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31-603: The Zwin inlet was formed originally by a storm that broke through the Flemish coast in 1134 , creating a tidal channel that reached some 15 km inland and was also connected, through another channel, to the mouth of the Scheldt further north-east. The new waterway offered access to the sea to the inland city of Bruges , which consequently rose to become one of the foremost medieval port cities of Europe. The towns of Damme , Sluis and Sint Anna ter Muiden were also located on

62-663: A tidal bulge until great dams and sea walls were built as shown in the North Sea flood of 1953 . A series of marine transgressions followed (in specialist academic literature called Dunkirk 0 through to Dunkirk IIIb) characterised by a rising water table and floods that left layers of clay on the land. The heaviest blow came with the "Dunkirk II transgression" that began in the 3rd century and continually worsened, leaving such low land uninhabitable, c.  350– c.  700 CE . People were forced to abandon their homes and emigrate. Archaeologists find evidence for this across

93-536: A strip of land bordering the Belgian region of Flanders , the Zeelandic Flanders . The province of Zeeland has 13 municipalities : The largest cities are: Middelburg with 42,000 inhabitants; Vlissingen with 34,000; Goes with 28,000; and Terneuzen with 25,000. As of 1 January 2023, Zeeland had a population of 391,124 and a population density of 220/km (570/sq mi). It is the least populous and

124-693: A vital part of the province's road system were constructed over the span of decades and came to replace old ferry lines. The final touch to this process came in 2003 when the Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the Western Scheldt and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland. Zeeland consists of several islands and peninsulas. These are, from north to south, Schouwen-Duiveland , Tholen , Noord-Beveland , Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland . It also includes

155-430: Is 2,933 square kilometres (1,132 sq mi), of which 1,154 square kilometres (446 sq mi) is water; it had a population of about 391,000 as of January 2023. Large parts of Zeeland are below sea level. The last great flooding of the area was in 1953 . Tourism is an important economic activity. In the summer, its beaches make it a popular destination for tourists, especially German tourists. In some areas,

186-520: Is also popular with bird watchers. There is a small zoo with some major domestic birds and it is one of the few places in Belgium with a population of white storks . In March 1986 it was declared a Wetland of International Importance . The Battle of Damme was fought on 30 May and 31 May 1213. The success of the English raids ended the threat of a French invasion of England. The Battle of Sluys

217-522: Is debated. The cause of each is also somewhat debated, however tidal bulges have been a continuing cyclical problem of the North Sea in the centuries since. The main parts of the Low Countries were lightly populated until about 200 BC , when the climate and environment became more amenable to human habitation. Conditions remained favourable until 250 AD, and the region became densely populated. Fens below sea level were highly vulnerable to

248-533: Is in the other part, western North Brabant , and enlarged further in 1955, gaining territory from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem–Amsterdam . The States of Zeeland is the provincial council of Zeeland. As of the 2023 provincial election , the governing coalition consists of the BBB , SGP , CDA , and VVD , with 23 of 39 seats. The Provincial executive ( Gedeputeerde Staten ) of Zeeland

279-558: Is one passenger railway line, running from Flushing to Roosendaal. It serves the following stations in Zeeland: Bus lines in Zeeland include: Nehalennia is a mythological goddess of an ancient religion known around the province of Zeeland. Her worship dates back at least to the 2nd century BC, and flourished in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. She was possibly a regional god, either Celtic or pre- Germanic – but sources differ on

310-579: Is the executive branch of the province, which consists of several ministers and the King's commissioner of Zeeland. Han Polman ( D66 ) has been the commissioner since 2013. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 13.6 billion € in 2018, accounting for 1.8% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €30,900, or 102% of the EU27 average that year. There

341-466: The 3rd least densely populated province of the Netherlands. Religion in Zeeland (2015) Zeeland is more religious than the Netherlands as a whole, with over 53% being religious. The Dutch Bible Belt runs through Zeeland. Zeelandic Flanders is more religious (58.5%) than the rest of Zeeland (51.6%). Among the religious population, Reformed Christianity (Calvinism) is dominant. About 16% of residents are Roman Catholic . After being long part of

