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35-736: Ruins from the Japanese Paleolithic period have been discovered in the Hyūga area, and red-colored pottery made from cinnabar has been excavated from the Tsukahara ruins from the Jōmon period . The Hyūga region of the Yayoi period is characterized by the lack of bronze tools and the presence of gouged square stone knives , while imported ironware from the central Kyushu region have been unearthed. Many stories about Hyūga during this period appear in

70-621: Is not clear-cut and tends to indicate a fair amount of genetic intermixing between the earliest populations of Japan and later arrivals ( Cavalli-Sforza ). It is estimated that modern Japanese have about 10% Jōmon ancestry. Jōmon people were found to have been very heterogeneous. Jōmon samples from the Ōdai Yamamoto I Site differ from Jōmon samples of Hokkaido and geographically close eastern Honshu . Ōdai Yamamoto Jōmon were found to have C1a1 and are genetically close to ancient and modern Northeast Asian groups but noteworthy different to other Jōmon samples such as Ikawazu or Urawa Jōmon. Similarly,

105-540: Is the period of human inhabitation in Japan predating the development of pottery, generally before 10,000 BC. The starting dates commonly given to this period are from around 40,000 BC, with recent authors suggesting that there is good evidence for habitation from c. 36,000 BC onwards. The period extended to the beginning of the Mesolithic Jōmon period , or around 14,000 BC. The earliest human bones were discovered in

140-564: Is unique in that it incorporates one of the earliest known sets of ground stone and polished stone tools in the world, although older ground stone tools have been discovered in Australia. The tools, which have been dated to around 30,000 BC, are a technology associated in the rest of the world with the beginning of the Neolithic around 10,000 BC. It is not known why such tools were created so early in Japan. Because of this originality,

175-520: Is unknown. According to the shrine's legend, it was founded six years before Emperor Jimmu 's accession to the throne, when the Emperor departed Hyūga on his expedition to conquer the east. It is also claimed that Empress Jingū worshipped at this location for the safety of her fleet during her conquest of the Korean Peninsula , and said that the first time that the shrine was built was after

210-521: The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , particularly in the early "Age of the Gods" period in which the descendants of the kami , including Amaterasu , Amenohoakari , Hikohohodemi , Hoderi and others, descended on the peak of Takachiho , bringing to the primitive inhabitants the secrets of rice cultivation , metals working and advanced fishing and agricultural technologies, which later spread from this area to

245-652: The Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku . In the Engishiki , it is one of only four shrines listed for Hyūga Province, and at that time it was the largest shrine in Hyūga Province, with magnifient shrine buildings and vast estates. It was also involved in a protracted conflict with Tsuma Shrine , the Sōja shrine of the province. The details of this conflict are unknown as all of the ancient records have been destroyed. By

280-584: The Kamitakamori site , where he "found" the artifacts the next day. He admitted the fabrication in an interview with the newspaper. The Japanese Archaeological Association disaffiliated Fujimura from its members. A special investigation team of the Association revealed that almost all the artifacts which he had found were his fabrication. Since the discovery of the hoax, only a few sites can tentatively date human activity in Japan to 40,000–50,000 BC, and

315-737: The Kinai region began to appear in the area, including the Saitobaru Kofun Cluster . In the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki , Hyūga is called the “land of the Kumaso ” (熊曽国) of Tsukushi-no-shima (Kyushu), which is named along with the provinces of Tsukushi , Toyo and Hi . The Kumaso people were subjugated either by Yamato Takeru or his father Emperor Keikō . Also according to the Nihon Shoki , Emperor Keiko's son, Prince Toyokuni

350-510: The Kinai region . It is also noteworthy that Emperor Jimmu departed from Hyūga on his expedition to conquer what later became Yamato although ancient texts and mythology remain vague as to whether or not he was originally the ruler of Hyūga. During the Kofun period , influences of culture from the Asian continent became stronger and from the 4th century, burial mounds similar to those found in

385-567: The Konoe family . He took the name of "Shimazu" and his clan would rule southern Kyushu for the next 800 years. In 1197, Tadahisa was appointed as the shugo of Hyūga, along with Satsuma and Ōsumi. However, in 1203, Tadahisa was reduced to only Satsuma Province, and Hyūga was passed on to the Hōjō clan ; although Usa Hachiman-gu controlled the entire northern area of Hyūga. In the Nanboku-chō period,

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420-613: The Muromachi period the Tsuno Shrine was regarded as the ichinomiya of Hyūga Province. It was rebuilt by the local warlord Itō Yoshisuke in 1549; in 1578, during a conflict between Ōtomo Sōrin and the Shimazu Yoshihisa , the shrine was destroyed by fire, and the shrine buildings, shrine treasures, and ancient documents were all destroyed. The shrine never recovered, and by 1675, traveller's accounts stated that it

