
663-443: Is a concert tour intended to signal the retirement of a singer, the disbanding of a band, or the end of a show's run. Many of the tours end up not being the last tour, with frequent regroupings, or revivals of shows. Luciano Pavarotti 's 2004 tour and Kenny Rogers 's 2015–2017 tour are examples of farewell tours which were the last to be staged before their deaths. As of October 2024, the highest-grossing concert tour of all time
714-525: Is a multi-purpose performing arts , entertainment , sports , and exposition facility located in the civic center district of downtown Cleveland , Ohio . The 10,000-capacity main auditorium shares its stage with a second venue housed at the facility: the 3,000-capacity Music Hall , and as of 2024 serves as the home arena to the Cleveland Charge of the NBA G League . Although Public Auditorium
765-439: Is a peculiar thing, it doesn't suit me particularly well. I'm a real homebody and I get so much joy in the small things." A concert residency concept is offered as an alternative to performers who just need to stay in one venue and the fans come to see them. The concept has been revitalized in the 21st century by Canadian superstar Céline Dion with the success of her A New Day... residency (2003–2007). Her residency introduced
816-437: Is a retrospective of her career to that point, where each act of the concert represents one of her albums . In another case, artists embark on a concert tour to celebrate the anniversary of their past albums, such as U2 's 2017 tour to mark the 30th anniversary of The Joshua Tree (1987) and Janet Jackson 's 2019 tour to commemorate the 30th anniversary of Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 (1989). A farewell tour
867-689: The 1924 and 1936 Republican National Conventions , General Eisenhower 's address on September 23, 1952, to 15,000 supporters immediately after Richard Nixon's successful Fund Speech , and the 1993 Cleveland Orchestra 75th anniversary concert. On December 14, 1936, 11,000 spectators watched as boxer Joe Louis fought and defeated Eddie Simms at the auditorium, with Louis knocking Simms out in only 26 seconds. In 1946, jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt made his American debut at Music Hall, accompanied by pianist Duke Ellington . Both Music Hall and Public Hall have served as venues for many rock and roll acts, including such legendary performers as Elvis Presley ,
918-530: The Manchester Free Trade Hall was only attended by a few hundred people, but at the end of the show, Bowie was carried out into the audience by fans. At the 17 June show at Oxford Town Hall , Bowie simulated fellatio on Ronson's guitar. The scene was photographed by Mick Rock and was published on the front cover of Melody Maker , greatly raising Bowie's profile in the UK. On the 25 June at
969-642: The Radio City Music Hall , New York, on 14 February, which saw fans queuing at 2:30 pm for an evening show. Bowie's costumes were designed by Kansai Yamamoto . During the end of set, he collapsed and had to be assisted. The tour subsequently moved to Japan. Bowie then travelled by ferry across the Sea of Japan to Vladivostok , and travelled on the Trans-Siberian Railway to Moscow in order to get back to Britain. During this time,
1020-720: The 1973 legs According to Kevin Cann: Bowie varied his setlist throughout the tour. A setlist from the tour would include any of the following songs: From David Bowie From The Man Who Sold the World From Hunky Dory From The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars From Aladdin Sane Other Notes Citations Sources Concert tour Different segments of longer concert tours are known as "legs". The different legs of
1071-815: The Beatles , The Doors , The Supremes , Jimi Hendrix , the Grateful Dead , Janis Joplin , and the Rolling Stones . Ozzy Osbourne 's live album Tribute was recorded at Music Hall in May 1981. Canadian hard rock band Triumph 's live album King Biscuit Flower Hour (In Concert) was recorded at Music Hall in October 1981. It also was the home for the Metropolitan Opera Spring Tour performances between 1924 and 1983. Its use as
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#17327797867211122-532: The Greyhound, Croydon, Bowie was supported by Roxy Music and Trapeze . The 15 July show at the Friars Aylesbury included several US music journalists in the audience, including Dave Marsh and Lillian Roxon . Bowie's management spent $ 25,000 (about $ 182,000 in today's dollars) to fly them, along with US representatives of their record label RCA Records , to preview his live work before starting
1173-413: The Spiders from Mars complained they were still on the same wages as when they had started playing with Bowie despite multiple sold-out shows. They re-negotiated their fees with Bowie's manager Tony Defries , but this caused a rift in the band. The final leg of the tour covered the UK and began on 12 May 1973 with a concert at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in front of an audience of 18,000. Police forced
1224-581: The UK, the US and Japan. It moved from small pub and club gigs at the beginning, to highly publicised sold-out shows at the end. At the tour's last gig at the Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July 1973, Bowie shocked fans by announcing that it was the last show he would do with the Spiders from Mars. The tour lasted a year and a half and included three legs in the UK, two in the US and one in Japan. The first show
1275-492: The balcony, the hall could seat 13,000. The main stage is 140 ft × 60 ft (43 m × 18 m) with a 72 ft × 42 ft (22 m × 13 m) proscenium arch. A key attraction was a spectacular pipe organ, Opus 328, the largest ever built at one time by E.M. Skinner with 10,010 pipes and 150 direct speaking stops. Below ground, a basement Exhibition Hall provided more than 28,500 sq ft (2,650 m ) of exhibition space. This space
