A județ ( pronounced [ʒuˈdets] , plural județe [ʒuˈdetse] ) is an administrative division in Romania , and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova .
88-603: Galați ( Romanian pronunciation: [ɡaˈlatsʲ] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in Moldavia region, with the capital city at Galați , between 45°25'N and 46°10'N latitude, 27°20'E and 28°10'E longitude. It borders the counties of Vaslui , Vrancea , Brăila , Tulcea . To the east it borders the Republic of Moldova , the border crossing points being Galați– Giurgiulești (road and broad gauge railway ) and Oancea– Cahul (road). The county
176-473: A boy living on the island of Samos, to which he had fled with his family from the oppressions of Lygdamis, tyrant of Halicarnassus and grandson of Artemisia. Panyassis , the epic poet related to Herodotus, is reported to have taken part in a failed uprising. The Suda also states that Herodotus later returned home to lead the revolt that eventually overthrew the tyrant. Due to recent discoveries of inscriptions at Halicarnassus dated to about Herodotus's time, it
264-410: A county seat ( reședință de județ ) which serves as its administrative capital; this designation usually belongs to the largest and most developed city in the respective county. The central government is represented by one prefect in every județ . The capital, Bucharest , is not a județ , but a special municipality with identical functions, which also acts as the county seat of Ilfov . In
352-540: A detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars , and was the first writer to apply a scientific method to historical events. He has been described as " The Father of History ", a title conferred on him by the ancient Roman orator Cicero , and the " Father of Lies " by others. The Histories primarily cover the lives of prominent kings and famous battles such as Marathon , Thermopylae , Artemisium , Salamis , Plataea , and Mycale . His work deviates from
440-664: A historical topic more in keeping with the Greek world-view: focused on the context of the polis or city-state. The interplay of civilizations was more relevant to Greeks living in Anatolia, such as Herodotus himself, for whom life within a foreign civilization was a recent memory. Before the Persian crisis, history had been represented among the Greeks only by local or family traditions. The "Wars of Liberation" had given to Herodotus
528-404: A literary critic of Augustan Rome , listed seven predecessors of Herodotus, describing their works as simple unadorned accounts of their own and other cities and people, Greek or foreign, including popular legends, sometimes melodramatic and naïve, often charming – all traits that can be found in the work of Herodotus himself. Modern historians regard the chronology as uncertain, but according to
616-534: A native of Halicarnassus in Anatolia , and it is generally accepted that he was born there around 485 BC. The Suda says his family was influential, that he was the son of Lyxes and Dryo and the brother of Theodorus, and that he was also related to Panyassis – an epic poet of the time. Halicarnassus was then within the Persian Empire , making Herodotus a Persian subject, and it may be that
704-613: A neighbourhood of Constantinople and another former Genoese port of call, has the same origin. The Romanian academic world mostly adheres to this Italian origin dating back to the 14th century: caladda in Genoese means "mooring hold", and the Genoese had numerous such places on the shores of the Black Sea and on the banks of the Danube , including, in present-day Romania, Giurgiu and Licostomo, near Chilia Veche . The discovery of
792-696: A version of the Histories written by "Herodotus of Thurium", and some passages in the Histories have been interpreted as proof that he wrote about Magna Graecia from personal experience there (IV, 15,99; VI, 127). According to Ptolemaeus Chennus , a late source summarized in the Library of Photius , Plesirrhous the Thessalian, the hymnographer, was the eromenos of Herodotus and his heir. This account has also led some historians to assume Herodotus died childless. Intimate knowledge of some events in
880-520: A young Thucydides happened to be in the assembly with his father, and burst into tears during the recital. Herodotus observed prophetically to the boy's father: "Your son's soul yearns for knowledge." Eventually, Thucydides and Herodotus became close enough for both to be interred in Thucydides's tomb in Athens. Such at least was the opinion of Marcellinus in his Life of Thucydides . According to
968-469: Is administered by a county council consisting of 34 councilors. The president of the Galați County Council and the county councilors are elected locally, for a 4-year term. Following the 2020 local elections , the council is chaired by Costel Fotea ( PSD ), which has been in office since June 2016. The Galați County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 34 counsellors, with