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372-455: The Antillian island of Tobago , were both named after parts of Zeeland. The Canadian town of Zealand, New Brunswick , was named for the Zeeland birthplace of Dutchman Philip Crouse who settled in the area in 1789. Zeeland, North Dakota is another town named for this province and whose earliest settlers were of Dutch heritage. Paramaribo , the capital and largest city of Suriname , has

403-528: The Carolingian Era . Zones with river clay were so regularly deposited with alluvial silt that habitation was almost impossible between the years 250 and 650. Soil survey evidences and relative lack of human occupation artefacts leads scientists to theorise the Netherlands was largely underwater between the mid-third-century and 1050. This more narrow geographic range of depopulation covers

434-645: The North Sea and adjoining low land. Most of this land is vulnerable to such events being below or approximately at sea level . Three events and mass evacuations, at least, are seen, some stretching to land above-sea level today. The events affected the Low Countries and other land near the German Bight , Thames Estuary and The Wash . They spanned from the late Roman period until Early Medieval Europe . The exact scale of each event with notable human impact in duration, being hypothetically determined,

465-814: The French occupation (see département Bouches-de-l'Escaut ) and the formation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the present province Zeeland was formed. During World War II, Zeeland was occupied by Nazi Germany between June 1940 and November 1944. In 1944, Zeeland was devastated by the Battle of the Scheldt and the Walcheren Landings , which brought about the Inundation of Walcheren , between British and Canadian forces, and

496-648: The Netherlands in its Golden Age were Holland and Zeeland, and the Dutch explorers originally named the largest landmass of Oceania and the two islands to the southeast Nieuw Holland and Nieuw Zeeland, respectively. The former was eventually replaced by the name Australia, but the name New Zealand remained in place for the latter. Captain James Cook of Britain later anglicised the name to New Zealand and, after British settlers arrived in New Zealand, English became

527-598: The Rhine/Meuse delta ( Zeeland , Brabant , parts of South Holland and Limburg ); Friesland ; Groningen ; Ostfriesland , German Friesland and the Weser / Jade estuary ; and Dithmarschen , Eiderstedt and Nordfriesland . Across the Rhine/Meuse delta, the population became scant. Between the 5th and 7th centuries there were few centers of population there, and in the estuarine and peat areas no settlements have been found. The area would not be repopulated until

558-847: The Seventeen Provinces became the property of the Habsburgs in 1477. In the Eighty Years' War , Zeeland was on the side of the Union of Utrecht , and became one of the United Provinces . The area now called Zeeuws-Vlaanderen (or Zeelandic Flanders ) was not part of Zeeland, but a part of the county of Flanders (still under Habsburg control) that was conquered by the United Provinces, hence called Staats-Vlaanderen (see: Generality Lands ). After

589-645: The Zwin. However, from the late 13th century onwards, the channel was affected by progressive silting , which from around 1500 caused the waterway to become unusable and cut off the harbour of Bruges from the sea. The present-day nature reserve was founded in 1952. It has an area of 1.25 square kilometres in Knokke-Heist , Belgium and 0.33 square kilometres in Sluis , Netherlands . It is famous for its large variety in salt-resistant flora , such as sea lavender . It

620-667: The culture that first worshipped her. During the Roman era , her main function appeared to be the protection of travelers, especially seagoing travelers crossing the North Sea . Most of what is known about her mythology comes from the remains of carved stone offerings ( votives ) which have been dredged up from the Oosterschelde (Eastern Scheldt) since 1870. Two more Nehalennia offering stones have also been found in Cologne , Germany. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant and BN/De Stem are

