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32-677: Dąbrowa Górnicza ( Polish pronunciation: [dɔmˈbrɔva ɡurˈɲit͡ʂa] ) is a city in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie , southern Poland , near Katowice and Sosnowiec . It is located in eastern part of the Silesian Voivodeship , on the Czarna Przemsza and Biała Przemsza rivers (tributaries of the Vistula , see Przemsza ). Even though Dąbrowa Górnicza belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland , it now

64-428: A settlement called Stara Dąbrowa is presented. It was located along a road from Kraków to Upper Silesia . The coal mine established by von Reden attracted workers, and a settlement was soon established around it. In 1807, Dąbrowa was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw . After the duchy's dissolution in 1815, it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland . In 1846,

96-730: Is also a tram network, being part of Silesian Interurbans and GZM Metropolis . The tram system is one of the largest and oldest in Europe, in operation since 1894 and covering over 200 km of rails. Part of the public transport system provided by Metropolis GZM is metropolitan bicycle system MetroBike , operated by Nextbike which has 924 stations with over 7000 bicycles in Dąbrowa Górnicza and in surrounding cities. Rides under 30 minutes costs PLN 1, less than 1 hour costs PLN 2.50 and each additional hour becomes more expensive. In Dąbrowa there are many green areas. Total area of local lakes

128-709: Is believed to have been covered by oak forests during the early days of its existence. From the 19th century, the settlement grew to be an important coal-mining center, and its name was supplemented by the adjective Górnicza (which refers to mining) in 1919, to distinguish it from such towns, as Dąbrowa Tarnowska and Dąbrowa Białostocka . The city is divided into several districts: Antoniów, Błędów, Bugaj, Centrum, Dziewiąty, Gołonóg, Korzeniec, Kuźniczka Nowa, Łazy Błędowskie, Łęka, Łęknice, Łosień, Marianki, Mydlice, Okradzionów, Piekło, Ratanice, Reden, Sikorka, Strzemieszyce Małe , Strzemieszyce Wielkie , Trzebiesławice, Trzydziesty, Tucznawa , Ujejsce , Ząbkowice . From 1977–1984,

160-565: Is over 800 hectares, there are 180 hectares of parks (0.96%) and 4100 hectares of forests (21.7%). Particularly noteworthy is the complex of Pogoria (lakes) . Furthermore, part of the Eagles' Nests Landscape Park reaches the outskirts of the city. The largest desert in Poland and in all of Central Europe , the Błędów Desert , lies within the city limits. Among cultural institutions there are

192-584: Is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship. Dąbrowa Górnicza is one of the cities of the Katowice urban area (2.7 million people), and within the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area (5.2 million people). The population of the city itself as of December 2021 is 116,971. Dąbrowa Górnicza is the largest city of the province and the 9th largest in Poland in terms of territory, with total area of 188 square kilometers. The city lies among

224-508: Is the oldest. Until the 19th century, Zagłębie shared the fate of the rest of the region of Lesser Poland , and belonged to Kraków Voivodeship , with the exception of the Duchy of Siewierz , which between 1177 and 1443 was under the rule of Silesian dukes. On 30 December 1443, the Duchy was incorporated back into Lesser Poland as Polish fief and a property of the bishops of Kraków . After

256-540: Is very dense in the city as it is a branching point of former Warsaw-Vienna railway . There are nine rail stations within city limits: Dąbrowa Górnicza, Dąbrowa Górnicza Pogoria, Dąbrowa Górnicza Gołonóg, Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice, Dąbrowa Górnicza Sikorka, Dąbrowa Górnicza Strzemieszyce, Dąbrowa Górnicza Wschodnia, Dąbrowa Górnicza Huta Katowice , and Dąbrowa Górnicza Południowa . Express and fast trains stop at two stations: Dąbrowa Górnicza and Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice , all other stations serve local connections. There

288-665: The Cieszkowski Coal Mine was opened, named after Józef Cieszkowski . The Zinc Plant Konstanty operated as early as 1823, and the Huta Bankowa steel works, which is still in operation, was built in Dąbrowa Górnicza in 1834. The first primary school was opened in 1820, and first Roman Catholic church of St. Alexander was built in the 1870s. During the January Uprising , in February 1863, Dąbrowa

