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25-580: The town of Köyceğiz lies at the northern end of a lake of the same name ( Lake Köyceğiz ) which is joined to the Mediterranean Sea by a natural channel called Dalyan Delta. Its unique environment is being preserved as a nature and wildlife sanctuary, the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area . A road shaded with trees leads to the township that carries the same name as the river, Dalyan , which

50-680: A 286 ha (710 acres) zone is set aside as a nature reserve and arboretum for the preservation of the species. A large stand also surrounds Marmaris . Another sweetgum forest area of 88.5 ha (219 acres) under protection is situated in Burdur 's district of Bucak alongside Karacaören dam reservoir on the road to Antalya . The trees are also found locally in Denizli 's districts of Beyağaç and Tavas . The total area of pure sweetgum forests in Turkey covers 1,348 ha (3,330 acres), all in

75-636: A long, golden sandy beach at its mouth, is a nature conservation area and a refuge for rare loggerhead turtles ( Caretta caretta ) and blue crabs. There are 25 neighbourhoods in Köyceğiz District: Köyceğiz has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ), with very hot, dry summers, and mild, rainy winters. There are two kindergartens, 21 primary schools, 16 secondary schools, eight high schools, one public education center, one science and art center, and one teacher's house and art school affiliated with Ministry of National Education in

100-490: A prison island. It is no longer in use as such and has been deserted. The lake was formed about 7500 years ago, when the entire eastern part of the Mediterranean was afflicted by earthquakes. On the south side of Köyceğiz Lake, there is a NW - SE fault line , bordered by several sulfurous hot springs, amongst them Sultaniye Spa. The lake has evolved into an ecologically important area. Together with its banks and

125-466: A quarter of the total trunk lengthwise. Wounding the trunk causes sap to emerge, which can be further stimulated by tapping the trunk. The stripped sap is put in boiling water to soften, then pressed. The styrax is then diluted with water, keeping it soft and preserving its aroma. By steam distillation , a light yellow oil is obtained. There is a danger of the present generation of master oil makers not being replaced in near future. In English, this oil

150-556: Is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar , native to the eastern Mediterranean region , that occurs as pure stands mainly in the floodplains of southwestern Turkey and on the Greek island of Rhodes . Oriental sweet gum is a deciduous tree, 30–35 m (98–115 ft) in height with a trunk of 100 cm (39 in) in diameter. The unisexual flowers bloom from March to April. The fruits ripen in November to December, and

175-434: Is abundant with fish. At the northeast and southeast of Köyceğiz Lake there are plains, whereas other parts are surrounded by hills. The highest of these are Ölemez Mountain (937 meter) in the southwest, and Bozburun Tepesi (556 meter) in the south. In the lake there are five uninhabited islands, one of which is known as Hapishane Adası , Prison Island. Initially the island was used for military purposes, then turned into

200-431: Is also able to grow on slopes and dry soil. The bark is not cracked when young but fissured when old. The bark is grayish when young and turns grayish-brown or brown with age. Young lenticels are first greenish, then reddish-brown and thin. The lenticels on the bare and shiny lenticels are small and visible to the naked eye. The lateral buds are arranged in a multi-row spiral on the shoots and are more or less inclined to

225-464: Is connected to the Mediterranean through a narrow and reedy channel called "Dalyan" which flows by a township of the same name ( Dalyan ) and the ancient city of Kaunos . Dalyan channel joins the sea at İztuzu Beach . The surroundings of the lake as a whole and particularly the banks of its Dalyan sea connection are important nature reserves and popular tourist attractions. They are part of

250-430: Is known under several names, shortly as storax to include all sweetgum oils, or as styrax Levant , styrax gum, Asiatic storax, balsam storax, liquid storax, Oriental sweetgum oil, or Turkish sweetgum oil. Diluted with a suitable carrier oil , it is used externally in traditional medicine. It is a different product from the benzoin resin produced from tropical trees in the genus Styrax . The hydrocarbon styrene

275-401: Is named for Levant styrax from Liquidambar orientalis , from which it was first isolated, and not for the genus Styrax ; industrially produced styrene is now used to produce polystyrene plastics , including Styrofoam . The status of and developments regarding the protection of oriental sweetgum continue to occupy local and national environmental agenda at a critical level in Turkey. Among

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300-400: Is rarely 3 or 7. The margins of the leaves are fine and regularly toothed. At the base of the leaf blade, at the junction of the main veins, bundles of hairs are stalked, and on some leaves the hairs in question are negligible. The upper surface is completely bare and bright green. The stem of the leaf is thin and quite long. Male flowers are in the form of a board, and those on the upper axis of