455-839: The Nagano Jōmon from the Yugora cave site are closely related to contemporary East Asians but genetically different from the Ainu people , who are direct descendants of the Hokkaido Jōmon. One study, published in the Cambridge University Press in 2020, suggests that the Jōmon people were rather heterogeneous, and that many Jōmon groups were descended from an ancient "Altaic-like" population (close to modern Tungusic -speakers, represented by Oroqen ), which established itself over

490-613: The Empress's triumphant return. In addition to the ruins dating back to the Jōmon period , the Tsuno area is home to more than 20 burial mounds (the Tsuno Kofun Cluster ), and pottery and stone tools have been excavated near the site of the shrine. In 837 the shrine was promoted to a government shrine, and in 843 was awarded Junior Fifth Rank, per the " Shoku Nihon Kōki "). In 858, it was promoted to Junior Fourth Rank per

525-513: The Japanese Paleolithic period in Japan does not exactly match the traditional definition of Paleolithic based on stone technology ( chipped stone tools). Japanese Paleolithic tool implements thus display Mesolithic and Neolithic traits as early as 30,000 BC. The Paleolithic populations of Japan, as well as the later Jōmon populations, appear to relate to an ancient Paleo-Asian group which occupied large parts of Asia before

560-486: The Jōmon and various paleolithic and Bronze Age Siberians. There were likely multiple migrations into ancient Japan. According to Mitsuru Sakitani , the Jōmon people were an admixture of two distinct ethnic groups: A more ancient group (carriers of Y chromosome D1a) that were present in Japan since more than 30,000 years ago and a more recent group (carriers of Y chromosome C1a) that migrated to Japan about 13,000 years ago (Jomon). Genetic analysis on today's populations

595-804: The Nara and Heian period was located in Koyu District, but the exact location is uncertain. It is presumed to be the Terasaki ruins, in what is now the city of Saito , but this identification is uncertain. The kokubun-ji of the province was the Hyūga Kokubun-ji , which was also located in Saito. The ichinomiya of the province is the Tsuno Shrine , located in Tsuno, Miyazaki , and the sōja of

630-699: The Sinodont group, which points to an origin among groups in Southeast Asia or the islands south of the mainland. Skull features tend to be stronger, with comparatively recessed eyes. According to “ Jōmon culture and the peopling of the Japanese archipelago ” by Schmidt and Seguchi, the prehistoric Jōmon people descended from a paleolithic populations of Siberia (in the area of the Altai Mountains ). Other cited scholars point out similarities between

665-662: The area had devolved into numerous semi-independent feudal estates with constantly shifting loyalties between the Northern Court and the Southern Court , with Hyūga as a battleground between the Ōtomo clan from Bungo in the north, the Shimazu clan in the south, and the Itō clan ruling from Obi in the center. However, in 1587, following Hideyoshi's iconquest of Kyūshū , the Shimazu clan surrendered, and Hyūga Province

700-493: The beginning of the Jōmon stratum (14,000 BC), and were not carried on further. However, since that first Paleolithic find by Tadahiro Aizawa , around 5,000 Paleolithic sites have been discovered, some of them at existing Jōmon archaeological sites, and some dating to the Pleistocene era. Sites have been discovered from southern Kyushu to northern Hokkaido , but most are small and only stone tools have been preserved due to

735-572: The city of Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture , which were determined by radiocarbon dating to date to around 18,000–14,000 years ago. The study of the Paleolithic period in Japan did not begin until quite recently: the first Paleolithic site was not discovered until 1946, right after the end of World War II . Due to the previous assumption that humans did not live in Japan before the Jōmon period , excavations usually stopped at

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770-580: The country as a reference. A very important such layer is the AT ( Aira - Tanzawa ) pumice , which covered all Japan around 21,000–22,000 years ago. In 2000, the reputation of Japanese archaeology of the Paleolithic was heavily damaged by a scandal, which has become known as the Japanese Paleolithic hoax . The Mainichi Shimbun reported the photos in which Shinichi Fujimura , an amateur archaeologist in Miyagi Prefecture , had been planting artifacts at

805-572: The court. The name “ Hyūga Province” appears in an article dated September 28, 698, in the second year of Emperor Monmu ’s reign in the Shoku Nihongi , but it is unclear when this country was established, and with the establishment of the Ritsuryō system from the end of the 7th century, Hyūga initially included what later became Satsuma Province and Ōsumi Province . In 702, Satsuma was separated from Hyūga, followed by Ōsumi in 713. However,

