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56-474: Kołomyja may refer to the following places: Kolomyia , Ukraine (called Kołomyja in Polish) Kołomyja, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

112-600: A Hungarian contingent commanded by William Drugeth entered the Ruthenian border and fought against the Mongols. Eufemija, Yuri Boleslav's widow, was drowned in the Vistula in winter 1342 to keep her out of the succession disputes. Detko, who managed to play Poles, Lithuanians, and Mongols against each other, disappeared from written sources in 1344. The same year direct conflict between Poland and Lithuania renewed, but soon

168-679: A deputy mayor stopped them. The Ukrainians prepared lists of Jews they wanted to see punished. On 1 August the town became part of the German controlled Generalgouvernement and the anti Jewish measures increased. In October, the Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries arrested 3000 Jews according to the lists prepared by the Ukrainians. These Jews were taken by truck to the Szeparowce Forest where they were shot. The Great Synagogue in

224-570: A large campaign against the pagan Lithuanians with a special permission from Pope Innocent VI . After the campaign did not achieve the desired results, Casimir contemplated an alliance with the Lithuanians. In 1366, Casimir, allied with Siemowit III of Masovia and nephews of Liubartas, resumed the war. As Algirdas was involved in conflicts in the east and Kęstutis fought with the Teutonic Knights, Liubartas had to defend alone and

280-664: A larger army, conquered Lviv and burned down the Lviv High Castle. After four weeks he reached an agreement with local nobles and their leader Dmytro Dedko : in return for their services, local nobles would enjoy protection from the Polish king. However, the agreement was short-lived. The data is sparse, but it seems that Galicia–Volhynia was divided between the Lithuanians (Liubartas ruled in Volhynia and its chief city Volodymyr ) and local nobles (Detko ruled Galicia). During

336-430: A paper mill, a clothes factory on Valova St, a printing house on Mazepa St., and a canned fruit plant. Most of these companies were widely known in the former Soviet Union and abroad, as they were highly advanced in terms of equipment, skilled workers, and engineering staff. These enterprises produced many products, with people working in several shifts, and providing the village with received significant tax revenues. It

392-711: A peace treaty was signed: Volhynia was assigned to Liubartas and Galicia to Casimir. After the Lithuanians were defeated in the Battle of Strėva by the Teutonic Knights in 1348, Liubartas lost all territories except for eastern Volhynia with Lutsk to Casimir and his ally Louis I of Hungary (Louis was promised the territories if Casimir died without an heir). Liubartas' brothers Algirdas and Kęstutis organized several expeditions to Poland and Red Ruthenia . Lithuanians allied themselves with Muscovy : Liubartas married an unnamed daughter of Konstantin of Rostov ,

448-534: A relative of Simeon of Moscow , and Algirdas married Uliana of Tver , sister-in-law of Simeon. In spring 1351, Lubartas was taken prisoner by Louis, but was released in summer after a truce was agreed upon with Kęstutis. The deal fell through and more military attacks followed in 1352. Another truce, rather favorable to the Lithuanians, was signed in fall 1352: Lubartas received not only Volhynia and Podolia , but also Belz and Chełm . However, already in 1353, Liubartas attacked again. Casimir responded by organizing

504-491: A stone-built church there. In 1405 the town's town rights were confirmed and it was granted with the Magdeburg Law , which allowed the burghers limited self-governance. This move made the development of the area faster and Kołomyja, as it was called then, attracted many settlers from many parts of Europe. Apart from the local Ukrainians and Poles , many Armenians , Jews , and Hungarians settled there. In 1411

560-608: A summer theatre in the present Trylovskoho park (formerly named Kirov park). A film store of regional importance also closed down. As a result, many people found themselves unemployed, and many town residents felt forced to move abroad to find work. Those companies that have remained from the Soviet era barely function. These include a curtain factory, a paper mill, Metalozavod , Plant PRUT (programmable electronic educational terminals),a cheese factory, "Kolomyiasilmash", Kolomyia Plant management of building materials, Kolomyia Motor Company,

616-557: Is a city located on the Prut River in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast ( province ), in western Ukraine . It serves as the administrative centre of Kolomyia Raion ( district ). The city rests approximately halfway between Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi , in the centre of the historical region of Pokuttia , with which it shares much of its history. Kolomyia hosts the administration of Kolomyia urban hromada , one of

