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19-528: Cognates of the word aliʻi have a similar meaning in other Polynesian languages; in Māori it is pronounced " ariki " and in Tahitian ari'i . In ancient Hawaiian society, the aliʻi were hereditary nobles (a social class or caste ). The aliʻi consisted of the higher and lesser chiefs of the various levels on the islands. The noho aliʻi were the ruling chiefs . The aliʻi were believed to be descended from

38-500: A control of tapu (sacred matters) was a powerful weapon for the ariki . For supernatural reasons, certain activities were forbidden and since the ariki had control over what was or was not forbidden, this gave their considerable power. It was the people's strong belief in an ariki's mana and control over all things tapu that allowed them to take control of their people without the need for physical enforcement. The ariki , mataiapo and rangatira titles are passed down through

57-407: A group of ariki challenged the legitimacy of the government. A chief's control over their people was related to their mana (power), which came not only from their birth but also from their achievements and status, and could be gained or lost. An ariki who lost popularity with their people could also be seen as having a decline in mana , which could have led to their loss of control. Having

76-403: A structured hierarchy of institutionalised tribal authority". Many positions overlap, with ariki holding multiple roles, including "head of an iwi , the rangatira of a hapū and the kaumātua of a whānau ". Similarly, in times past, "a tohunga may have also been the head of a whanau but quite often was also a rangatira and an ariki". The Māori King Movement

95-615: Is Te Arataura , which has 10 representatives elected from Te Kauhanganui and an 11th member appointed by the Māori king. The Waikato-Tainui tribal administration (or iwi authority) is the Waikato Raupatu Trustee Company Ltd, which replaced the Tainui Māori Trust Board, and is situated at Hopuhopu , Ngāruawāhia. The Waikato iwi has been using the name Tainui to describe itself for some time, through

114-790: Is associated with 7 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Tāhinga is associated with 6 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Apakura is associated with 6 marae: The hāpu of Ngāti Tiipa and Ngāti Āmaru are associated with 6 marae: The hāpu of Ngāti Hauā is associated with 5 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Korokī and Ngāti Raukawa are associated with 5 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Māhanga and Ngāti Tamainupō are associated with 4 marae: The hapū of Ngāi Tai, Ngāti Koheriki, and Ngāti Tamaoho are associated with 5 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Naho and Ngāti Pou are associated with 4 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Paretaua are associated with 4 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Paretaua are associated with 4 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Makirangi has no marae of its own, but

133-604: Is headed by the Māori King or Queen, who bears the title Te Arikinui , literally "The Great (leading) Ariki". Each island in the Cook Islands was ruled by a number of ariki (high chiefs). Rarotonga had about five or six, and most of the other islands had about three. Each ariki ruled an ivi or ngati (tribe). Beneath each ariki in the social hierarchy were a number of mataiapo and rangatira (minor chiefs) of noble rank. Ariki are either men or women. In 2009

152-711: Is named after the Waikato River , which plays a large part in its history and culture. Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , the first Māori king , was a member of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu (sub-tribe) of Waikato iwi, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia . The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 68 marae (family groupings), with around an estimated population of 84,030 tribal members who affiliate to Waikato-Tainui. Hamilton City

171-402: Is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains the tribe's historical centre and modern capital. Waikato-Tainui's governing parliamentary body is Te Kauhanganui , a governing body of 204 tribal members – 3 members from each of the 68 marae. The marae are spread over a large area from Te Kūiti and Cambridge in the south to Auckland in the north. The executive board

190-530: Is or was a member of a hereditary chiefly or noble rank in Polynesia . Political leadership or governance in Māori society has traditionally come from two overlapping groups of people – the ariki and the rangatira . The ariki are the "persons of the highest rank and seniority". As the "high-ranking first-born children of first-born children", ariki inherit their positions from their forebears. In particular, their "supreme rank [comes] from

209-515: The ariki , giving them dignity but very limited power. Waikato Tainui Waikato Tainui , Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori iwi based in Waikato Region , in the western central region of New Zealand 's North Island . It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe

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228-559: The aliʻi ranks and lines comes from their writings. One kaukaualiʻi line descended from Moana Kāne , son of Keākealanikāne , became secondary aliʻi to the Kamehameha rulers of the kingdom and were responsible for various hana lawelawe (service tasks). Members of this line married into the Kamehamehas, including Charles Kanaʻina and Kekūanaōʻa . Some bore Kāhili , royal standards made of feathers , and were attendants of

247-633: The conjunction of a number of senior descent lines from founding ancestors, and ultimately from the gods". Their mana combines hereditary, personal and theocratic elements. In Māori culture ariki were men or women. A modern example of a woman in this leadership role is Te Atairangikaahu ( r.  1966–2006 ) the paramount head or Māori Queen of the Waikato federation of tribes . Ariki do not operate in simple hierarchical organisations ; despite what "government officers were inclined to believe", ariki have never been "the apex of

266-468: The deities. There were eleven classes of aliʻi , of both men and women. These included the kahuna (priestesses and priests, experts, craftsmen, and canoe makers) as part of four professions practiced by the nobility. Each island had its own aliʻi nui, who governed their individual systems. Aliʻi continued to play a role in the governance of the Hawaiian islands until 1893, when Queen Liliʻuokalani

285-630: The establishment of the Tainui Māori Trust Board by the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Claims Settlement Act 1946 , with many people now referring to the Waikato iwi as "Tainui" or "Waikato-Tainui". There have traditionally been strong links between Tainui and the University of Waikato , which has strengths in Māori language and modern local history. The university also holds documents and objects related to

304-480: The family to the present day. Some of the ancient ceremonies and traditions are still being practiced in the Cook Islands. The House of Ariki ( 'Are Ariki ) is a parliamentary body in the Cook Islands. It was established in 1967 shortly after self-government and is composed of the Cook Islands high chiefs. Scholars Ron Crocombe and Jon Tikivanotau Jonassen have argued that it was created to marginalize

323-660: The higher-ranking aliʻi . During the monarchy some of these chiefs were elevated to positions within the primary political bodies of the Hawaiian legislature and the king's Privy Council. All Hawaiian monarchs after Kamehameha III were the children of Kaukaualiʻi fathers who married higher ranking wives. Ariki An ariki (New Zealand, Cook Islands ), ꞌariki ( Easter Island ), aliki ( Tokelau , Tuvalu ), ali‘i ( Samoa , Hawai‘i ), ari'i ( Society Islands , Tahiti ), Rotuma ) aiki or hakaiki ( Marquesas Islands ), akariki ( Gambier Islands ) or ‘eiki ( Tonga )

342-487: The tribe. Waikato Tainui is made up of several iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes). Each tribal group has marae (meeting grounds), which usually includes a wharenui (meeting house). The hāpu of Ngāti Mahuta is associated with 20 marae: The iwi of Ngāti Hikairo is associated with 3 marae: The iwi of Ngāti Te Wehi is associated with 11 marae: The hapū of Ngāti Tai, Ngāti Kuiaarangi and Ngāti Whāwhākia are associated with 8 marae: The hapū of Tainui

361-468: Was overthrown by a coup d'état backed by the United States government. Aliʻi nui were ruling chiefs (in Hawaiian , nui means grand, great, or supreme.). The nui title could be passed on by right of birth. Historians David Malo , Samuel M. Kamakau and Abraham Fornander wrote extensively about the different aliʻi lines and their importance to Hawaiian history. The distinctions between

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