320-874: The Partitions of Poland , in 1795 Zagłębie was briefly annexed to the Prussian province of New Silesia . In 1807 however, during the Napoleonic Wars and the Polish–Austrian War , it was liberated and became part of the Duchy of Warsaw . After the Congress of Vienna , along with the greater part of the Duchy, Zagłębie became part of the Russian-controlled Kingdom of Poland . Simultaneously, in both Upper Silesia and neighbouring Zagłębie, large deposits of coal were discovered. With

352-686: The Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp at the local coal mine. More than 4,000 local Jews were enclosed in a ghetto , and later murdered in death camps. German occupation ended in 1945. Together with all of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie , the city was transferred to Katowice Voivodeship after World War II , in 1945. In 1968, the local church of Saint Mary of the Angels was visited by the Primate of Poland Stefan Wyszyński and cardinal Karol Wojtyła (future Pope John Paul II ). The 1970s saw

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384-636: The Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and over 60 local miners were also murdered in Auschwitz. In October 1941, the occupiers expelled over 100 Poles, who were then sent to forced labour either to Germany or to various factories in the region, while their houses were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. The Germans also operated the E513 and E543 forced labour subcamps of

416-479: The 1787 census of the Archdiocese of Kraków , the settlement numbered 184 inhabitants. The districts of Dąbrowa, which for centuries had comprised separate villages, are much older. Trzebieszowice was first mentioned in the 12th century; Błędów was mentioned by Bishop of Kraków Iwo Odrowąż in the year 1220; Strzemieszyce and Ujejsce were mentioned in the 14th century; Gołonóg in the 15th century; and Ząbkowice

448-689: The Jews of Zagłębie. The memorial plaque reads: Tens of Jewish communities thrived and prospered throughout the Zagłęmbie region of south west Poland over the course of 700 years. The Jews of Zagłębie, who numbered 100,000 before the War, were destroyed by Nazi Germany. The Jews of Zagłęmbie resisted their Nazi enemies with honor and resourcefulness until death. 50°20′N 19°11′E  /  50.333°N 19.183°E  / 50.333; 19.183 Krak%C3%B3w Too Many Requests If you report this error to

480-634: The Palace of Zagłębie Culture, City Museum Sztygarka , Ząbkowice House of Culture, Zagłębie Music Scene, Chamber Orchestra of Zagłębie, Film Center Helios, and various music and arts schools. The city's most notable sports club is basketball team MKS Dąbrowa Górnicza , which competes in the Polish Basketball League , the country's top division. The local football clubs include Zagłębie Dąbrowa Górnicza  [ pl ] and Unia Ząbkowice  [ pl ] , which both compete in

512-597: The city and committed various crimes against the Polish population . Also in September 1939, Wehrmacht troops carried out a massacre of 14 Polish boy scouts from nearby villages in the present-day district of Tucznawa . Poles from Dąbrowa Górnicza were among the victims of massacres committed by the Germans in other places, including Sosnowiec on September 4, 1939 and Celiny on June 4, 1940. Under German occupation

544-499: The city limits as a new district. There are many important routes crossing in Dąbrowa Górnicza. These include expressway S1 and national road 94 . Expressway S1 is a direct connection to motorway A4 and to Katowice International Airport . Also Dąbrowa Górnicza has rich railway network access including Warsaw - Katowice line ( VI Pan-European corridor ) and nearby Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line terminal in Sławków . The rail network

576-725: The city was annexed directly to Germany, and included within the Upper Silesia Province . At least 14 Polish policemen from Dąbrowa were murdered by the Russians in the large Katyn massacre in April–May 1940. Further executions of Poles were carried out by the Germans during the war. Over 40 local Polish boy and girl scouts were killed by the Germans in various places, including the Auschwitz concentration camp and during

608-523: The construction of the Katowice Steelworks , which is nowadays the biggest steel producing plant in Poland, after privatization owned by ArcelorMittal . In the 1970s the town expanded territorially and economically. In 1975 and 1977 the neighboring localities of Strzemieszyce Małe , Strzemieszyce Wielkie , Ząbkowice and others became suburbanized. The population of Dąbrowa Górnicza reached its peak in 1982 with 152,373 inhabitants. In 1984,

640-456: The hills, at 258 to 390 meters above sea level . Dąbrowa Górnicza borders Będzin County , Zawiercie County , Olkusz County and the city of Sosnowiec . At the same time it borders the cities and towns of Sosnowiec, Będzin , Siewierz and Sławków . The place name Dąbrowa , is derived from the Polish word dąb ( oak ), and denotes an oak grove , as the territory of the original village