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#17327834655731056-545: Is also a very important sector for the regional economy: about 40% of the employed population works in this sector, which contributes 16% to the regional GDP. Vegetable growers from the Tecuci area (especially those from Matca commune) and those from the Galați basin (Bădălan area and Vânători commune) are recognized for the quality of their products. The county of Galați is also an important transport hub. Thanks to its location on
1144-640: Is consistent with a tyrant under pressure. His name is not mentioned later in the tribute list of the Athenian Delian League , indicating that there might well have been a successful uprising against him some time before 454 BC. Herodotus wrote his Histories in the Ionian dialect , in spite of being born in a Dorian settlement. According to the Suda , Herodotus learned the Ionian dialect as
1232-491: Is generally assumed that he died not long afterwards, possibly before his sixtieth year. Herodotus would have made his researches known to the larger world through oral recitations to a public crowd. John Marincola writes in his introduction to the Penguin edition of the Histories that there are certain identifiable pieces in the early books of Herodotus's work which could be labeled as "performance pieces". These portions of
1320-591: Is located near the city of Tecuci, on the road Tecuci - Valea Mărului - Pechea - Galați , with a surface of 15 hectares (37 acres). The reservation is located on the lower terrace of the Bârlad river , at the point called La Rateș , where there was once an inn. In the eastern part of the county, on the territory of the Băneasa commune, between the villages of Băneasa and Roșcani, is the Băneasa Forest, where, in addition to
1408-809: Is now known that the Ionic dialect was used in Halicarnassus in some official documents, so there is no need to assume (like the Suda ) that he must have learned the dialect elsewhere. The Suda is the only source placing Herodotus as the heroic liberator of his birthplace, casting doubt upon the veracity of that romantic account. As Herodotus himself reveals, Halicarnassus, though a Dorian city, had ended its close relations with its Dorian neighbours after an unseemly quarrel (I, 144), and it had helped pioneer Greek trade with Egypt (II, 178). It was, therefore, an outward-looking, international-minded port within
1496-609: Is on account of the many strange stories and the folk-tales he reported that his critics have branded him "The Father of Lies". Even his own contemporaries found reason to scoff at his achievement. In fact, one modern scholar has wondered whether Herodotus left his home in Greek Anatolia , migrating westwards to Athens and beyond, because his own countrymen had ridiculed his work, a circumstance possibly hinted at in an epitaph said to have been dedicated to Herodotus at one of his three supposed resting places, Thuria : Herodotus
1584-518: Is the first word of a sentence. Herodotus Herodotus ( Ancient Greek : Ἡρόδοτος , romanized : Hēródotos ; c. 484 – c. 425 BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus , part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum , Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria , Italy. He wrote the Histories ,
1672-861: The 2011 census , the ethnic structure of Galați County was relatively compact, with a high percentage of residents who declared themselves Romanian (90.07%), respectively 482,932 out of a total of 536,167. The second ethnic group in the number of inhabitants was that of the Roma ;- 16,990 (3.17%), followed by all the others (which did not exceed 1% of the total): Russian-Lipovans - 180, Greeks -  ;156, Hungarians - 133, Turks - 78, Italians - 68, Germans - 62, Jews - 57, Ukrainians - 48, Armenians - 29, Tatars - 4, Serbs - 8, Bulgarians - 7, Macedonians - 6, Poles - 3, other ethnic groups - 477. For 34,916 inhabitants (6.51%),
1760-535: The Alcmaeonids , a clan whose history is featured frequently in his writing. According to Plutarch , Herodotus was granted a financial reward by the Athenian assembly in recognition of his work. Plutarch, using Diyllus as a source, says this was 10 talents . In 443 BC or shortly afterwards, he migrated to Thurii , in modern Calabria , as part of an Athenian-sponsored colony . Aristotle refers to
1848-485: The Danube which forms the border with Tulcea County to the southeast. Galați County is bordered by: Located at the extreme east–central part of Romania, at the confluence of the Danube with the rivers Siret and Prut, Galați County has an area of 4,466.3 square kilometres (1,724.4 sq mi), which represents 1.9% of the country's surface. The county includes 4 urban centers (the cities of Galați and Tecuci ,
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#17327834655731936-491: The Euphrates to Babylon . For some reason, possibly associated with local politics, he subsequently found himself unpopular in Halicarnassus, and sometime around 447 BC, migrated to Periclean Athens – a city whose people and democratic institutions he openly admired (V, 78). Athens was also the place where he came to know the local topography (VI, 137; VIII, 52–55), as well as leading citizens such as
