The Z22 was the seventh computer model Konrad Zuse developed (the first six being the Z1 , Z2 , Z3 , Z4 , Z5 and Z11 , respectively). One of the early commercial computers, the Z22's design was finished about 1955. The major version jump from Z11 to Z22 was due to the use of vacuum tubes , as opposed to the electromechanical systems used in earlier models. The first machines built were shipped to Berlin and Aachen .
16-630: By the end of 1958 the ZMMD-group had built a working ALGOL 58 compiler for the Z22 computer. ZMMD was an abbreviation for Zürich (where Rutishauser worked), München (workplace of Bauer and Samelson), Mainz (location of the Z22 computer), Darmstadt (workplace of Bottenbruch). In 1961, the Z22 was followed by a logically very similar transistorized version, the Z23 . Already in 1954, Zuse had come to an agreement with Heinz Zemanek that his Zuse KG would finance
32-531: A Z22 was: The Z22 operated at 3 kHz operating frequency , which was synchronous with the speed of the drum storage. The input of data and programs was possible via punch-tape reader and console commands. The Z22 also had glow-lamps which showed the memory state and machine state as output. The Z22 was designed to be easier to program than previous first generation computers . It was programmed in machine code with 38-bit instruction words, consisting of five fields: The 18-bit instruction field did not contain
48-521: A single opcode, but each bit controlled one functional unit of the CPU. Instructions were constructed from these. For example, the bit 'A' meaning to add the content of a memory location to the accumulator could be combined with `N` Nullstellen (zeroing) to turn the Add instruction into a Load. Many combinations are quite unusual by modern standards, like 'LLRA 4' means "multiply the accumulator by three". There also
64-491: Is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages . It was an early compromise design soon superseded by ALGOL 60 . According to John Backus : The Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference had two principal motives in proposing the IAL: (a) To provide a means of communicating numerical methods and other procedures between people, and (b) To provide a means of realizing a stated process on a variety of machines... ALGOL 58 introduced
80-545: The ZKM in Karlsruhe . Altogether 55 Z22 computers were produced. In the 1970s, clones of the Z22 using TTL were built by the company Thiemicke Computer . The typical setup of a Z22 was: The Z22 operated at 3 kHz operating frequency , which was synchronous with the speed of the drum storage. The input of data and programs was possible via punch-tape reader and console commands. The Z22 also had glow-lamps which showed
96-488: The German Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik ("Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics") (GAMM). It was decided to organize a joint meeting to combine them. The meeting took place from May 27 to June 2, 1958, at ETH Zurich and was attended by the following people: The language was originally proposed to be called IAL ( International Algebraic Language ) but according to Perlis, this
112-533: The Z22 computer), Darmstadt (workplace of Bottenbruch). ALGOL 58 saw some implementation effort at IBM , but the effort was in competition with FORTRAN , and soon abandoned. It was also implemented at Dartmouth College on an LGP-30 , but that implementation soon evolved into ALGOL 60 . An implementation for the Burroughs 220 called BALGOL evolved along its own lines as well, but retained much of ALGOL 58's original character. ALGOL 58's primary contribution
128-406: The Z22 computer), Darmstadt (workplace of Bottenbruch). In 1961, the Z22 was followed by a logically very similar transistorized version, the Z23 . Already in 1954, Zuse had come to an agreement with Heinz Zemanek that his Zuse KG would finance the work of Rudolf Bodo, who helped Zemanek build the early European transistorized computer Mailüfterl , and that after that project Bodo should work for
144-491: The Zuse KG—there he helped build the transistorized Z23. Furthermore, all circuit diagrams of the Z22 were supplied to Bodo and Zemanek. The University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe still has an operational Z22 which is on permanent loan at the ZKM in Karlsruhe . Altogether 55 Z22 computers were produced. In the 1970s, clones of the Z22 using TTL were built by the company Thiemicke Computer . The typical setup of
160-553: The bit 'A' meaning to add the content of a memory location to the accumulator could be combined with `N` Nullstellen (zeroing) to turn the Add instruction into a Load. Many combinations are quite unusual by modern standards, like 'LLRA 4' means "multiply the accumulator by three". There also was an assembly-like programming language called "Freiburger Code". It was designed to make writing programs for solving mathematical problems easier than writing machine code, and reportedly did so. ALGOL 58 ALGOL 58 , originally named IAL ,
176-508: The early commercial computers, the Z22's design was finished about 1955. The major version jump from Z11 to Z22 was due to the use of vacuum tubes , as opposed to the electromechanical systems used in earlier models. The first machines built were shipped to Berlin and Aachen . By the end of 1958 the ZMMD-group had built a working ALGOL 58 compiler for the Z22 computer. ZMMD was an abbreviation for Zürich (where Rutishauser worked), München (workplace of Bauer and Samelson), Mainz (location of
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#1732786982843192-562: The fundamental notion of the compound statement , but it was restricted to control flow only, and it was not tied to identifier scope in the way that Algol 60's blocks were. Bauer attributes the name to Hermann Bottenbruch , who coined the term algorithmic language (algorithmische Sprache) in 1957, "at least in Germany". There were proposals for a universal language by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and also by
208-403: The memory state and machine state as output. The Z22 was designed to be easier to program than previous first generation computers . It was programmed in machine code with 38-bit instruction words, consisting of five fields: The 18-bit instruction field did not contain a single opcode, but each bit controlled one functional unit of the CPU. Instructions were constructed from these. For example,
224-403: The work of Rudolf Bodo, who helped Zemanek build the early European transistorized computer Mailüfterl , and that after that project Bodo should work for the Zuse KG—there he helped build the transistorized Z23. Furthermore, all circuit diagrams of the Z22 were supplied to Bodo and Zemanek. The University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe still has an operational Z22 which is on permanent loan at
240-471: Was rejected as an "'unspeakable' and pompous acronym". ALGOL was suggested instead, though not officially adopted until a year later. The publication following the meeting still used the name IAL. By the end of 1958 the ZMMD-group had built a working ALGOL 58 compiler for the Z22 computer. ZMMD was an abbreviation for Zürich (where Rutishauser worked), München (workplace of Bauer and Samelson), Mainz (location of
256-520: Was to later languages; it was used as a basis for JOVIAL , MAD , NELIAC and ALGO . It was also used during 1959 to publish algorithms in CACM , beginning a trend of using ALGOL notation in publication that continued for many years. Z22 (computer) The Z22 was the seventh computer model Konrad Zuse developed (the first six being the Z1 , Z2 , Z3 , Z4 , Z5 and Z11 , respectively). One of
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