1326-579: The city constructed a new underground convention center . The ballroom/exhibition space below Mall B was demolished and a much larger "Great Hall" (the convention center) built in its place. A tunnel was constructed below Lakeside Avenue to connect the new "Great Hall" to the Lakeside Exhibition Hall. On the west side of Public Auditorium, a four-story (one source says three-and-a-half story) modern glass and metal entrance pavilion added new lobby space for both buildings. From 1983 to 1987,
1377-463: The completed building was dedicated April 15, 1922. Smith & Oby was one local company involved in the project, at the time the largest convention hall in the United States. The main arena floor is 300 ft × 215 ft (91 m × 66 m) and 80 ft (24 m) high. No columns were used in its construction. With all its removable seats in place on the arena floor and in
1428-484: The convention center and Public Auditorium were both extensively renovated. The Exhibition Hall below Public Auditorium was radically changed, with a lobby/ballroom created out of former service space at the north end of the hall. A stone staircase was built in this area to connect the space to the hall above. This area could accommodate up to 2,000 people. The rest of the old Exhibition Hall was turned into 15 meeting rooms (ranging in size from 10 to 700 seats), office space,
1479-457: The corridor and meeting rooms. The Lakeside Exhibition Hall was converted into a ballroom with kitchen, and the north wall of the hall removed and replaced with a glass curtain wall that had views of Lake Erie . The bathrooms in Public Auditorium were renovated to make them accessible as well as modern, and all public spaces in Public Auditorium were retiled, repainted, and replastered, while furniture received new upholstery. The north terrace
1530-511: The entrance to the pavilion hung a 40-foot (12 m) sculpture. Consisting of a number of metal flags, it spun in the wind. Around Public Auditorium, new streetlight lampposts, based on a 1922 design, were manufactured and installed. The terraces on the north and south ends of Public Auditorium were also refurbished. Both received new stone paving and new wooden benches for seating, and the plain aluminum railings were painted to look like copper . The terraces were made more friendly by also adding
1581-496: The facility hosted the 30th anniversary induction ceremonies. On April 14, 2018, the facility hosted the 33rd anniversary induction ceremonies. Public Auditorium was occasionally used as a home court for the Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball team between 1981 and 1989 until the opening of the Wolstein Center . The Mid-American Conference women's basketball tournament was held in the auditorium in 2000,
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1632-580: The first one sold out. Pianist Nicky Graham was added to the band line-up for these shows. The first leg in the US began in September 1972. Bowie travelled there by boat as he did not like flying. Bowie and the Spiders from Mars played their first US show in the Cleveland Music Hall on 22 September. It was also pianist Mike Garson 's debut. Six days later, Bowie played a sold-out show at Carnegie Hall . The concerts drew rave reviews from
1683-481: The front cover of Rolling Stone . The year ended with a short UK leg, which carried over into the start of 1973. Bowie played two shows at the Rainbow just before Christmas, and asked the audience to bring toys along to the concert that could be redistributed to children. The mid-show acoustic set that had been part of all the gigs until then was discarded, and Bowie with the Spiders played just an electric set. At
1734-430: The lobby to make it more inviting, and new paving and exterior lighting were installed outside the pavilion. A number of changes were made to the landscape around Public Auditorium. New signage with contemporary graphics were installed throughout the area. The pedestrian bridge over E. Mall Drive, which connected the upper level of the reception pavilion to Mall B, was reconfigured into a small plaza with flagpoles. Over
1785-434: The local level by concert promoters or by performing arts presenters . Usually, small concert tours are managed by a road manager whereas large concert tours are managed by a tour manager . The main challenge in concert tours is how to move the performance's logistics from one venue to another venue, especially for a transcontinental tour. Tour logistics should be very organized and everything has to happen on time and in
1836-630: The plaques it has awarded in the lobby at the Lakeside Avenue entrance to the Cleveland Public Auditorium. In 1928, the Music Hall and Little Theater were added at the south end of Public Auditorium, and a terrace added to the north end. The stage between the main hall and Music Hall was shared by both halls by employing a curtain system. In 1936, two underground spaces were added to Public Auditorium. The ballroom
1887-485: The press and led to the tour being extended for a further two months. A concert on 20 October at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was broadcast on radio, and heavily bootlegged before finally being released semi-officially in 1994 as Santa Monica '72 and officially in 2008 as Live Santa Monica '72 . The press coverage of the tour turned Bowie into a star in the US and he was featured on
1938-474: The right order as planned. Autoweek magazine estimated 30 to 50 trucks were required by Taylor Swift 's The 1989 World Tour to bring all the stage, sound equipment, instruments, props, and clothes. When Beyoncé visited the United Kingdom with her 2016 The Formation World Tour , it took seven Boeing 747 air freighters and a fleet of more than 70 trucks to get her stage set and other gear to