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672-576: Is a sister village of Nysa in Poland, to which many of its former inhabitants had to move after the war. Since late 2015, Kolomyia has been the headquarters of the Ukrainian 10th Mountain Brigade . Until 18 July 2020, Kolomyia was incorporated as a town of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Kolomyia Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of

728-530: The Kingdom of Hungary . After Louis death in 1382, Liubartas captured castles ruled by Hungarians (including Kremenets and Przemyśl ), but did not renew a full-scale war. At the time Lithuania, Poland, and Hungary, all three main contenders for the former Galicia–Volhynia, were engulfed in dynastic succession disputes. Polish nobles crowned Hungarian Jadwiga of Poland as their king and invited Lithuanian Jogaila to become her husband. Jadwiga and Jogaila signed

784-1111: The USSR Law "On the inclusion of the Western Ukraine in the Soviet Union to the reunification of the Ukrainian SSR " (1 November 1939) at the request of the Commission of the Plenipotentiary of the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine . The decision to file motions stipulated in the Declaration "On joining of Western Ukraine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic " was adopted by the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine in Lviv , 27 October 1939. On 14 November 1939,

840-754: The Union of Krewo in 1385, creating a personal union between Poland and Lithuania. In 1387, Jadwiga attached Galicia to Poland for good. Liubartas died ca. 1384 and his throne was inherited by his son Fëdor. Jogaila started limiting Fëdor's sovereignty in Volhynia. Jogaila, hoping to reconcile with his cousin Vytautas after the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84) even promised Lutsk and Volodymyr to Vytautas. However, that did not appease Vytautas, who sought to regain his patrimony in Trakai and gain power in

896-479: The hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 60,821 (2022 estimate). The city is a notable railroad hub, as well as an industrial centre ( textiles , shoes, metallurgical plant, machine works, wood and paper industry). It is a centre of Hutsul culture. Until 1925 the town was the most populous town in the region. Before the Holocaust about half the town’s population was Jewish . The settlement of Kolomyia

952-662: The Austrians, and many Jewish homes were ransacked and destroyed. The Russian advance occupied the town in September 1914. In 1915 the Austrians retook the town. As a result of the collapse of Austria-Hungary , both the town itself and the surrounding region became disputed between renascent Poland and the West Ukrainian People's Republic . However, during the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1919, it

1008-525: The Moldavian prince Stephen the Great , and it is one of the earliest known uprisings of Ukrainians against Polish oppression. Besides Kolomyia, these rebellions saw the capture of other cities of Pokuttia , and reached as far west as Lviv, but without capturing the latter. With the death of Stephen the Great of Moldavia, the neighbouring state started to experience both internal and external pressure from

1064-402: The Moldavian prince as support in his battles, which he won in the end. In 1490, due to increased oppression of Ukrainians at the hands of the Polish, a series of successful rebellions was led by modern Ukrainian hero Petro Mukha, joined by other Ukrainians, such as Cossacks and Hutsuls, in addition to Moldavians ( Romanians ). Known as Mukha's Rebellion , this series of battles was supported by

1120-521: The Szeparowce Forest or sent to Belzec. Only about 200 Jews were still alive when the Red Army liberated Kolomyia from the German invaders on 28 March 1944. Other Jews who had been deported or fled to the Soviet Union survived there. After liberation, many construction workers, teachers, doctors, engineers and other skilled professionals began to arrive to restore the ruined town. They arrived from

1176-708: The Third Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Soviet of USSR decided: "Accept Western Ukraine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , and thus reunite the great Ukrainian people in a unified Ukrainian state." In 1940 part of the local population, Jews and Christians alike, were arrested by the NKVD , and sent to the Gulag system or to various Soviet prisons that contained Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, Hungarians, and many others. In June 1941,

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1232-470: The Turks. As a consequence of border skirmishes, as well as natural disasters, the town was struck by fires in 1502, 1505, 1513, and 1520. Władysław II Jagiełło , needing financial support in his battles against the Teutonic Knights , used the region as a guarantee in a loan which he obtained from Petru II of Moldavia , who thus gained control of Pokuttia in 1388. Therefore, it became the feudal property of

1288-516: The administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six, the town of Kolomyia was merged into Kolomyia Raion. Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census : Kolomyia is twinned with: Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia Wars Brothers Andrew and Leo II died ca. 1322, leaving no male successor in Galicia–Volhynia. Instead of promoting his son Liubartas (who