840-456: The expansion of the populations characteristic of today's people of China , Korea , and Japan . During much of this period, Japan was connected to the Asian continent by land bridges due to lower sea levels. Skeletal characteristics point to many similarities with other aboriginal people of the Asian continent. Dental structures are distinct but generally closer to the Sundadont than to

875-458: The first widely accepted date of human presence on the archipelago can be reliably dated c.  35,000 BC . One of the most important sites dating to these times is Lake Nojiri , which dates to 37,900 years Before Present (~36,000 BC), which shows evidence of butchery of two of the largest extinct megafauna species native to Japan, the elephant Palaeoloxodon naumanni , and the giant deer Sinomegaceros yabei . The Japanese Paleolithic

910-554: The high acidity of the Japanese soil. As the Paleolithic peoples probably occupied the wide coastal shelves exposed by lower sea levels during the Pleistocene, the majority of sites are most likely inundated. The study of the Japanese Paleolithic period is characterized by a high level of stratigraphic information due to the volcanic nature of the archipelago: large eruptions tend to cover the islands with levels of Volcanic ash , which are easily datable and can be found throughout

945-472: The local Hayato tribes of the area rebelled four times between the end of the 7th century and the early 8th century, which indicates that rule by Yamato was tenuous during this period. This cumulated in the Hayato rebellion of 720-721. The Hyūga-no-kuni Fudoki was compiled in the first half of the 8th century by Fujiwara no Umakai , who may have visited the area in person. The provincial capital during

980-516: The local hunter gatherers. This “Altaic-like” population migrated from Northeast Asia in about 6,000 BC, and coexisted with other unrelated tribes and or intermixed with them, before being replaced by the later Yayoi people . C1a1 and C2 are linked to the " Tungusic-like people ", which arrived in the Jōmon period archipelago from Northeast Asia in about 6,000 BC and introduced the Incipient Jōmon culture, typified by early ceramic cultures such as

1015-516: The province is the Tsuma Shrine , located in Miyazaki city. Per the Engishiki records of the mid- Heian period , only four shrines are listed, all of which were classified as "minor". In 1185, Tadahisa Koremune , possibly an illegitimate son of Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed to the position of jitō of Shimazu-shō (a large shōen estate located in southern Kyushu) belonging to

1050-469: The province. Following the Meiji restoration , each of the feudal domains briefly became prefectures. In December 1871, the area roughly north of the Ōyodo River became Mimisu Prefecture, and areas to the south became Miyakonojō Prefecture. On January 15, 1873 the two prefectures were merged to form Miyazaki Prefecture. However, Miyazaki Prefecture was merged with Kagoshima Prefecture on August 21, 1876, but

1085-474: The Ōdai Yamamoto I Site. Tsuno Shrine Tsuno Shrine ( 都農神社 , Tsuno Jinja ) is a Shinto shrine located in the Kawakita neighborhood of the town of Tsuno , Miyazaki Prefecture , Japan . It is the ichinomiya of the former Hyūga Province . The main festival of the shrine is held annually on December 5. The primary kami enshrined at Tsuno Jinja is: The foundation of Tsuno Shrine

Hyūga Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-481: Was a small, unattended shrine. The shrine was restored in its current form by Akizuki Tanemasa, the daimyō of Takanabe Domain , and in 1701, estates worth 20 koku were donated for its upkeep. Successive daimyō of Takanabe supported the shrine through the end of the Edo period . During the Meiji period era of State Shinto , the shrine was rated as a National shrine, 3rd rank ( 国幣小社 , Kokuhei Shosha ) under

1155-569: Was appointed Hyūga Kuni no miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Ojin ]. The existence of kofun clusters indicates that there was a political relationship between the local rulers and the Yamato Kingdom before the Asuka period . However, even into the Nara period the exact status of the area vis-a-vis Yamato remains unclear. In the time of Emperor Suiko , horses from Hyūga were famous with

1190-479: Was divided among the feudal lords who had distinguished themselves under Hideyoshi. Unlike many of the provinces of Kyūshū, Hyūga was not dominated by a single daimyō ; rather, it was divided into tenryō territory directly governed by the Tokugawa shogunate and a few small domains. In addition, Satsuma Domain and Hitoyoshi Domain had many scattered holdings, especially in the southern and western parts of

1225-540: Was reconstituted as Miyazaki Prefecture again on May 9, 1883, excluding some border areas which remained with Kagoshima. Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō ( 旧高旧領取調帳 ) , an official government assessment of the nation's resources, the province had 377 villages with a total kokudaka of 417,393 koku . Hyūga Province consisted of: [REDACTED] Media related to Hyuga Province at Wikimedia Commons Japanese Paleolithic The Japanese Paleolithic period ( 旧石器時代 , kyūsekki jidai )

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