2024-635: The Gauls , on the grounds that this area, inhabited in antiquity by the Thracians from north ( Dacians ), also experienced the migration of the Celts. If ancient historians such as Herodotus really mention the presence of Celtic tribes in the Balkans and their migration to Anatolia in the 4th century BC, to found Galatia , Romanian protochronists , for their part, date the toponym Galați to
2112-772: The Peloponnesian War on the abduction of some prostitutes – a mocking reference to Herodotus, who reported the Persians' account of their wars with Greece , beginning with the rapes of the mythical heroines Io , Europa , Medea , and Helen . Similarly, the Athenian historian Thucydides dismissed Herodotus as a story-teller. Thucydides, who had been trained in rhetoric , became the model for subsequent prose-writers as an author who seeks to appear firmly in control of his material, whereas with his frequent digressions Herodotus appeared to minimize (or possibly disguise) his authorial control. Moreover, Thucydides developed
2200-513: The Persian Empire , and the historian's family could well have had contacts in other countries under Persian rule, facilitating his travels and his researches. Herodotus's eyewitness accounts indicate that he traveled in Egypt in association with Athenians, probably sometime after 454 BC or possibly earlier, after an Athenian fleet had assisted the uprising against Persian rule in 460–454 BC. He probably traveled to Tyre next and then down
2288-613: The Romanian Principalities , the județ was an office with administrative and judicial functions, corresponding to both judge and mayor . The word is etymologically rooted in the Latin "judicium", and is therefore cognate to other administrative institutions like the Sardinian giudicati , or terms like jurisdiction and judge . In Romanian, the term județ does not take an initial capital unless it
2376-581: The Suda , he was buried in Macedonian Pella and in the agora in Thurii. Herodotus announced the purpose and scope of his work at the beginning of his Histories: Here are presented the results of the inquiry carried out by Herodotus of Halicarnassus. The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks; among
2464-742: The thesaurus of Barboși (southern quarter of the city of Galați , on the left bank of the Siret river), composed of 3,700 silver coins bearing the Greek inscriptions Gallati and Kallatiasy , will tip the scales towards the theory supported by Vasile Pârvan and Carl Patsch , which is the basis of the name of the Roman province Galatia in Asia Minor . The name Galați is also known as Kalas in Turkish, Γκαλάτσι in Greek and גאלאץ in Hebrew. But
2552-408: The 17th century Umbrărești (1649), Salcea (1695) etc. On the map of Dimitrie Cantemir from Descriptio Moldaviae , the settlements Nicorești , Poiana , Piscu , Corod , Oancea , Adam , Tulucești , Foltești , Tecuci , Galați are recorded. At the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century, Slobozia -type settlements appeared, which lead to the thickening of
2640-650: The 23rd century BC, claiming that on the contrary, the proto-Celts would have migrated later from Anatolia to the Alps , where they developed Hallstatt culture in Europe. Also, they link the name Galați to the Tabula Peutingeriana from 1265 (map where, in addition to Galatia in central Anatolia, there is also Tanasia-Galatia north of the Black Sea) and state that the Celts of Galatia would be
2728-629: The 4th largest industrial center of Romania, in recent years it has registered a sharp decline, which led to its inclusion, along with 5 other counties in Romania (Mureș, Prahova, Dolj, Gorj, Hunedoara) in the Just Transition Mechanism financed by the European Union, which attempts to reduce the social and economic impact of the transition of mono-industrial and coal-intensive regions to a decarbonized economy. According to
Galați County - Misplaced Pages Continue
2816-751: The County Public Service for the Administration of the Public and Private Domain Galați, the County Directorate for Records of Persons Galați and the Medical-Social Unit Gănești. The analysis of the succession and distribution of the archaeological evidence of material culture shows that the territory of the county was populated and entered the circuit of human use from prehistoric times. The oldest human remains in
2904-583: The Covurlui Plateau date from the Final Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic. Paleolithic cultures are located in Berești and Cavadinești . The Upper Paleolithic was highlighted in the north of the county, on the current territory of the villages Pleșa , Puricani , Crăiesti , Bălăbănești , Șipote , Rădești , Băneasa , Suceveni . In the strategic archaeological succession, settlements from
