The Zuni Indian Reservation , also known as Pueblo of Zuni , is the homeland of the Zuni tribe of Native Americans . In Zuni language , the Zuni Pueblo people are referred to as A:shiwi , and the Zuni homeland is referred to as Halona Idiwan’a meaning Middle Place.
15-675: The reservation lies in the Zuni River valley and is located primarily in McKinley and Cibola counties in western New Mexico , about 150 miles (240 km) west of Albuquerque . There are also several smaller non-contiguous sections in Apache County, Arizona , northwest of the city of St. Johns . The main part of the reservation borders the state of Arizona to the west and the Ramah Navajo Reservation to
30-668: A drainage basin in New Mexico of approximately 1,300 square miles (3,400 km ). The Zuñi River begins about 4.5 miles east-northeast of Black Rock at the confluence of the Rio Pescado and Rio Nutria . It was dammed at Black Rock in 1908 forming the Black Rock Reservoir. The river has a small dam at the Zuni Pueblo . The river is intermittent, drying up during drought periods, and often during most of
45-764: A six-member Tribal Council with elections being held every four years. The governor is the administrative head of the Tribal Council, which is the final decision-making body on the reservation. The council oversees finances, business decisions, taxes and contracts. The sections in Cibola and McKinley counties in New Mexico are zoned to the Zuni Public Schools . Zuni High School is the zoned high school. 35°01′05″N 108°48′45″W / 35.01806°N 108.81250°W / 35.01806; -108.81250 Zuni River The Zuni (Zuñi) River
60-609: Is a genus of ceratopsian dinosaurs that lived during the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now New Mexico , United States . Only a single species is known, Zuniceratops christopheri . Zuniceratops was discovered in 1996, by eight-year-old Christopher James Wolfe, son of paleontologist Douglas G. Wolfe , in the Moreno Hill Formation in west-central New Mexico where one skull and
75-618: Is a non- ceratopsid neoceratopisan, closely related to Turanoceratops : Graciliceratops Bagaceratops Protoceratops Zuniceratops Turanoceratops Ceratopsidae Leptoceratopsidae Specimens of Zuniceratops are known from the Moreno Hill Formation which documents a time of tectonic upheaval, volcanic activities, humid paleoclimate, and North American coastal margin shifts. Other dinosaurs fossils recovered from this formation are Suskityrannus , Nothronychus , Jeyawati , and undescribed ankylosaur remains. Three groups of turtle fossils have been reported:
90-924: Is a tributary of the Little Colorado River in the southwestern United States. It has its origin in Cibola County, New Mexico , in the Zuñi Mountains at the Continental Divide . The river flows off the western slopes of the Zuñi Mountains in a generally southwesterly direction through the Zuni Indian Reservation to join the Little Colorado River in eastern Arizona . The Zuni River is approximately 90 miles (140 km) long, and has
105-454: Is long and low with no nasal horn, but bears a well-developed pair of brow horns that are similar to those of chasmosaurs and primitive centrosaurs, showing that brow horns are plesiomorphic traits. Zuniceratops was a relatively small ceratopsian, measuring about 2.2 meters (7.2 ft) long and weighing around 175 kilograms (386 lb). The basal skull length is estimated up to 40 centimetres (1.3 ft). The partial proximal parietal
120-523: Is shown to have an inverted "T" shape, as in Protoceratops . Although the first specimen discovered had single-rooted teeth (unusual for ceratopsians), larger fossils had double-rooted teeth, showing that the teeth became double-rooted with age and that it is a plesiomorphic trait. Zuniceratops is an example of the evolutionary transition between early ceratopsians and the later, larger ceratopsids that had very large horns and frills, supporting
135-528: The 2010 census . Almost all of the population lives in the reservation headquarters community of Zuni Pueblo , located near the reservation's center, or in nearby Black Rock , to its east. Also on the main reservation are the Hawikuh Ruins . The ancient Zuni pueblo of Hawikuh was the largest of the Seven Cities of Cibola . It was established in the 13th century and abandoned in 1680. It was also
150-1821: The Zuni people . Every four years, a religious pilgrimage is made on the "Barefoot Trail" to Kołuwala:wa , also called "Zuni Heaven", at the confluence of the Zuni River and the Little Colorado. Download coordinates as: 34°38′46″N 109°37′32″W / 34.646144°N 109.625664°W / 34.646144; -109.625664 34°38′59″N 109°30′02″W / 34.649754°N 109.500663°W / 34.649754; -109.500663 34°39′42″N 109°22′32″W / 34.661701°N 109.375656°W / 34.661701; -109.375656 34°43′47″N 109°15′02″W / 34.729759°N 109.250650°W / 34.729759; -109.250650 34°45′00″N 109°13′40″W / 34.750037°N 109.227872°W / 34.750037; -109.227872 34°49′48″N 109°07′31″W / 34.830036°N 109.125369°W / 34.830036; -109.125369 34°52′30″N 109°02′32″W / 34.875036°N 109.04231°W / 34.875036; -109.04231 34°57′37″N 109°00′02″W / 34.960312°N 109.000641°W / 34.960312; -109.000641 35°00′00″N 108°59′05″W / 35.000033°N 108.984807°W / 35.000033; -108.984807 35°03′30″N 108°52′31″W / 35.058366°N 108.875362°W / 35.058366; -108.875362 35°06′38″N 108°42′56″W / 35.110588°N 108.715637°W / 35.110588; -108.715637 ( Zuñi River source ) Zuniceratops Zuniceratops ('Zuni-horned face')
165-492: The bones from several individuals have been found. This discovery of Zuniceratops bonebed has been suggested as one of the evidence for the claim that grouping behavior could be a synapomorphic trait for ceratopsians. In 2001, a bone believed to be a squamosal has since been found to be an ischium of a Nothronychus . The holotype specimen, MSM P2101 , is either a juvenile or a subadult, while other specimens like MSM P2101 and MSM P3812 belong to adults. The skull
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#1732781087593180-669: The east. The main reservation is surrounded by the Painted Cliffs , the Zuni Mountains , and the Cibola National Forest . The reservation's total land area is 723.343 sq mi (1,873.45 km). As noted above, the Zuni Tribe also has land holdings in Apache County , Arizona, and Catron County , New Mexico, that do not border the main reservation. The population was reported at 7,891 inhabitants in
195-604: The first pueblo seen by the Spanish explorers. The African scout Estevanico was the first non-Native to reach this area. The largest town on the reservation is Zuni Pueblo , which is seat of Tribal government. Also on the reservation are the towns of Black Rock and Pescado . There is a branch campus of the University of New Mexico located in Zuni. The Zuni Tribe is governed by an elected governor, lieutenant governor, and
210-427: The theory that the lineage of ceratopsian dinosaurs may have been North American in origin. Re-examinations of Turanoceratops and Zuniceratops , which are known as two critical ceratopsian taxa regarding the evolutionary history of ceratopsids, showed that the origin of ceratopsids is unrelated to, and older than the fossil record of Protoceratops and relatives. Phylogenetic analysis reveal that Zuniceratops
225-480: The winter, except where there are perennial springs that give it surface flow for a short distance. The Zuni Basin is home to the Moreno Hill Formation where fossils from the later Cretaceous 92 Mya. Fossils include dinosaurs like Zuniceratops and Suskityrannus (Zuni Coelurosaur). The Zuni River is one of the last remaining habitats of the Zuni bluehead sucker . The Zuni River is sacred to
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