672-461: The lower leagues. Dąbrowa Górnicza is twinned with: Zag%C5%82%C4%99bie D%C4%85browskie Zagłębie is a highly industrialised and densely populated region of southern Lesser Poland, bordering Silesia through the Brynica river (running between Sosnowiec and Katowice ). Apart from the three main cultural and industrial centres of the area ( Dąbrowa Górnicza , Sosnowiec and Będzin ),

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704-486: The neighboring settlements of Marianki and Ratanice were included within the city limits of Dąbrowa Górnicza as new districts. From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Katowice Voivodeship . In the 1990s, all local coal mines were closed, because of lack of coal. The oldest part of the town Reden still exists. In 1993, the neighboring settlement of Trzebiesławice was also included within

736-675: The opening of the Warsaw–Vienna railway in 1848, the region became the most industrialised part of the Kingdom. Despite developing simultaneously with adjacent Silesia, the region remained outside of German influence and remained largely Polish, a fact that is still a source of a certain animosity between the Silesians and the Zagłębiacy , natives of Zagłębie. Zagłębie is sometimes called "Red", because of its Socialist or Communist traditions (it

768-454: The region also includes a number of smaller cities. Among them are Czeladź , Wojkowice , Siewierz and Sławków , and also smaller villages: Psary , Ożarowice , Bobrowniki and Mierzęcice . Since the borders of the region were never clearly defined, other towns are also sometimes listed among the cities of Zagłębie. These are: Zawiercie , Poręba , Włodowice , Kroczyce , Ogrodzieniec , Łazy and Olkusz . The name Zagłębie Dąbrowskie

800-527: The start of World War II, 100,000 Jews lived in the area of Zagłębie. On August 12, 1942 all the Jews of the region were gathered together and after a selection process, 12,500 of them were deemed unfit for work and were sent to Auschwitz for immediate extermination. The rest of the Jews were sent to slave labor camps throughout the Nazi empire. A forest was planted in Israel near the city of Modiin in memory of

832-600: The town of Sławków was a district of Dąbrowa Górnicza. In the first half of the 18th century, Dąbrowa was a small agricultural settlement belonging to the Będzin parish of the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province in the Kingdom of Poland. It was first mentioned on 25 July 1726, when the parish priest of Holy Trinity Church at Będzin noted a woman named Anna Lisowa from Dąbrowa. At

864-555: The town. After the war, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the city. 15 local Polish boy scouts were killed in fights for Polish independence in 1914–1920. In the Second Polish Republic , Dąbrowa belonged to Kielce Voivodeship . In September 1939, in the beginning of World War II , the city was invaded by Germany , and shortly afterwards the German Einsatzgruppe I operated in

896-496: Was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the Battle of Sosnowiec nearby. In 1909, the gmina of Dąbrowa Górnicza was established by Tsarist authorities. Even though its population reached 30,000, the Russians were reluctant to grant Dąbrowa town charter, so it remained a village until 18 August 1916, when Austrian authorities, which during World War I occupied southern part of Congress Poland , agreed to establish

928-609: Was created. It is called sometimes the Diocese of Zagłębie. Residents of the region spoke their own dialect, which now is largely extinct. It belonged to Lesser Poland group of dialects, with some Silesian and Russian additions (because Zagłębie in 1815–1915 was part of the Russian Empire ). Several polonized words of Russian origin were in common use, such as "skolko" (standard Polish: "ile", English: "How much"), or "konfiety" (standard Polish: "cukierki", English: "sweets"). At

960-476: Was described by Polish historian Jan Długosz in the 15th century. After the Third Partition of Poland (1795), Dąbrowa was annexed by Prussia and incorporated into its newly formed province of New Silesia . The Prussians discovered rich deposits of coal here and the first coal mine was established by Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden in 1796. In 1799, first detailed map of this area was created, on which

992-402: Was first used in ca. 1850, by Jozef Cieszkowski, a clerk employed at Western Coal District in Dąbrowa Górnicza. At that time, the town of Dąbrowa Górnicza was quickly growing, emerging as a main center of the region. The adjective "dabrowskie" comes from the name of the town. The capital of the region has never been officially established. Sosnowiec is the largest city of Zaglebie, but Czeladź

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1024-636: Was one of main centers of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–07) ), while Silesia is more conservative and religious. After Poland regained her independence in 1918, Zagłębie became part of the Kielce Voivodeship . After World War II most of Zagłębie was attached to the Silesian Voivodeship , later Katowice Voivodeship and recently Silesian Voivodeship . On March 25, 1992, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sosnowiec

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