2992-450: The S and SW that cause intervals of warming and melting of the snow cover. Against the general climatic background, the meadows of the Siret, the Prut and the Danube introduce into the values and regime of the main meteorological elements, changes that lead to the creation of a specific meadow topoclimate, wetter and cooler in summer and wetter and less cold in winter. The general circulation of
3080-878: The Technological High School Simion Mehedinți Galați, the Special High School Emil Gârleanu Galați, Special Professional School Paul Popescu Neveanu Galați, Special High School Constantin Pufan Galați, High School Saints Peter and Paul , and Special High School Constantin Păunescu in Tecuci. The public institutions/services under the coordination of the County Council are the General Directorate of Social Assistance and Child Protection Galați,
3168-500: The acceleration of the process of disintegration of feudal relations and the emergence and emphasis of capitalist production relations. The popular masses of the county acted in the anti-Ottoman movement from 1821 and in the revolutionary ones from 1848. The active participation of the population of the former counties Covurlui and Tecuci in the political fight for the unification of the Romanian Principalities
3256-781: The agricultural area in use, livestock and poultry and the technical potential in land improvement arrangements and equipment with tractors and agricultural machines. Galați County has 358,311 hectares (885,410 acres) of agricultural land, of which 292,926 hectares (723,840 acres) are arable, 43,612 hectares (107,770 acres) are pastures, 656 hectares (1,620 acres) are hayfields, 19,397 hectares (47,930 acres) are vineyards and wine nurseries and 1,720 hectares (4,300 acres) are orchards and fruit nurseries. The county also has 43,814 hectares (108,270 acres) of forests and other lands with forest vegetation, 13,231 hectares (32,690 acres) of lakes and ponds, as well as 3,554 hectares (8,780 acres) of other degraded and unproductive surfaces. In this context, agriculture
3344-407: The ancient account, these predecessors included Dionysius of Miletus , Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos , Xanthus of Lydia and, the best attested of them all, Hecataeus of Miletus . Of these, only fragments of Hecataeus's works survived, and the authenticity of these is debatable, but they provide a glimpse into the kind of tradition within which Herodotus wrote his own Histories . It
3432-508: The atmosphere has as its main features the relatively high frequency of slow advections of temperate-oceanic air from the W and NW (especially in the warm semester), the equally high frequency of advections of temperate-continental air from the NE and E (especially in cold season), as well as less frequent advections of arctic air from the N and tropical maritime air from the SW and S. On December 1, 2021,
3520-591: The audience. It was conventional in Herodotus's day for authors to "publish" their works by reciting them at popular festivals. According to Lucian , Herodotus took his finished work straight from Anatolia to the Olympic Games and read the entire Histories to the assembled spectators in one sitting, receiving rapturous applause at the end of it. According to a very different account by an ancient grammarian, Herodotus refused to begin reading his work at
3608-846: The authority of the Galați County Council are Paul Păltănea History Museum in Galați, the Visual Art Museum in Galați, the Răsvan Angheluță Natural Sciences Museum Complex in Galați, the County Library V. A. Urechia Galați, the Cultural Center Dunărea de Jos Galați. The educational structures under the coordination of the Galați County Council are the ones that form the school network organized in Galați County for special high school and special post-high school education, respectively
Galați County - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-413: The banks of the Danube and near the borders with Moldova and Ukraine , a multimodal transport hub for logistics transfer (ship-truck-train) is being built in Galați, which will lead to an increase in the volume of trade in goods with Eastern Europe and the importance of both the city and the county in terms of international trade. If during the years of the communist era , Galați County had become
3784-408: The challenge is great: The data are so few – they rest upon such late and slight authority; they are so improbable or so contradictory, that to compile them into a biography is like building a house of cards, which the first breath of criticism will blow to the ground. Still, certain points may be approximately fixed ... Herodotus was, according to his own statement, at the beginning of his work,
3872-445: The city of Galați is the paleontological reserve of Barboși (Tirighina) with an area of about 1 hectare (2.5 acres), containing mollusk fossils from the old Euxine phase (about 400,000 years ago). Also, not far from Galați, namely to the north of the city, but on the Prut valley, on the territory of the commune Tulucești , in the place called Râpa Bălaia , there is the second paleontological reserve. The third paleontological reserve
