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27-539: Constanța ( Romanian pronunciation: [konˈstantsa] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța . In 2021, it had a population of 655,997 and the population density was 92/km. The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is: The majority of

54-681: Is a Danube fluvial port . It houses the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant , consisting of two CANDU reactors providing about 18% of Romania's electrical energy output. The second reactor was built through a joint venture between Canada 's Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and Italy 's ANSALDO and became fully functional in November 2007. The Danube–Black Sea Canal , opened in 1984, runs from Cernavodă to Agigea and Năvodari . The outskirts of Cernavodă host numerous vineyards , producers of Chardonnay wine. The largest winery in

81-474: The Black Sea to the east, the counties of Tulcea and Brăila to the north, Ialomița to the west, Durostor to the south-west and Caliacra to the south. The county originally consisted of four districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts: On the territory of Constanta County there were seven urban localities: Constanţa (with city status) and

108-692: The CANDU type of Canadian design. The plant covers over 15% of the country's power demand. The Port of Constanța is the largest port in Romania, the most important of the Black Sea and the 4th in Europe. It is linked with the Danube by the Danube-Black Sea Canal – the widest and deepest navigable channel in Europe, although it is not used to its full potential. The Romanian Riviera along

135-625: The Monarch . The ținuturi represented another layer of administration between counties and the country, as the county borders were not erased. Due to the territorial changes during World War II, this style of administration did not last, and the administration at the județ level was reintroduced after the war. Between 1941 and 1944, Romania administered the territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers known as Transnistria , which consisted of 13 separate counties. After taking over

162-558: The NUTS-3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania within the European Union . Each of the counties is further divided into cities (some of which have municipality status) and communes . The prefect and his administration have executive prerogatives within the county limits, while limited legislative powers are assigned to a County Council elected every four years during local elections. The territorial districts of

189-519: The Romanian Old Kingdom . County borders were kept largely intact, with few adjustments, and the total number of counties was raised to 71; this lasted until the beginning of World War II . In 1938, King Carol II modified the law on the administration of the Romanian territory according to the fascist model. Ten ținuturi (approx. translation "lands") were created, ruled by Rezidenți Regali (Royal Residents), appointed directly by

216-680: The Romanian judicial system overlap with county borders, thus avoiding further complication in the separation of powers on the government. Cernavod%C4%83 The town's name is derived from the Bulgarian černa voda ( черна вода in Cyrillic ), meaning 'black water'. This name is regarded by some scholars as a calque of the earlier Thracian name Axíopa , from IE * n̥ksei 'dark' and upā 'water' (cf. Avestan axšaēna- 'dark' and Lithuanian ùpė 'river, creek'). The town

243-512: The union of Wallachia and the rump of Moldavia , the administrative division was modernized using the French administrative system as a model, with județ as the basic administrative unit. Aside from the 1950–1968 period, this system has remained in place until today. Since 1864, for each județ there exists a prefect , a subordinate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and representative of

270-659: The 1926 administrative reform, the borders of the historical county are identical to the ones of the current Constanța County, with the exception of the Ostrov and Lipnița communes, which were then administered by the Durostor County , the Baia commune, now part of Tulcea County , and the villages of Tereskondu , Pârâul Caprei , Fundeni , Pădureni , Saldu Alde and Enigea-Haidar , now in Bulgaria. The county neighboured

297-557: The administration of the country in 1945, the Communist Party changed the administrative model to that of the Soviet Union ( regions and raions ) in 1950, but changed it back in 1968. Nevertheless, the county borders set then were quite different from those present during the interbellum , as only 39 counties were formed from the 56 remaining after the war. In 1981, Giurgiu and Călărași were split from Ialomița and

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324-571: The area is Murfatlar . Cernavodă was founded under the name Axiopolis by the ancient Greeks in the 4th century BC as a trading post for contacts with local Dacians . A Roman fort was built as part of the defensive frontier system of the Moesian Limes along the Danube. The railroad from Constanța to Cernavodă was opened in 1860 by the Ottoman administration. Cernavodă was one of

351-451: The capitals of the short-lived Silistra Nouă County (1878–1879). The town gives its name to the late copper age Cernavodă archaeological culture , ca. 4000 – 3200 BC. At the 2021 census Cernavodă had a population of 15,088 with a majority of Romanians (80.4%) and minorities of Turks (2.23%), Roma (0.66%), Lipovans (0.47%), Tatars (0.15%), Hungarians (0.05%), Bulgarians (0.02%), others (0.7%) and unknown (15.32%). At

