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54-401: In 2020, the street, with its surroundings, was protected by the law and declared a protected spatial cultural-historical unit . A total of twelve buildings situated along the street have been already previously declared a separate cultural monuments. Kneza Miloša begins at the intersection with Bulevar kralja Aleksandra . It receives the dead end Lazarevića street from the left and crosses

108-528: A direct traffic transversal which goes through the entire "Old" Belgrade, in the northeast to southwest direction. Named after the founder of the Obrenović, prince Miloš, it crosses three other streets named after members of the same dynasty: queen Natalija, king Alexander and king Milan. As it has many representative buildings, some of them were used by the Germans when they occupied Belgrade in 1941. During

162-464: A distinct cinematic stereotype appeared. In Mate Bulić 's album Gori borovina , there is a song "Ej, kavano", which describes the common stereotype of the kafana. Kafana is stereotyped as a place where sad lovers cure their sorrows in alcohol and music, gamblers squander entire fortunes, husbands run away from mean wives while shady businessmen, corrupt local politicians and petty criminals do business. As in many other societies, frequenting kafane

216-466: A garage at the empty lot next to the Foreign Ministry building. However, when the budget for 2023 was adopted, with projections until 2025, there were no funds allocated for this project. On 29 December 2020, the government of Serbia declared the street and its surroundings a protected spatial cultural-historical unit, and placed it under the legal protection. The protected area is bordered by

270-518: A kafana was a family business, a craft, passed on from generation to generation. As the Balkan cities grew in size and became more urbanized, kafana also shifted its focus a bit. Some started serving food and offering other enticements to potential customers since owners now had to compete with other similar establishments around the city. Most bigger towns and cities in this period had a Gradska kafana (City kafana) located in or around main square where

324-631: A negative reputation by extension. During the 1960s, in contrast to the state-sponsored Partisan films , Yugoslav movies of the Black Wave movement started depicting contemporary individuals from the margins of society. Run-down kafane would feature prominently in such stories. Socially relevant films like I Even Met Happy Gypsies , When Father Was Away on Business , Život je lep , Do You Remember Dolly Bell? , Specijalno vaspitanje , Kuduz , etc. all had memorable, dramatic scenes that take place in dilapidated rural or suburban kafana. Soon,

378-462: A social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated in the Ottoman Empire and spread to Southeast Europe during Ottoman rule, further evolving into the contemporary kafana. This distinct type of establishment is known by several slightly differing names depending on country and language: The word itself, irrespective of regional differences, is derived from

432-560: A straight line course in a south-westerly direction, the street ends at the Mostar interchange . The street originated during the rule of prince Miloš, and was originally called Topčiderski drum (Topčider road), as it connected the downtown with the Miloš' court in the Topčider wood ( Residence of Prince Miloš ). It was named after prince Miloš in 1872. At that time, National Assembly of Serbia

486-465: A vehicle similar to a circus wagon . The first known modern-day kavana in Zagreb was opened in 1749, and the institution was commonplace in Zagreb and many other Croatian cities by the end of the 18th century. By the 19th century, a distinction arose between the kavane , which were high-society establishments, and the working-class kavotočja . During the 18th and early 19th century, running

540-1135: Is a more general term encompassing all establishments serving coffee and alcohol drinks only, while kavana is the name for distinctly styled bistros described in this article. Currently, there are 5,206 kafeani in the country. According to the State Statistical Office, there are 989 kafeani (19% of the total number) in the capital Skopje , 413 in Tetovo , 257 in Bitola , 244 in Gostivar , 206 in Kumanovo , 205 in Struga , 188 in Ohrid and 161 in Strumica . City of Belgrade features many establishments equipped with extensive kitchens serving elaborate menus that are officially called restaurants yet most patrons refer to them as kafane . According to some,

594-521: Is seen as a mainly male activity, and "honest" women dare only visit finer ones, usually in the company of men. As mentioned, it is a very frequent motif of late-20th century commercial folk songs, perhaps the most famous being "I tebe sam sit kafano" ( I'm Already Sick of You, Kafana ) by Haris Džinović , "Kafana je moja sudbina" ( Kafana is My Destiny ) by Toma Zdravković , and the ubiquitous "Čaše lomim" ( I'm Breaking Glasses ), originally by Nezir Eminovski. In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain by becoming