3960-627: The civilian settlement on the hearth of the city of Galați today maintained trade links with Lower Moesia , with Greece and Asia Minor on the Danube and the Black Sea . In the 10th-13th centuries, forms of early feudalism , closely related to Byzantine influence, were registered on the current territory of Galați County, a fact attested by the numerous Byzantine coins discovered. In the XV-XVI centuries, numerous settlements are attested by written historical documents, such as Blăjerii de Jos (1448), Liești (1495), Șerbănești (1430), Bucești (1548), Drăgănești (1575), and in
4048-656: The climatic conditions, in the vegetation cover and soils, as well as in the geological structure of the relief. The latter offer a view with gentle heights ranging between 310 metres (1,020 ft) in the north and 5–10 metres (16–33 ft) in the south. The territory of Galați County itself presents a tabular (flat) relief with a more pronounced fragmentation in the north and weaker in the south;five geomorphological units can be distinguished, according to altitude, position and relief features: Covurlui Plateau, Tecuci Plain, Covurlui Plain , Low Siret Meadow, and Low Prut Meadow. The old geological formations are of little importance from
4136-465: The construction materials industry. The main natural reserve in Galați County is located on the sands of the Tecuci Plain, namely south of the town of Liesti , around the village of Hanu Conachi , on a strip of about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long and 05–1 kilometre (3.11–0.62 mi) wide with an area of about 84 hectares (210 acres) and which continues to the Siret meadow. A few distance from
4224-594: The counties of Brăila and Tulcea, with the Cahul and Cantemir districts in the south of the Republic of Moldova and with the Odesa region in the west of Ukraine) as well as the Free Economic Zone Galați – Giurgiulești – Reni (Romania-Moldova-Ukraine). Codex Latinus Parisinus from 1395 mentions a "Caladda at the bend of the Danube", a Genoese port of call where it could dock. The name Galata ,
4312-426: The country. From the point of view of the workforce, 121,433 employees (2.16% of the national total - 16th place) and 10,192 unemployed people (4.22% - 4th place) were registered in Galați county, and the average salary net was 3,703 lei - 15th place nationally. Regarding the balance of international trade (FOB/CIF balance), in 2022, Galați county recorded a deficit of 377.4 million euros, after in
4400-621: The county, namely 17 hotels, 6 hostels, 5 motels, 6 tourist villas, 1 bungalow and 9 tourist guesthouses, with a total accommodation capacity of 2,196 beds. 51,673 arrivals and 84,786 overnight stays were registered, the net capacity utilization index in operation being 18.1%. In 2022, Galați County registered 97,526 tourists and 151,886 overnight stays, an increase compared to previous years. Jude%C8%9B There are 41 județe in Romania, divided into municipii (municipalities), orașe (cities) and comune (communes). Each județ has
4488-402: The demographic structure of the county. Thus, the population growth was stimulated by the development of agriculture, by the liberalization of trade, by the intensification of transport, by the processes of free transfer by the state of land ownership rights to the peasants. In the first half of the 19th century, social-political turmoil and numerous conflicts took place. They contributed to
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#17327834655734576-509: The development of unionist ideas. Galati County has an industrial-agrarian economy. Industrial units and those providing services are mainly concentrated in urban areas, while in rural areas the main activities are agricultural. The statistics regarding the number of merchants operating in the urban environment of Galați county show a significant concentration of them in the county seat municipality, where over 86% of them are found. The other municipality, Tecuci, gathers only 11% of merchants, while
4664-502: The eighth largest city in Romania, with a population of 217,851 inhabitants, is the largest maritime port of the Danube on the territory of Romania, located at 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the Black Sea and approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) from Bucharest and the cities of Iași , Ploiești , Constanța , Chișinău (Republic of Moldova), and Odesa (Ukraine). The ethnic composition of Galați County in 2011 According to
4752-439: The festival of Olympia until some clouds offered him a bit of shade – by which time the assembly had dispersed. (Hence the proverbial expression "Herodotus and his shade" to describe someone who misses an opportunity through delay.) Herodotus's recitation at Olympia was a favourite theme among ancient writers, and there is another interesting variation on the story to be found in the Suda : that of Photius and Tzetzes , in which