1344-411: The castle on the hill above the town to Maria, widow of Prince Iliaș of Moldavia as a dowry. In exchange, she refurbished the castle and reinforced it. In 1456 the town was granted yet another privilege. This time the king allowed the town authorities to stop all merchants passing by the town, and force them to sell their goods at the local market. This gave the town an additional boost, especially as

1400-527: The compromise, Bolesław was betrothed to Eufemija, daughter of Gediminas. He was poisoned in April 1340 by local nobles who resented growing Polish and Bohemian influence in the court. Yuri Boleslav did not have an heir and his death upset fragile power balance in the region. Within days of Yuri Boleslav's murder, Casimir III of Poland invaded the kingdom to save Polish merchants and Catholic residents from attacks in Lviv . In June 1340, Casimir returned with

1456-458: The defence were slaughtered, while the rest were forced to pay high indemnities. The town was returned to Poland soon afterwards, but the city's growth lost its momentum. In 1620, another Polono-Turkish war broke out. After the Polish defeat at Țuțora , Kolomyia was yet again seized by the Turks. In 1626 the town was burned to the ground, while all of residents were enslaved in a jasyr . After

1512-534: The development of infrastructure, the town became a major railroad hub, as well as the garrison village of the 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment . In the interbellum period, every Thursday a market took place at the main square of the town. The town had a monument to Polish poet Franciszek Karpinski , a monument to Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz , and an obelisk near the town, located in a spot where in 1485 hospodar Stephen III of Moldavia paid tribute to king Kazimierz IV Jagiellon . In 1920-30s workers' strikes took place in

1568-585: The eastern part of Ukraine and other parts of the Soviet Union. But the Jewish community was not revived. During the Cold War the town was the headquarters of the 44th Rocket Division of the Strategic Rocket Forces , which had previously been the 73rd Engineer Brigade RVGK at Kamyshin . The division was disbanded on 31 March 1990. It is now a part of Ukraine , independent since 1991. By

1624-464: The end of that century, commerce attracted even more inhabitants from all over Galicia . There were established publishers and print houses. Moreover, a new Jesuit Catholic church was built in Kolomyia, as it was called by German authorities, along with a Lutheran church built in 1874. By 1901 the number of inhabitants grew to 34,188, approximately half of them Jews. In 1900 the Jewish population

1680-567: The fortress-town was given away for 25 years to the Vlach Hospodar Olexander as a gift for his support in the war against Hungary. In 1443, a year before his death, King Wladislaus II of Poland granted the town yet another privilege which allowed the burghers to trade salt , one of the most precious minerals of the Middle Ages . Since the castle gradually fell into disarray, in 1448 King Casimir IV of Poland gave

1736-467: The ghetto, being fit to work. Those in hiding were shot, and others sent to Belzec to be murdered. Jews from surrounding villages were brought to the ghetto and they too, with more Kolomyia Jews, were sent to Belzec. In February 1943, the last Jews, who had been kept behind as laborers were killed by clubbing and shooting. Overall, more than 70,000 Jews from Kolomyia and the area were killed in Kolomyja and

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1792-412: The history of Galicia can be read in the article Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria . However, as it provided very little profit, Kolomyia was sold to the castellan of Bełz , Ewaryst Kuropatnicki , who became the town's owner. The magnate financed a new Our Lady's Church, but he lacked the financial means to accelerate the town`s growth. Prosperity returned to the town in the mid-19th century, when it

1848-623: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kołomyja&oldid=932948466 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Kolomyia Kolomyia , formerly known as Kolomea ( Ukrainian : Коломия , pronounced [koloˈmɪjɐ] ; Polish : Kołomyja ; German : Kolomea ; Romanian : Colomeea ; Yiddish : קאָלאָמיי ‎ , romanized :  Kolomey ),

1904-543: The next 15 years, until Petru Rareș's death. The following year, hetman Jan Tarnowski recaptured the town and defeated the Moldavians in the Battle of Obertyn . This victory secured the city's existence for the following years, but the Ottoman power grew and Poland's southern border remained insecure. In 1589, the Turks crossed the border and seized Kolomyia almost immediately. All the burghers who had taken part in

1960-583: The northern shores of the Black Sea . This became a direct threat to Moldavia. In search of allies, its ruler Stephen the Great came to Kolomyia and paid homage to the Polish king, thus becoming a vassal of the Polish Crown . For the ceremony, both monarchs came with roughly 20,000 knights, which was probably the biggest festivity ever held in the town. After the festivity most knights returned home, apart from 3,000 under Jan Karnkowski, who were given to