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648-502: Is when the term kafana slowly began to be associated with something undesirable and suitable only for lower classes of society. By the 1980s, term kafana became almost an insult and most owners would steer clear of calling their places by that name, preferring westernized terms like restaurant , cafe , bistro , coffee bar , and so on, instead. On the other hand, terms birtija , bircuz and krčma are also used to denote, usually rural or suburban, filthy kafane. During

702-455: The Ottomans ruled Bosnia. They are now mostly frequented by local elders as well as the occasional tourist, and their numbers are dwindling. Most of the old centerpiece Gradske Kafane have been visually modernized and had their names changed in the process to something snappy and western-sounding. Most other establishments that offer similar fare target a younger crowd and prefer not to use

756-669: The Republic of Serbia that have the third level of the State protection. Those are part of the Cultural Property of Great Importance protection list. Potkaljaja , Pantelija , Potok Mahala Kafana Kafana is a distinct type of local bistro (or tavern ), common in former Yugoslav countries , which primarily serves alcoholic beverages and coffee , and often also light snacks ( meze ) and other food. Many kafanas feature live music performances. The concept of

810-577: The Turkish kahvehane ' coffeehouse ', which is in turn derived from the Persian term qahveh-khaneh (a compound of the Arabic qahve 'coffee' and Persian khane 'house'). In Macedonia , kafeana is sometimes confused with the more traditional meana , while the variant kafana (adopted from commercial Serbian folk-songs and popularized by domestic artists) may be used for

864-618: The outbreak of the coronavirus , new chief city urbanist Marko Stojčić sad that the project is moved to 2021–2022, not because of the pandemic, but because the construction is not ready anyway. Some reporters referred to the project as the "dream of Spanish boulevard". In May 2021, Stojčić admitted that they don't know where to place garages, that even the conceptual design is not drafted, and that works certainly will not start before 2023. However, deputy mayor Goran Vesić in September 2021 announced "serious reconstruction", with double avenues and

918-508: The 1970s and 1980s the term kafana became synonymous in the SFR Yugoslavia with decay, sloth, pain, backwardness and sorrow. Pop culture played a significant part in this transformation. With the expansion of radio and television, popular folk singers began to emerge, and they often used kafana themes in their songs. Since the connection between commercial folk and rural regressiveness was already well established, kafana, too, acquired

972-691: The 1998 façade cleaning of the building of the Ministry of the foreign affairs, Wehrmacht insignia were discovered below the surface layer. The street preserved many buildings from the Interbellum . A number of them are protected by the state as cultural and historical monuments. In 2016 city government announced a detailed reconstruction of the Kneza Miloša, based on the look of one of the main Barcelona 's avenues, Passeig de Gràcia . Reconstruction

1026-520: The Great street) as it was known, was turned into the city's main promenade or korzo . Queen Natalija often walked down the korzo , mingling with the people. The lower section of the street passed between affluent households with gardens and the Military Academy was also located there, whose cadets often paraded down the street as there was a bridle path , parallel to the street. As the tram

1080-529: The absence of mass media these bands strictly had a local character and would only play folk music that was popular within a particular region where the city lies. As the 20th century rolled on, Balkan cities saw waves upon waves of rural population coming in, especially after World War II , and kafane diversified accordingly. Some continued to uphold a higher standard of service, while others began to cater to newly arrived rural population that mostly found employment in factories and on construction sites. This

1134-464: The assassination. The decision provoked another negative public reaction, as it was part of the years long demolition of old buildings in Belgrade in order to accommodate investors. Protected Spatial Cultural-Historical Units (Serbia) Protected Spatial Cultural-Historical Units ( Serbian : Просторне културно-историjске целине / Prostorne kulturno-istorijske celine ) are the monuments in

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1188-406: The border between Stari Grad and Vračar, until the intersection with Kraljice Natalije / Masarikova , where it enters Savski Venac. It goes through and directly connects several old neighborhoods of Belgrade: Tašmajdan , Krunski Venac , Andrićev Venac , London , West Vračar and Mostar. Through its natural extensions on the north ( Takovska street) and south ( Bulevar Vojvode Putnika ), it makes

