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31-527: (Redirected from Kōzu ) Kozu or Kōzu may refer to: Places [ edit ] Kōzu-shima (神津島), or Kozu Island, an island south of Tokyo Bay Kōzu (国府津), a place name in the eastern region of Odawara, Kanagawa Kōzu Station (Kanagawa) , a railway station in Odawara, Kanagawa Kōzu (高津), a place name in Chūō-ku, Osaka Kōzu Station (Osaka) (郡津駅),

62-640: A mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 27 members. Odawara contributes two members to the Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Kanagawa 17th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Odawara is a major commercial center for western Kanagawa Prefecture. Manufacturing includes light industry, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Agriculture and commercial fishing play

93-542: A law allowing the ownership for three generations of newly arable fields was promulgated in 723 (三世一身の法, Sanze-isshin Law ) and then without limits in 743 (墾田永年私財法, Konden Einen Shizai Law ). This led to the appearance of large private lands, the first shōens . Strict application of the Handen-Shūju system decayed in the 8th and 9th century. In an attempt to maintain the system, the period between each collection/distribution

124-486: A relatively minor role in the local economy. Odawara is also a bedroom community for Yokohama and Tokyo. Companies headquartered in Odawara include: Odawara has 25 public elementary schools and 12 public middle schools operated by the city government, and four public high schools operated by the Kanagawa Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for

155-595: A train station located in Katano, Osaka Prefecture People with the name [ edit ] Kozu Akutsu (born 1960), retired long-distance runner from Japan Kojin Kozu ( 神津 港人 , 1889–1978) , Japanese painter Masaaki Kozu (born 1974), Japanese cross-country skier who has competed since 1993 Fictional characters [ edit ] Kozu (Ninjago) , a character in Ninjago Topics referred to by

186-689: Is a major transit point for the Hakone hot springs resort area and the sightseeing locations of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park . Within the city itself, the Yugawara area is a well-known hot spring resort. Another castle, Ishigakiyama Ichiya Castle , was built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi . Enoura, a coastal area of Odawara known for its pristine sea, has an abundance of kumamomi , a type of fish that prefers clear and clean water. Sea turtles are sometimes present there. Because of

217-704: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Odawara, Kanagawa Odawara lies in the Ashigara Plains, in the far western portion of Kanagawa Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kantō region . It is bordered by the Hakone Mountains to the north and west, the Sakawa River to the east, and Sagami Bay of the Pacific Ocean to

248-516: Is the historical legal system based on the philosophies of Confucianism and Chinese Legalism in Feudal Japan . The political system in accord to Ritsuryō is called "Ritsuryō-sei" (律令制). Kyaku (格) are amendments of Ritsuryō, Shiki (式) are enactments. Ritsuryō defines both a criminal code ( 律 , Ritsu ) and an administrative code ( 令 , Ryō ) . During the late Asuka period (late 6th century – 710) and Nara period (710–794),

279-701: The Battle of Odawara in 1590, despite the impregnable reputation of Odawara Castle . The territory came under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu . Under the Tokugawa shogunate , Odawara was the center of Odawara Domain , a feudal han ruled by a succession of daimyō . The town prospered as Odawara-juku , a post station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto . After the Meiji Restoration , Odawara Domain briefly became 'Odawara Prefecture', which

310-624: The Great Kantō earthquake in 1923 was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. It devastated Tokyo , the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba , Kanagawa, and Shizuoka Prefectures , and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. Ninety percent of the buildings in Odawara collapsed immediately, and fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing. Odawara regained some measure of prosperity with

341-697: The Heian period , mostly controlled by the Hatano clan and its branches. During the Genpei War between the Heike clan and Minamoto no Yoritomo , the Battle of Ishibashiyama was fought near present-day Odawara. During the Sengoku period , Odawara developed as a castle town and capital of the domains of the later Hōjō clan , which covered most of the Kantō region . The Hōjō were defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in

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372-648: The Imperial Court in Kyoto , trying to replicate China 's rigorous political system from the Tang dynasty , created and enforced some collections of Ritsuryō. Over the course of centuries, the ritsuryō state produced more and more information which was carefully archived; however, with the passage of time in the Heian period, ritsuryō institutions evolved into a political and cultural system without feedback. In 645,

403-558: The Taika reforms were the first signs of implementation of the system. Major re-statements of Ritsuryō included the following: In the later half of the seventh century, the Kokugunri system ( 国郡里制 , kokugunri-sei ) was introduced, dividing the regions of Japan into several administrative divisions. In 715 CE, the Gōri system ( 郷里制 , gōri-sei ) was introduced, resulting in

434-524: The children of high-ranking public officials were nonetheless granted a minimal rank. This provision (蔭位の制 on'i no sei ) existed in the Tang law, however under the Japanese ritsuryo ranks for which it was applied were higher as well as the ranks obtained by the children. The highest rank in the system was the first rank (一位 ichi-i ), proceeding downwards to the eighth rank (八位 hachi-i ), held by menials in

465-560: The clear water and plentiful undersea life, many people come to Enoura for scuba diving . Traditionally, Odawara is known for its production of kamaboko processed fish, stockfish , umeboshi salted plums, and traditional herbal medicines. The Suzuhiro Kamaboko Village is a place to experience making and learning more about Odawara Kamaboko. The Odawara Hōjō Godai Festival , the city's biggest tourism event, takes place every May 3 during Golden Week . Ritsury%C5%8D Ritsuryō ( 律令 , Japanese: [ɾitsɯɾʲoː] )

496-401: The court whose functions had little to do with those kinds of powers and responsibilities which are conventionally associated with governing – for example: A global system of ranking for all public posts (官 kan , 官職 kanshoku ) was introduced with over 30 ranks (位 i , 位階 ikai ), regulating strictly which posts could be accessed by which rank. Ranking was supposed to be mostly merit-based,