2016-479: The other for Orthodox . In 1388 the king Władysław Jagiełło was forced by the war with the Teutonic Order to pawn the area of Pokuttia to the hospodar of Moldavia , Petru II . Although the town remained under Polish sovereignty, the income of the customs offices in the area was given to the Moldavians, after which time the debt was repaid. In 1412 the king erected a Dominican order monastery and

2072-468: The princes of Moldavia , but remained within the Kingdom of Poland . After the Battle of the Cosmin Forest , in 1498, Pokuttia was conquered by Stephen the Great , annexed and retained by Moldavia until the Battle of Obertyn in 1531, when it was recaptured by Poland's hetman Jan Tarnowski , who defeated Stephen's son Petru Rareș . Minor Polish-Moldavian clashes for Pokuttia continued for

2128-528: The region was one of three salt-producing areas in Poland (the other two being Wieliczka and Bochnia ), both not far from Kraków . The area was relatively peaceful for the next century. However, the vacuum after the decline of the Golden Horde started to be filled by yet another power in the area: the Ottoman Empire . In 1485 Sultan Beyazid II captured Belgorod and Kilia , two ports on

2184-505: The time of independence the vast majority of industrial enterprises of Kolomyia had closed or had been eliminated: Plant "Kolomyiasilmash", "Zahotzerno", plant "Elektroosnastka", factory "17 September", a shoe factory, a woodworking factory, plant KRP (complete switchgears),the printing house on Valova St.,a brush manufacturer, a weaving factory and many others. Also shut down were movie theatres; there had been four: Irchan movie theatre, Kirov movie theatre, movie theatre "Yunist" (Youth), and

2240-401: The town was bombed by Nazi Germany airforce. This caused many Jews and young people to flee east. Briefly, the town was occupied by Hungary, a German ally. During their occupation, the Ukrainian townspeople launched a pogrom against Jews, beating, robbing, and humiliating them. Several hundred were forced to remove Lenin's statue from the town square. Ukrainians were preparing to shoot many when

2296-691: The town was burned. The next month, 2000 more were taken to the same forest by the Germans and their Ukrainian allies and shot and in December another 1200 suffered the same fate. More Aktions followed in January though March 1942 so that the Jewish population of the town, which had been 30,000 before June was now only 17,000. At this point, the Germans established a ghetto forcing Jews to move there within 24 hours. In April 5000 Jews were rounded up and sent to Belzec , where they were immediately murdered. In September 1942, more than 1000 Jews were selected to stay in

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2352-595: The town was occupied by the Red Army . As a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , the occupied town became a part of the Soviet Union as a region of the Ukrainian SSR . The accession of the Western Ukraine to the Soviet Union (Reunion of Western Ukraine and USSR ) – the adoption of the Soviet Union in Western Ukraine with the adoption of an Extraordinary Session V of the Supreme Soviet of

2408-549: The village, possibly organized by the Communist Party of Western Ukraine that was established in Kolomyia in 1923. In 1921 a music school was established in Kolomyia. After the outbreak of World War II with the Invasion of Poland of 1939, the town was thought of as one of the centres of Polish defence of the so-called Romanian Bridgehead . However, the Soviet invasion from the east made these plans obsolete, and

2464-546: The war the area yet again returned to Poland. With the town in ruins, the starosta of Kamieniec Podolski fortress financed its reconstruction – slightly further away from the Prut River . The town was rebuilt, but never regained its power and remained one of many similar-scaled centres in the area. During the Khmelnytskyi Uprising in 1648–54, the Kolomyia county became a centre of a peasant unrest (Pokuttia Uprising) led by Semen Vysochan. The rebels' centre

2520-511: The winter of 1340–1341, the Golden Horde (probably with Lithuanian help) attacked Poland and reached Lublin as a result of diminished tribute from the principality to the Mongol khan. John of Winterthur reports attacks by the Mongols on Hungary, the March of Brandenburg and Prussia during this period as well. The raid weakened Polish influence in the principality. In order to assist Casimir,

2576-711: Was seized without a fight by the Romanian Land Forces under General Iacob Zadik , and handed over to Polish authorities. According to the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia , it was taken over by the Polish bourgeoisie and land owners. During the Polish-Bolshevik 1919 war in Ukraine, a Polish division under General Zeligowski tore through Bessarabia and Bukovina and stopped in Kolomyia during its winter march to Poland. Kolomyia