4840-422: The first genuinely historical inspiration felt by a Greek. These wars showed him that there was a corporate life, higher than that of the city, of which the story might be told; and they offered to him as a subject the drama of the collision between East and West. With him, the spirit of history was born into Greece; and his work, called after the nine Muses, was indeed the first utterance of Clio . Though Herodotus
4928-505: The first years of the Peloponnesian War (VI, 91; VII, 133, 233; IX, 73) suggests that he returned to Athens, in which case it is possible that he died there during an outbreak of the plague. It is also possible he died in Macedonia instead, after obtaining the patronage of the court there; or else he died back in Thurii. There is nothing in the Histories that can be dated to later than 430 BC with any certainty, and it
5016-479: The followers of protochronism ( pseudohistorical current which became very influential in Romania under the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu ) links the name Galați , even if it does not appear before the 14th century, to the Celtic root and Indo-European languages , [gall-] meaning "foreigner" ( Gaul , gaulois , Gaulish , Galatia , Galicia , Galicia )" and being a derivation of Galatiens (the Greek name of
5104-812: The following composition: Galați County has 2 municipalities, 2 towns and 61 communes The health units under the authority of the Galați County Council are the County Emergency Clinical Hospital Sfântul Apostol Andrei Galați, the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases Sfânta Cuvioasa Parascheva Galați, the Pneumophthisiology Hospital Galați, the Municipal Hospital Anton Cincu Tecuci, and Târgu Bujor City Hospital. The cultural institutions under
5192-463: The forest itself, the wild peony is also protected, on account of which legends were created and a great popular celebration that takes place every year, the "Peony Festival". Also, in the forest at Hanu Conachi , the "Acacia Festival" is held every year. These two reserves are not only scientific objectives, but also permanent attractions for tourists. According to the Köppen climate classification ,
5280-724: The information was unavailable. From the point of view of the citizenship of the county residents, on December 1, 2021, 496,048 were Romanian citizens (99.83%), Moldovan - 322, Italian - 123, Turkish - 37, British - 30, Ukrainians - 30, Spanish - 23, Greeks - 20, Syrians - 20, Germans - 14, French - 13, Americans - 12, Dutch - 8, Iraqis - 7, Serbian - 4, Hungarians - 3. 39 inhabitants were citizens of other European countries, and 125 of countries from other continents. 3 were stateless, and 7 did not declare their citizenship. Galati County
5368-411: The inhabitants of Galicia - Ukrainians originally from the mountainous regions of the Carpathians - would have given the name to the city of Galați in the 13th century, when the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia expanded its area of commercial and political influence in Moldavia . This is the thesis favoured by Russian and Ukrainian historical circles. Also, the Serbs claim that the origin of
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#17327834655735456-418: The main lakes are Brateș 24 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi) and Tălăbasca. The maximum altitude is reached in the Fălciu Hills: 274 metres (899 ft). Due to its position on the outside of the Carpathian arc , Galați County occupies the area of interpenetration of the edges of the East-European, South-European and partly Central-European geographical sub-regions, which is faithfully reflected both in
5544-473: The main topics to provide a cultural, ethnographical , geographical, and historiographical background that forms an essential part of the narrative and provides readers with a wellspring of additional information. Herodotus was criticized in ancient times for his inclusion of "legends and fanciful accounts" in his work. The contemporaneous historian Thucydides accused him of making up stories for entertainment. He retorted that he reported what he could see and
5632-424: The matters covered is, in particular, the cause of the hostilities between Greeks and non-Greeks. His record of the achievements of others was an achievement in itself, though the extent of it has been debated. Herodotus's place in history and his significance may be understood according to the traditions within which he worked. His work is the earliest Greek prose to have survived intact. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ,
5720-407: The mouth of the Siret River - Barboși - Poiana - Trotuș - Oituz , which demonstrates the intensity of the material and spiritual activity of the natives. The Geto-Dacian culture is represented by settlements located on the current hearths of Galați and Frumușița and by the Piroboridava settlement ( Poiana ). Roman life was particularly intense. The Roman military fort from Barboși and