651-539: The east, South Holland to the north, as well as the country of Belgium to the south and west. It consists of a number of islands and peninsulas (hence its name, meaning "Sealand") and a strip bordering the Flemish provinces of East and West Flanders . Its capital is Middelburg with a population of 48,544 as of November 2019, although the largest municipality in Zeeland is Terneuzen (population 54,589). Zeeland has two seaports : Vlissingen and Terneuzen. Its area

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682-537: The hands of both people and nature. The North Sea flood of 1953 inundated vast amounts of land that were only partially reclaimed. The subsequent construction of the Delta Works also changed the face of the province. The infrastructure, although very distinct by the number of bridges, tunnels and dams, has not shaped the geography of the province so much as the geography of the province has shaped its infrastructure. The dams, tunnels and bridges that are currently

713-594: The last count of Holland died. The Counts of Hainaut then gained control of the County of Zeeland , followed by the counts of Bavaria , Burgundy , and Habsburg . After 1585, Zeeland followed, as one of the 7 independent provinces, the fate of the Northern part of The Netherlands. In 1432, it became part of the Low Countries possessions of Philip the Good of Burgundy , the later Seventeen Provinces . Through marriage,

744-582: The main language. The city of Zeeland in the US state of Michigan was settled in 1847 by Dutchman Jannes van de Luyster and was incorporated in 1907. Flushing , a neighborhood within the borough of Queens , New York, is named after the city Flushing (Vlissingen in Dutch) in Zeeland. This dates from the period of the colony of New Netherland , when New York was still known as New Amsterdam . The Dutch colonies of Nieuw Walcheren and Nieuw Vlissingen , both on

775-402: The occupying Germans. The catastrophic North Sea flood of 1953 , which killed over 1800 people in Zeeland, led to the construction of the protective Delta Works . The province of Zeeland is a large river delta situated at the mouth of several major rivers, namely Scheldt ('Schelde'), Rhine ('Rijn') and Meuse ('Maas'). Most of the province lies below sea level and was reclaimed from

806-422: The population can be two to four times higher during the high summer season. The coat of arms of Zeeland shows a lion half-emerged from water, and the text luctor et emergo ( Latin for "I struggle and emerge"). The country of New Zealand was named after Zeeland after it was sighted by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman . Zeeland was a contested area between the counts of Holland and Flanders until 1299, when

837-541: The regional daily newspapers in the province. The first westerners to sight New Zealand were captained by Dutch navigator Abel Tasman in 1642, although he did not land there. Tasman named it Staten Landt , believing it to be part of the land of that name off the coast of Argentina that is now known as Isla de los Estados . When that was shown not to be so, Dutch authorities named it Nova Zeelandia in Latin , Nieuw Zeeland in Dutch. The two major seafaring provinces of

868-427: The sea by inhabitants over time. What used to be a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry at all times. The people of the province would later connect the hills by creating dikes , which led to a chain of dry land that later grew into bigger islands and gave the province its current shape. The shape of the islands has changed over time at

899-422: The third Dunkirk Transgression period (alternatively suffixed III ). Zeeland Zeeland ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːlɑnt] ; Zeelandic : Zeêland , [ˈzɪəlɑnt] ), historically known in English by the exonym Zealand , is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands . The province, located in the southwest of the country, borders North Brabant to

930-538: The vast Franco-Flemish Roman Catholic Diocese of Cambrai , Zeeland got its own bishopric, the Diocese of Middelburg , on 5 December 1559, which was suppressed in 1603, its territory being merged into the Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia , only to be 'restored' on 22 March 1803 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Breda , which was promoted to the present large (yet counting few faithful) Diocese of Breda, whose See

961-666: Was a sea battle fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening conflicts of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. During the Eighty Years' War between the Dutch Republic and Spain , the Battle of Sluys on 26 May 1603 was a naval battle in which a Spanish squadron tried to break through a blockade of the Zwin by Dutch ships. Dunkirk transgression The Dunkirk transgressions were tidal bulges or other sea level -related marine transgressions (risings), often heightened by river floods , affecting

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