2632-492: Was 16,568, again nearly 50% of the town's population. The Jewish community had a Great Synagogue, and about 30 other synagogues. In 1910 Jews were prohibited from selling alcoholic beverages. In 1911 they were prohibited from salt and wine occupations. After the outbreak of World War I , the town saw fierce battles between the forces of the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary . Jews were abused for supposedly supporting

2688-399: Was a town of Otynia . With the help of incoming Cossack forces, Vysochan managed to overtake the important local fortress of Pniv (today – a village of Nadvirna Raion ) and eventually managed to take under its control most of cities and villages in the region providing great support for the advancing Cossack forces of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi . Soon however with advancing Polish troops, Vysochan

2744-477: Was annexed to Poland by King Casimir III following the Galicia–Volhynia Wars , along with the rest of the Kingdom of Rus' . Sometime in the 1340s, another fortress was erected there. In a short time the settlement became one of the most notable centres of commerce in the area. Because of that, the population rose rapidly. Prior to 1353 there were two parishes in the settlement, one for Catholics and

2800-518: Was defeated. In fall 1366, a treaty was signed: Liubartas retained only eastern Volhynia with Lutsk and became somewhat dependent on Poland (he had to retain neutrality in case Poland attacked Lithuania). Casimir awarded his allies: Yuri, son of Karijotas , received Chełm , his brother Alexander received Volodymyr , and Yuri, son of Narimantas , continued to rule Belz . In 1370, Liubartas took advantage of Casimir's death and captured all of Volhynia, including Volodymyr. Between 1370 and 1387 Galicia

2856-612: Was first mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in 1240 and the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle in 1241 a time of the Mongol invasion of Rus' . Initially part of Kievan Rus' , it later belonged to one of its successor states , the principality of Halych-Volhynia . On the order of Boroldai , the town fortress was burnt down in 1259. Since the mid-13th century it was known for its salt mining industry. In 1340 it

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2912-487: Was forced to retreat to the eastern Podillya where he continued to fight under commands of Ivan Bohun and Ivan Sirko . In the 17th century the town`s outskirts saw another peasant rebellion led by Oleksa Dovbush . The rebels were known as opryshky . As a result of the first of Partitions of Poland (Treaty of St. Petersburg dated 5 July 1772), Kolomyia was attributed to the Habsburg monarchy . More details about

2968-458: Was linked to the world through the Lemberg - Czernowitz railroad. In 1848 in Kolomyia was built a public library which was one of the first in eastern Galicia. In 1861 there was opened a gymnasium where studied among others Petro Kozlaniuk, Vasyl Stefanyk , Marko Cheremshyna . By 1882 the town had almost 24,000 inhabitants, including roughly 12,000 Jews, 6,000 Ruthenians, and 4,000 Poles. Until

3024-511: Was married to Andrew's daughter) and causing a war with Poland, Gediminas of Lithuania compromised with Władysław I of Poland . Both parties agreed to install fourteen-year-old Yuri II Boleslav , a Masovian prince and nephew of Lev and Andrew. Yuri Boleslav, born Bolesław, was the son of Trojden I of Masovia from the Polish Piast dynasty , a cousin of Władysław I and nephew of Gediminas' son-in-law Wenceslaus of Płock . To strengthen

3080-561: Was ruled by the Hungarian crown. Louis of Hungary appointed Vladislaus II of Opole as his regent in the region. In 1376 the war resumed: Liubartas, Kęstutis, and Yuri of Belz attacked Sandomierz and Tarnów , reaching as far as Kraków and taking many prisoners. After retaliation by Louis, Liubartas had to swear loyalty to Hungary as his sons were taken hostage. Liubartas could expect little help from Lithuania as his brother Algirdas died in 1377. In 1378 Louis attached Galicia directly to

3136-702: Was then temporarily occupied by the Romanians and the border was near the town (shtetl) Otynia between Stanislav and Kolomyia. After the Polish-Soviet War it remained in Poland as a capital of a powiat within the Stanisławów Voivodship . By 1931 the number of inhabitants grew to over 41,000. The ethnic mixture was composed of Jews, Poles, Ukrainians (including Hutsuls), Germans, Armenians, and Hungarians, as well as of descendants of Valachians and other nationalities of former Austria-Hungary . With

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