5808-400: The name is Galac . According to the other, the name derives from the Cuman galat , which appears, also from the 13th century, in other toponyms from the surroundings, for example Gălățui , a lake name whose suffix is Cuman (the suffix [-ui] means "water". The county lies on a low plain, between the Prut River to the east, the Siret River to the west and southwest. Both flow into
5896-610: The network of rural settlements, of which Slobozia Blăneasa , Slobozia Oancea , Slobozia Conachi , and Slobozia Corni still exist. In the second half of the 19th century, new rural settlements appeared as a result of the increase in the production of grain goods after the unification of the Romanian Principalities of 1859, the agrarian reform of 1864 and after the Rural Law of 1878. The different forms of population growth - migrations, agricultural herding, slow infiltrations and colonizations, immigrations ( Lipovans , Greeks, Bulgarians, Armenians, Jews etc.) - contributed to changing
5984-543: The old Neolithic, belonging to the Starčevo–Körös–Criș culture , which appear in the form of unfortified settlements, were also located. Traces of this culture were discovered at Negrilești and north of Tecuci , in the Bârlad River valley, at Munteni . In Berești , traces of the pre-Cucutenian and Cucutenian cultures were highlighted. The pre-Cucutenian culture is represented by bichrome and trichome painted ceramics at Stoicani , Măstăcani , Smulți , Drăgănești , Băneasa , Suceveni . The citadel of Stoicani shows, through
6072-414: The penetration of some influences of the Greek civilization from Dobrogea. Thus, Greek ceramics and coins were discovered in Galați , Barboși (neighborhood of the city Galați) and Frumușita , and in Galați it seems that there was even a Greek settlement. The archaeological remains allow the reconstruction of an axis of the penetration of Greek civilization and material culture in the direction of Histria -
6160-412: The period 2011-2020. The territory showed a sharp downward trend, of 6.5%, in the period 2012-2020, of the global population, while the downward trend of the working-age population was in the same period of 10.5%. Between 2010 and 2020, the average net salary was, each year, below the national average by about 11%, but the downward trend is clear. Between 2016 and 2020, the difference to the national average
6248-417: The point of view of mineral resources. Hydrocarbons (crude oil and natural gas) have been identified and are being extracted in the areas Schela - Independența , Munteni - Berheci and Brateș. Young and especially Quaternary geological formations, consisting of common clays, sands, gravels are exploited in Galați , Tecuci , Braniștea and in the minor bed of the river Prut , having particular importance for
6336-626: The population mentioned in the Bible in Paul the Apostle 's Epistle to the Galatians . And according to them, genealogy studies with modern tools of molecular genetics would support their thesis. However, the theory most accepted by historians is that the name Galați derives from old names of people, inhabitants of this area of the country. As Professor Păltănea also concludes, the onomastic value of
6424-414: The population of the county was 496,892 inhabitants (down from 2011 when 536,167 inhabitants were registered), which represents 2.61% of the total population of Romania (the country's fifteenth county). Of that population, 242,055 are men and 254,837 women, with 259,071 living in urban areas and 237,821 in rural areas. The population density is 111.3/km (288.1/sq mi). The seat of the county - Galați ,
6512-415: The production of rolled products and 90.4% of the production of cold-rolled sheets and strips. More than two-thirds of metallurgical production is exported. The naval industry (Damen Shipyard Galați), a branch of great tradition locally, produces river and sea vessels up to 65,000 tdw, as well as marine drilling platforms. In the economy of Galați County, agriculture occupies an important place, due to
6600-580: The remains of material culture, the occupations of hunting, animal husbandry and plant cultivation practiced by the inhabitants of this territory, as well as some household crafts, such as pottery, spinning, weaving. The continuity of the population is proven by the material cultures belonging to the period of transition to the Bronze Age , represented by the "shack" type settlements from Stoicani . The Iron Age left numerous material traces discovered and researched in more than 15 current localities, showing
6688-468: The research seem independent and "almost detachable", so that they might have been set aside by the author for the purposes of an oral performance. The intellectual matrix of the 5th century, Marincola suggests, comprised many oral performances in which philosophers would dramatically recite such detachable pieces of their work. The idea was to criticize previous arguments on a topic and emphatically and enthusiastically insert their own in order to win over