1242-457: The central Knez Mihailova Street became the main Belgrade promenade. Up to the 1890s, most of the street was populated with small, crumbly houses with orchards, fields and wooden fences. Only then construction of proper, nice houses began and after 1900 numerous villas were built along the street. At the end of the street, where the modern Mostar road interchange is, was kafana Kafana pocepanih gaća ("Torn nickers"). Queen Draga ordered for

1296-428: The corner with Masarikova street, a Communist Spasoje Stević attempted to assassinate the king Alexander I of Yugoslavia in 1921. As the king was in the carriage with the prime minister Nikola Pašić , Stević threw the grenade at the carriage but hit the telegraph line instead. King and prime minister were unharmed, but several pedestrians were wounded. The assassination attempt was organized by Mustafa Golubić , and

1350-513: The country with the most coffee houses per capita in the world. In fact, there are 654 coffee houses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to coffee houses closing down in Spain due to the economic crisis, and the fact that as many cafes open as they close in Albania. In addition, the fact that it was one of the easiest ways to make a living after

1404-591: The dynamite grenade was thrown by Stević from the Trade Ministry building (today Finance Ministry). When prime minister Zoran Đinđić was assassinated on 12 March 2003 in front of the building of the government, he was rushed to the ER via the Kneza Miloša, but the wounds were fatal. Kneza Miloša was heavily bombed by NATO in 1999. On 2/3 April 1999, both Ministry of the Interior buildings (MUP), federal and

1458-557: The early 20th century was Zlatna moruna ( transl.  The Golden Beluga ) at the Zeleni Venac neighbourhood where Young Bosnia conspirators frequently gathered while plotting the June 1914 assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand . Certain kafane had their names preserved through the structures that succeeded them in the same location; Palace Albanija , built in 1940 in central Belgrade got its name from

1512-640: The establishment described in this article; however, both terms are used interchangeably by some. The Slovenian kavarna shares neither its etymology nor its functionality with the Ottoman kahvehane, deriving instead from the coffeehouses of Vienna and thus not offering its guests alcoholic beverages or entertainment in the form of folk music. The term 'kavarna' is of Slovenian origin, like related Slovene terms for shopping or drinking venues such as 'pekarna' (bakery) and 'gostilna' (tavern). Nowadays in Serbia,

1566-400: The events connected with it, though they are results of the fact that most important government buildings are located in it. When Prince Mihailo Obrenović was fatally wounded in Topčider, it was this road through which the carriage with the wounded prince rushed downtown to try to save the prince's life. Still, the prince died during the ride, somewhere where the modern London building is. On

1620-573: The fall of communism in Albania, together with the country's Ottoman legacy further reinforce the strong dominance of coffee culture in Albania. Probably the purest form of kafana can be found in Bosnia where no food is served (differentiating kafana from ćevabdžinica , aščinica and buregdžinica ), staying true to the original Turkish coffee and alcohol concept. In Bosnian cities with large Muslim populations, one can still find certain old kafane that probably didn't look much different back when

1674-638: The first kafana in Belgrade opened sometime after 1738, when the Ottomans recaptured the city from the Austrians. Its name was Crni orao (Black Eagle) and it was located in Dorćol neighbourhood, at the intersection of today's Kralja Petra and Dušanova streets. Its patrons were only served Turkish black coffee poured from silver ibrik into a fildžan as well as nargile . The concept of eating in Serbian kafane

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1728-478: The intersections with Andrićev venac street on the right and Krunska on the left, and with the city's main street, Kralja Milana . The next intersection is with the streets Kraljice Natalije on the right and Masarikova on the left, and then it receives Admirala Geprata street from the right. From then on, it crosses the streets Nemanjina , Birčaninova , Vojvode Milenka , Miloša Pocerca , Višegradska and Durmitorska . After 1.87 km (1.16 mi) of