325-410: Is situated on the inland waterway and is administratively a part of the neighboring district of Ortaca . Dalyan is highly popular with visitors and its maze of channels can be explored by boat. The restaurants which line the waterways specialize in fresh fish. High on the cliff face, at a bend in the river, above the ancient harbor city of Caunos , tombs were carved into the rocks. The Dalyan Delta, with

350-561: The Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area The lake is fed by the Namnam and Yuvarlakçay rivers and a number of mountain brooks. The water of brooks, melting water and fresh water wells, mixes with warm sulfurous water that is released from a fault and mildly brackish, oxygenated water that flows upriver with the rising tide. The depth of the lake varies from 20 to 60 metres. The lake

375-515: The Dalyan basin it comprises the Köyceğiz-Dalyan Special Environmental Protection Area . On the banks north of Sultaniye, northwest of Hamitköy, at Köyceğiz, at Kavakarası and at Tepearası, there are still vast marshy forests with the endemic Oriental Gumtree . The species primarily occurs in the province of Muğla, near Marmaris and in the Köyceğiz-Dalyan SEPA. The small wetlands around

400-413: The buds are dense and sessile, and those on the lower side are less frequent. The flowers are spherical, adorned with small reddish flowers. When the flower matures, it turns into a prickly cone and turns grayish-green. The female flowers are green when they first form, and later turn reddish. They are slightly hairy, remain unshed in the fruit and harden and gain a woody structure. The fruit hangs down at

425-482: The district. This geographical article about a location in Muğla Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lake K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz Lake Köyceğiz is an alluvial set lake in the Muğla Province of Turkey . Having an area of 5200 hectares, it is one of the vastest coastal lakes in the country. It bears the name of the town of Köyceğiz , situated on its north bank. It

450-441: The end of a long stalk. When they mature, they harden, the capsules open, and the seeds are shed. The color of the seed, which has very small wings, is dark brown, flattened, rounded at the bottom, and pointed at the tip. The seed coat is shiny, thin and hard. The forests of this Tertiary relict endemic taxon are found notably within a specially protected area between Dalyan and Köyceğiz in Muğla Province , Turkey, where

475-704: The island's north coast. The name in Turkish for the species is "Sığla ağacı", while the name in Greek is Ζητιά (Zitia). Used as a "love potion" and perfume by the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra in the past, oil ( Ancient Greek : στύραξ ) has also been used as a medicine since the Hippocratic period. The ancient Egyptians also used the oil during embalming. Amphorae filled with oil unearthed from sunken Phoenician ships show that sweetgum oil occupied an important place in Mediterranean trade in

500-498: The lake are interesting because of their birdlife. The area attracts many birdwatchers. The area is also rich with reptiles (tortoises, turtles, terrapins , and snakes) and insects (dragonflies, damselflies). Among the fish species in the lake are two endemic dwarf gobies, Knipowitschia byblisia and K. caunosi , which were only described to science in 2011. Liquidambar orientalis Liquidambar orientalis , commonly known as oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum ,

525-415: The lenticel. The apical bud is slightly larger than the lateral buds. The buds are egg-shaped, ellipsoid and pointed, shiny, and the margins of the scales are slightly lashed, brown and bare. The color of the scales is apple green-brown. When rubbed, it is aromatic. In leaves with five lobes and radial veins, each lobe is usually divided into secondary lobes. The number of lobes with a blunt or pointed tip

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550-408: The main causes for the loss of sweetgum forests was the cutting and felling of trees for opening new fields for agriculture, as well as the construction of three separate dams at localities that precisely corresponded to important habitats for the species. On Rhodes, development and tourism activities are considered a threat to the species. As such, Liquidambar orientalis holds an important position in

575-444: The past. The extraction of its sap and the production of a balsam based thereof ( sığla yağı ), as well as exports of these products, play an important role in the local economies of Greece and Turkey. The harvest of the sap and the preparation of the oil involve quite strenuous tasks lasting from May to November and consisting of several separate phases. The thick sap is obtained in the period June to September by gradually stripping

600-431: The seeds are wind dispersed. The tree is very attractive and especially valued for its colourful autumn leaves. Oriental sweet gum trees favour an elevation of between 0–400 m (0–1,312 ft), a mean annual rainfall of 1,000–1,200 mm (39–47 in) and a mean annual temperature of 18 °C (64 °F). The tree's optimal growth is on rich, deep and moist soils such as bogs, river banks and coastal areas, but it

625-467: The southwestern regions of the country. The present-day extension corresponds to a marked decrease since the 1940s level of 6,000–7,000 ha (15,000–17,000 acres), although the protective measures and infrastructure in place since the 1980s helped stop loss of stands and led to slight improvements. The species is also found on the Greek island of Rhodes, in a riparian forest inside a narrow, steep valley on

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