527-563: The court. Below this, an initial rank called so-i (初位) existed, but offered few rights. The top six ranks were considered true aristocracy (貴 ki ), and were subdivided into "senior" (正 shō ) and "junior" (従 ju ) ranks (e.g. senior third-rank [正三位 shō san-mi ], junior second-rank [従二位 ju ni-i ]). Below the third rank, a further subdivision between "upper" (上 jō ) and "lower" (下 ge ) existed, allowing for ranks such as “junior fourth rank lower” (従四位下 ju shi-i no ge ) or “senior sixth rank upper” (正六位上 shō roku-i no jō ). Promotion in ranks

558-407: The following. This system was abandoned in 740 CE. The ritsuryō system also established a central administrative government, with the emperor at its head. Two departments were set up: Posts of those public Departments were all divided into four ranks ( shitō ): kami (長官), suke (次官), jō (判官) and sakan (主典). This ubiquitous pattern would be replicated consistently, even amongst members of

589-677: The handicapped. Odawara also has one private elementary school, one private middle school, two private high schools, and a private junior college, the Odawara Women's Junior College . [REDACTED] JR Tōkai - Tōkaidō Shinkansen [REDACTED] JR Tōkai - Gotemba Line [REDACTED] JR East - Tōkaidō Main Line [REDACTED] Odakyu Electric Railway – Odakyu Odawara Line [REDACTED] Izuhakone Railway - Daiyūzan Line [REDACTED] Hakone Tozan Railway - Hakone Tozan Line Besides Odawara Castle , Odawara

620-612: The opening of the Tanna Tunnel in 1934, which brought the main routing of the Tōkaidō Main Line through the city. Odawara was raised from the status of town to city on December 20, 1940. On August 15, 1945, Odawara was the last city in Japan to be bombed by Allied aircraft during World War II . On November 1, 2000, Odawara exceeded 200,000 in population, and was proclaimed a special city with increased autonomy. Odawara has

651-579: The population of Odawara peaked around the year 2000 and declined slightly since then. The area around present-day Odawara has been settled since prehistoric times, and archaeological evidence indicates that the area had a high population density in the Jōmon period . From the Ritsuryō system of the Nara period , the area became part of Ashigarashimo District of Sagami Province . It was divided into shōen during

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682-403: The provinces, increased dramatically as one advanced in rank. The average sixth-rank official might earn 22 koku of rice a year, but the fifth rank might earn 225 koku of rice, while a third rank official could earn as much as 6,957 a year. Registration of the citizens (戸籍 koseki ), updated every 6 years, and a yearly tax book (計帳 keichō ) were established. Based on the keichō , a tax system

713-483: The registration, each citizen over 6 was entitled to a "distributed field" ( 口分田 , kubunden ) , subject to taxation (approx. 3% of crops). The area of each field was 2 tan ( 段 ) for men (approx. 22 ares total), and two-thirds of this amount for women. (However, the Shinuhi and Kenin castes were only entitled to 1/3 of this area). The field was returned to the country at death. Land belonging to shrines and temples

744-594: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Kozu . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kozu&oldid=1182358678 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Japanese-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles containing Japanese-language text Short description

775-565: The south. Kanagawa Prefecture Odawara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Odawara is 13.4 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2,144 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.9 °C. Per Japanese census data,

806-712: Was based on the Ten Abominations of the Tang code, but two crimes related to family life—family discord and disruption of the family (through incest, adultery, etc.) —were removed. In accordance with Chinese legal codes, land as well as citizens were to be "public property" (公地公民). One of the major pillars of the Ritsuryō was the introduction of the Handen-Shūju (班田収受制) system, similar to the equal-field system in China. The Handen-Shūju regulated land ownership. Based on

837-612: Was established called (租庸調 So-yō-chō ). Tax was levied on rice crops but also on several local products (e.g. cotton, salt, tissue) sent to the capital. The system also established local corvée at a provincial level by orders of the kokushi (国司), a corvée at the Capital (although the corvée at the capital could be replaced by goods sent) and military service. A criminal system was introduced, with five levels of punishment ( 五刑 , gokei ) . It defined eight heavy crimes ( 八虐 , hachigyaku ) that were exempt from amnesty. The code

868-405: Was exempt from taxation. Collection and redistribution of land took place every 6 years. The population was divided in two castes, Ryōmin (良民) (furthermore divided into 4 sub-castes ) and Senmin (賤民) (divided into 5 sub-castes), the latter being close to slaves. Citizens wore different colors according to their caste. Several modifications were added over time. In order to promote cultivation,

899-408: Was extended to 12 years under Emperor Kanmu . At the beginning of Heian period , the system was almost not enforced. The last collection/distribution took place between 902 and 903. The caste system was less and less strictly enforced. Some Ryōmin would wed Senmin to avoid taxation, and Senmin/Ryōmin children would become Ryōmin. At the end of the 9th century / beginning of the 10th, the caste system

930-466: Was merged with the short-lived 'Ashigara Prefecture' before joining Kanagawa Prefecture in 1876. During this period, the center of economic and political life in Kanagawa shifted to Yokohama . Odawara suffered a strong decline in population, which was made more severe when the original route of the Tōkaidō Main Line bypassed the city in favor of the more northerly route via Gotemba . The epicenter of

961-458: Was often a very gradual, bureaucratic process, and in the early days of the Codes, one could not advance beyond sixth rank except by rare exception, thus causing a natural cut-off point between the aristocrats (fifth-rank and above [貴族 kizoku ]) and the menials (sixth-rank and below [地下 jige ]). Additionally, income in the form of koku (石, 1 koku = about 150 kilograms), or bushels of rice from

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