1782-565: The kafana that used to be there from 1860 until 1936. Post World War II period gave a rise in popularity to kafane like Šumatovac , Pod lipom ( transl.  Under the Linden Tree ), and Grmeč in Makedonska Street (nicknamed the 'Bermuda triangle'), Manjež, as well as later establishments like Madera , Kod Ive ( transl.  Ivo's ), and Klub književnika ( transl.  The Writers' Club ). Even

1836-471: The mid-1980s, kafić called Nana in Senjak neighbourhood became a favourite tough guy and mobster hangout. The trend of moving away from the term kafana continued into the 1990s, and early 2000s. With gentrification taking root in many parts of central Belgrade, these new establishments mostly stay away from traditionalism. Good examples of this would be the numerous watering holes that have sprung up over

1890-409: The most affluent and important individuals of that city would come to see and be seen. Prices in this particular kafana would usually be higher compared to others around the city that didn't enjoy the privilege of such an exclusive location. The concept of live music was introduced in the early 20th century by kafana owners looking to offer different kinds of entertainment to their guests. Naturally, in

1944-628: The name to be changed to Tri ključa ("Three keys"). Much later, this became the name of the park which was planted on this location, today also known as the Park Gazela, after the nearby bridge over the Sava river. The first traffic light in the Belgrade was placed at the crossroad of the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra , Takovska Street and the beginning of the Kneza Miloša in November 1939. The plan

1998-415: The names were awarded to the streets for the first time in the 19th century. From the beginning to the end, the street goes downhill, and since it is completely straight, it gives a nice panoramic view down the entire course. The street is 32 m (105 ft) wide, out of which 18.75 m (61.5 ft) is the driveway and 13.25 m (43.5 ft) sidewalks. In its first section, Kneza Miloša marks

2052-413: The owners of places that cater to them began avoiding it altogether. Terms such as "kafić", initially and later "kafe" began to be used more frequently. An example would be Zlatni papagaj ( transl.  Golden Parrot ) in Belgrade, a kafić that opened in September 1979 and almost immediately became the main gathering point for the city's well-dressed youngsters from affluent families. Similarly in

2106-417: The project. Though the blueprints for the underground garages were made, it was decided then to build the one leveled, above the ground. As many military objects are in the street, the city contacted military authorities asking where the large garage should be located, but the Ministry of Defense didn't answer. The project would have to be changed again after the military picks the location. In April 2020, during

2160-478: The projected cost of €7 million and in August 2017 the building permits were obtained but the works were moved to the spring of 2018, In November 2017, construction of the garages was pushed to 2019. In September 2019, when reconstruction of the sidewalks was to begin, the works were moved for spring 2020, with a major change in the plan - the underground, elongated garages stretching for a kilometer, were dropped from

2214-523: The republic's one, were bombed. On 29/30 April Ministry of Defense and Serbian General Staff were demolished, Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs was hit again and the Government Building was damaged. On 7/8 May General Staff and Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs were bombed again and on 24/25 May the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia. Kneza Miloša is one of 34 streets in downtown Belgrade which have never changed their names since

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2268-478: The street marked an eastern border of urban Belgrade. The commercial zone, with grocery stores ( čaršija ), spread from Terazije to the street, while from this point on, the gardens and fields extended to the east until the marshy pond where the Slavija Square is today, where local population went for duck hunting. Where the major crossroad of Kneza Miloša and steep Nemanjina streets is today, Topčider road

2322-410: The streets: Kneza Miloša, Krunska, Resavska, Višegradska, Durmitorska, Sarajevska, Hajduk Veljkov Venac, Balkanska, Admirala Geprata, Dobrinjska, Kralja Milana and Andrićev Venac. On the same day the protection was adopted, a building which is covered with the protected area, at 14 Admirala Geprata Street, was exempt from the protection, and the investor was granted the right to demolish it. The building

2376-688: The term kafana is similarly used to describe any informal eatery serving traditional cuisine, as well as some other classical kafana dishes like karađorđeva . The first coffeehouses in the area appeared during the Ottoman expansion in the 16th century, popping up in Belgrade , Buda , Sarajevo and other cities under Ottoman control. Further west, in Zagreb , the first coffee-serving establishments were recorded in 1636. In these kavotočja or Kaffeebuden , coffee and snacks were sold and consumed in