1989-418: The show to stop for 15 minutes while they battled with fans trying to storm the stage. Mick and Bianca Jagger attended the show. The concert was fraught with technical difficulties and an inadequate PA system, leading to disgruntled fans. The last performance at the Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July was filmed by D. A. Pennebaker . Woodmansey recalled the show was one of the best the band had played, because it
2040-534: The stage clothes Bowie asked them to wear, but quickly changed their minds after they realised the attention it gave them with female fans. The second show was at the Toby Jug pub in Tolworth on 10 February, where Bowie unveiled his " Ziggy Stardust " persona for the first time in front of an audience of around 60. Early shows had a similar attendance, but this increased as the tour progressed. The 20 April show at
2091-402: The start of 1973, Bowie called his friend Geoffrey MacCormack , saying he wanted to expand the musical line-up on stage, and asked if he would be a backing vocalist and travel with him. Another friend, John Hutchinson was recruited as an additional rhythm guitarist; the pair had previously collaborated on the demo of " Space Oddity ". The second US leg began in early 1973 with a sell-out show at
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2142-486: The time, the shows featured a theatrical element with a rough storyline, and several make-up and costume changes. Bowie wanted the shows to be entertainment and to be outrageous, which the Beatles and the Rolling Stones had been at one time, and collaborated with mime artist Lindsay Kemp with the on-stage choreography. Looking for a change of image, Bowie asked local hairdresser Suzi Fussey to cut his long blond hair, later dyeing it red. Some group members were unsure about
2193-499: The touring business suffered in the early 2020s because of the COVID-19 pandemic . Pollstar estimated the total lost revenue for the industry in 2020 at more than $ 30 billion. The mobility of concert tours requires a lot of costs, time, and energy. It is very common for musicians to not see family members for over a year during their touring. British singer Adele expressed her unhappiness of concert tours, saying "Touring
2244-591: The tournament's first year in Cleveland. Public Hall hosted two athletic events in 2014, the first being a Fed Cup series between the United States and Italy in February, followed by the 2014 NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships in March. The Cleveland Charge of the NBA G League announced on June 4, 2024, they would be moving their home games to Public Auditorium beginning with the 2024–25 season, leaving
2295-577: The venues. The logistics phase of that tour did not include transportation of the backstage staff, musicians, performers, and the singer herself. The majority of concert tours are part of a promotional campaign to support an album release. Hence, new songs from the respective album are included on its tour's setlist . Some tours are known as "greatest hits tours" or "reunion tour" without any new material or specific album release, such as Fleetwood Mac 's 2009 Unleashed tour and No Doubt 's 2009 Summer Tour . Taylor Swift 's The Eras Tour (2023–2024)
2346-755: Was built beneath Mall B of the Cleveland Mall , while the Lakeside Exhibition Hall (also known as the North Exhibition Hall) was built below Mall C between the Cuyahoga County Courthouse and Cleveland City Hall . The seating capacity of the main auditorium, including the main floor and the U-shaped balcony, was eventually reduced to about 10,000. Music Hall seats 3,000, and the Little Theater 600. In 1964,
2397-519: Was close to their London base and almost the end of an exhausting tour. Towards the end of the show, Bowie announced "not only is it the last show of the tour, but it's the last show that we'll ever do". Ronson had been told in advance by Bowie that the Spiders from Mars would split, but the announcement took Bolder and Woodmansey by surprise. By the end of the final leg, Bowie had grown weary of playing Ziggy Stardust, saying "I had an awful lot of fun doing [Ziggy] ... but my performance on stage reached
2448-594: Was on 29 January 1972 at the Borough Assembly Hall, Aylesbury , and featured Bowie with his backing group the Spiders from Mars : guitarist Mick Ronson , bassist Trevor Bolder and drummer Mick Woodmansey . Audio engineer Robin Mayhew had started working on the PA and sound equipment since the end of the previous year, and was the principal sound engineer for the entire tour. Unlike typical rock concerts at
2499-407: Was planned and funded prior to World War I , construction did not begin until 1920, and the building did not open until 1922. Designed by city architect J. Harold McDowell and Frank Walker of Walker and Weeks in a neoclassical style matching the other Group Plan buildings, it was the largest of its kind when opened, then seating 11,500. The auditorium cornerstone was laid October 20, 1920, and
2550-554: Was reached by an elegant stone staircased with bronze lights which led down from Public Auditorium's lobby. But the exhibition space itself was uninviting. It had an asphalt floor, was undecorated, and was interrupted by more than 40 columns. Cleveland's Public Auditorium was considered so advanced architecturally that it became the model for similar public auditoriums in Atlantic City and Philadelphia . The Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame displays duplicates of many of
2601-583: Was rebuilt in four different colors of granite. New taxicab stands were built at each end of Public Auditorium, and small gardens placed at each end of each taxi stand. The overall decorating scheme featured colors of muted beige, blue, gray, green, and rose. The reception pavilion received a $ 1.8 million ($ 4,827,417 in 2023 dollars) overhaul. Its exterior metal façade was removed and replaced with beige limestone . The glass curtain wall received new mechanical louvers. The interior wall coverings of dark wood paneling and bronzed aluminum were replaced with
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