6776-474: The son of Sphynx lies; in Ionic history without peer; a Dorian born, who fled from slander's brand and made in Thuria his new native land. Yet it was in Athens where his most formidable contemporary critics could be found. In 425 BC, which is about the time that Herodotus is thought by many scholars to have died, the Athenian comic dramatist Aristophanes created The Acharnians , in which he blames
6864-462: The statements of the President of the County Council, Costel Fotea (May 2022), " the transformation of steel production is an approach that will be carried out in a context where, in recent years, technological developments and market conditions have determined a decline in the degree of employment in the metallurgical industry of the county. Thus, the number of employees decreased by more than 36% in
6952-469: The territory of Galați County belongs entirely to the continental climate sector. The southern and central part, which represents more than 90% of the surface, is a plain area, and the northern extremity - which accounts for almost 10% of the territory - is a hilly area. In both climatic areas, summers are very hot and dry and winters are frosty, marked by strong blizzards, but also by frequent temperature changes caused by advections of warm and moist air from
7040-432: The towns of Târgu Bujor and Berești ) and 61 communes comprising 180 villages. Confluence area between the Covurlui Plateau to the north (50% of the county's surface), the Tecuci and Covurlui plains (34%), and the lower Siret and Prut meadows to the south (16%), Galați County represents a unitary structure from the geomorphological point of view. The main watercourses are the rivers Danube , Prut , and Siret ,
7128-412: The towns of Berești and Târgu-Bujor have significantly lower percentages - 0.4% and 1.5% respectively. On the national economy as a whole, Galați county is the main producer of pig iron , crude steel , hot or cold-rolled sheets and strips, and the second in the production of maritime ships. The metallurgical industry in Galați (Liberty Steel Works) accounts for 55.6% of Romania's steel production, 55% of
7216-506: The two previous years it had recorded a surplus of 96 and 55.5 million euro respectively. Regarding the classification of economic activities in the county according to turnover in 2019, the first place is the activities of wholesale and retail trade, repair and maintenance of motor vehicles and motorcycles (41.79%), followed by those in the manufacturing industry (32.95%) and those from agriculture (9.71%) and construction (8.89%). In 2020, there were 51 tourist reception structures in
7304-413: The word Galați is proven by old inscriptions on which the names of people like Vasile Gălată , Petrea Galați , Marin Galați were found. In Romanian documents and chronicles, the name of the city is found in the form Gălați or Gălat , and in those from other countries it is mentioned as Gallaz , Galatz , Galazzo Finally, other hypotheses call for Slavic or Cuman etymologies. According to one,
7392-404: The young Herodotus heard local eyewitness accounts of events within the empire and of Persian preparations for the invasion of Greece , including the movements of the local fleet under the command of Artemisia I of Caria . Inscriptions recently discovered at Halicarnassus indicate that Artemesia's grandson Lygdamis negotiated with a local assembly to settle disputes over seized property, which
7480-468: Was -14%. The territory has an energy poverty rate of 55% in winter and 40% year-round. In December 2021, 10,626 unemployed persons were registered in the territory, of which 4,681 women. The unemployment rate was 5.65% in December 2021, nearly double the national average of 2.69% ". On May 1, 2023, the natural increase of the county's population was negative, respectively -695, the 6th highest in
7568-514: Was determined, in large part, by the fact that two of the most important militants for unification lived and worked here: Alexandru Ioan Cuza , former pârcălab ( burgrave ) of Covurlui County , and Costache Negri (born in the village of Mînjina ). At Mînjina, prominent personalities of the Romanian nation, such as Nicolae Bălcescu , Ion Ghica , Mihail Kogălniceanu , Vasile Alecsandri , Alecu Russo , and Grigore Alexandrescu participated in
7656-593: Was established in 1968, through the territorial reorganization of the former Galați Region [ ro ] , which included a territory similar to that of the current Brăila and Galați counties, plus the northern part of Tulcea County. Galați County is part of the South-East Development Region (together with the counties of Vrancea, Buzău, Brăila, Constanța and Tulcea), of the Lower Danube Euroregion (together with
7744-464: Was told. A sizable portion of the Histories has since been confirmed by modern historians and archaeologists . Modern scholars generally turn to Herodotus's own writing for reliable information about his life, supplemented with ancient yet much later sources, such as the Byzantine Suda , an 11th-century encyclopedia which possibly took its information from traditional accounts. Still,
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