2430-518: The term kafana . However, stereotypical kafanas hold some popularity amongst high-schoolers and students, as well as working-class men, who frequent them as places to binge drink due to their affordable prices. In Croatia , the term for kafana is ka v ana (as coffee is spelled kava in Croatian ) and they differ widely between continental Croatia and the Dalmatian coast . Kafić (pl. kafići )

2484-450: The traditionally upscale restaurant joints like Ruski car ( transl.  Russian Tsar ) and Grčka Kraljica ( transl.  Greek Queen ) weren't above being referred to as kafana. Things have somewhat changed, however, since approximately the 1970s with the influx of Western pop and media cultures taking root. Most of the younger Serbian crowd started to associate the term kafana with something archaic and passé so

2538-523: Was Zvezdan Jovanović 's vantage point in the assassination of prime minister Zoran Đinđić . Investors from Cyprus envisioned a square edifice with "transparent" ground floor, which would allow a view from the street on the Hammam of Prince Miloš , which is on the other side of the building, in the Gavrilo Princip Park. They will also have to commemorate in some way the role of the building in

2592-739: Was actually crossing over the stream of Vračarski Potok, which was draining the Slavija Pond into the pond of Bara Venecija in the Savamala neighborhood. Only after the Belgrade Main railway station was built in Bara Venecija in 1884, the stream was conducted underground and the Nemanjina was transformed into the proper street. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Kneza Miloša (or Miloša Velikog (Miloš

2646-490: Was charged with making the city greener. In the process of planting trees across Belgrade, he arranged the Košutnjak and Topčider parks (including park's nursery garden) and planted avenues along Terazije and Topčider Road. While he embellished Terazije with chestnut trees, he formed an avenue of Lombardy poplars in the upper, more urbanized part of Topčidеr Road, while on the lower Nikolić planted poplars . In this period,

2700-850: Was introduced in the 19th century when the menu consisted mostly of simply snacks, such as ćevapčići . The menus soon expanded as food became large part of the appeal of Belgrade kafane that originated in the 19th and early 20th century like the famous ″ ? ″ ( transl.  Question Mark ), Lipov lad ( transl.  The Linden Tree's Shade , opened in 1928), and Tri lista duvana ( transl.  Three Tobacco Leaves ), as well as Skadarlija bohemian spots Tri šešira ( transl.  Three Hats ), Dva bela goluba ( transl.  Two White Doves ), Šešir moj ( transl.  Hat of Mine ), Dva jelena ( transl.  Two Deer ), Zlatni bokal ( transl.  The Golden Pitcher ), and Ima dana ( transl.  There are Days ). Another kafana that gained notoriety during

2754-459: Was introduced to the street, among the first in Belgrade, korzo lost its function. The tram line, Belgrade-Topčider, was a sort of an excursion line, which Queen Natalija also often used, travelling with her son and future king, Alexander I of Serbia . She preferred the tram over the fiacre . Also colloquially styled the Korzo of Queen Natalija, the street lots this function completely by 1910 when

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2808-588: Was located at the intersection with the Kraljice Natalije street, like some of the ministries. The assembly building was a humble, low and unrepresentative edifice, so sometimes the deputies held sessions in the "Kasina" hotel on the Terazije square. In its upper, urban part, the road was fully formed in the 1840s, as part of the development plan for this section of Belgrade. The plan was drafted by Franz Janke. Atanasije Nikolić , engineer and urbanist,

2862-492: Was to include adding one more traffic lane, green island in the middle of street, thick avenues , widened sidewalks, bicycle paths, underground garage with 427 parking spots and glass, decorative entrances into the garage. According to the chief city urbanist Milutin Folić, the works were to begin by the mid-2017 and to finish by the summer of 2018. The garage was planned to cover an area of 12,100 m (130,000 sq ft) with

2916-514: Was to place them at every busy crossroad in the city, but the outbreak of World War II squashed the plans. Instead, the second traffic light was placed only in 1953, in the neighborhood of London, at the crossroad of the Kneza Miloša and Maršala Tita (today Kralja Milana). In 1965, along the entire route of the Kneza Miloša-Takovska streets, the first green wave was introduced. The street gained somewhat of an assassination notoriety, due to

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