378-412: The census data of 1930, the county's population was 253,093 inhabitants, of which 66.2% were Romanians, 8.9% Bulgarians, 6.8% Turks, 6.0% Tatars, 3.8% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.5% Russians, 1.3% Armenians, as well as other minorities. In religion, the population consisted of 78.9% Eastern Orthodox, 13.1% Islam, 2.5% Lutheran, 1.8% Roman Catholics, as well as other minorities. In 1930, the urban population of

405-563: The coast of the Black Sea is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in Romania. The resorts are, from North to South: Also worth visiting are: As of 27 September 2020, the elected President of the County Council is Mihai Lupu from PNL. In addition, in the wake of the 2020 Romanian local elections , the current Constanța County Council consists of 36 counsellors, with the following party composition: Constanța County has 3 municipalities, 9 towns and 58 communes: Following

432-560: The country 's NUTS-3 ( Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 3) statistical subdivisions within the European Union and each of them serves as the local level of government within its borders. Most counties are named after a major river , while some are named after notable cities within them, such as the county seat. The earliest organization into județe of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (where they were termed ținuturi ) dates back to at least

459-468: The county are: Agriculture is an important part in the county's economy, with Constanța being the county with the largest irrigation systems in the country (more than 4,300 km before 1989, now greatly reduced), cereals being the most important products. Also, the county is famous for its wines from the Murfatlar region. At Cernavodă there is a nuclear power plant with two reactors , each of

486-414: The county was 81,631 inhabitants, 68.7% Romanians, 7.3% Turks, 5.2% Greeks, 3.9% Armenians, 2.5% Germans, 2.2% Jews, 2.0% Tatars, 2.0% Bulgarians, 1.7% Russians, 1.7% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. Among the urban population, mother tongues were reported to be Romanian (72.0%), Turkish (9.7%), Greek (4.5%), Armenian (3.6%), German (2.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view,

513-437: The former county of Ilfov, while in 1997, Ilfov County , which had been a dependency of the municipality of Bucharest for nearly two decades, was reinstated. The county borders set in 1968 are still largely in place today, but the functions of different authorities have changed due to administrative reforms in the 1990s. At present, Romania is divided into 41 counties and one municipality (Bucharest); these are assigned as

540-443: The government inside the county; he is also the head of local administration for areas not delegated to local authorities. Until 1948, each județ was further divided into several plăși , each administered by a pretor . After the adoption of a new Constitution in 1923, the traditional local administrative systems of the newly acquired regions of Transylvania , Bukovina and Bessarabia were made uniform in 1925 with that of

567-431: The largest and Ilfov County (1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi)) the smallest. The municipality of Bucharest, which has the same administrative level as that of a county, is both more populous and much smaller than any county, with 1,716,983 people and 228 square kilometres (88 sq mi). The earliest organization into județe (for Wallachia ), and ținuturi (for Moldavia ), dates back at least to

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594-489: The last of which was in 1997. According to the 2021 census data from the National Institute of Statistics , the average population of Romania's 41 counties is about 423,000, with Iași County as the most populous (760,000) and Tulcea County (193,000) the least. The average county's land area is 5,809 square kilometres (2,243 sq mi), with Timiș County (8,697 square kilometres (3,358 sq mi))

621-411: The late 14th century. Inspired from the organization of the late Byzantine Empire , each județ was ruled by a jude (or pârcălab for a ținut ), a person officially appointed with administrative and judicial functions. Transylvania was divided into royal counties headed by comes (royal counts) with administrative and judicial functions. After modern Romania was formed in 1859 through

648-504: The late 14th century. For most of the time since modern Romania was formed in 1859 , the administrative division system has been similar to that of the French departments . The system has since changed several times and the number of counties has varied over time, from the 71 județe that existed before World War II to only 39 after 1968. The current format has largely been in place since 1968 as only small changes have been made since then,

675-485: The population are Orthodox Romanians . There are important communities of Muslim Turks and Tatars , remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania . A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani . The predominant industries in

702-460: The urban communes of Carmen-Sylva, Techirghiol , Mangalia , Medgidia , Cernavodă and Hârșova . After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ialomița, Durostor and Caliacra to form Ținutul Mării . It was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II 's regime. Ten years later, it was abolished by the Communist regime . According to

729-414: The urban population was composed mostly of Eastern Orthodox (78.4%), followed by Muslim (9.6%), Armenian Apostolic (3.3%), Roman Catholic (2.7%), Jewish (2.3%), Lutheran (1.6%), as well as other minorities. Counties of Romania A total of 41 counties ( Romanian : județe ), along with the municipality of Bucharest , constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania . They represent

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