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64-438: The plant is a 2-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor , with a rated thermal capacity of 1,994 thermal megawatts (MW t ) and 696 megawatts-electric (MW e ). It runs on enriched uranium (up to 5 weight-percent U), fuel mass 48.7 t, with 121 fuel elements, demineralized water as the moderator, and 36 bundles of 20 control rods each made of silver, indium and cadmium alloys to regulate power. Its sister power plant

128-464: A 1962 contract for a complete plant at Chooz . Westinghouse sold its stake to engineering firm Creusot-Loire in 1976, and the company became solely French owned. In 2001, Siemens sold its reactor business to Framatome. As part of a larger series of mergers with Cogema and Technicatome, Framatome became the Areva NP division of the new Areva . It changed its name back to Framatome in 2018 after

192-488: A 390 billion yen ($ 3.4 billion) loss, mainly in its US nuclear business which was written down by 712 billion yen ($ 6.3 billion). On 14 February 2017, Toshiba delayed filing financial results, and Toshiba chairman Shigenori Shiga, formerly chairman of Westinghouse, resigned. Toshiba considered selling the Westinghouse nuclear business. On 29 March 2017, Toshiba's Westinghouse filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy , citing

256-595: A US$ 7.9   billion deal including debt. Brookfield Renewable and its institutional partners will own a 51% interest in Westinghouse, while Cameco will own remaining 49% as part of the deal. The acquisition was completed in November 2023. Although no longer associated with CBS Corporation (now Paramount Global ), Westinghouse Electric Company LLC has for some years used the trademarks owned by Westinghouse Electric Corporation , by then Viacom/CBS Corporation/ViacomCBS' brand management subsidiary, under license, as

320-539: A final investment decision would be taken in 2028, for construction to start in 2032. Westinghouse Electric Company Westinghouse Electric Company LLC is an American nuclear power company formed in 1999 from the nuclear power division of the original Westinghouse Electric Corporation . It offers nuclear products and services to utilities internationally, including nuclear fuel , service and maintenance, instrumentation, control and design of nuclear power plants . Westinghouse's world headquarters are located in

384-559: A full range of reactor services. It is responsible for Flamanville 3 , Taishan 1 and 2 , and Hinkley Point C projects. In addition, Framatome conducts preliminary study for construction of six reactors at the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Framatome provides EPR reactors , which is a third generation pressurised water reactor (PWR) design, and Kerena reactors , which

448-429: A lack of faith in its own technology. Finally, the record of UK governments building nuclear plants had been a commercial disaster. On October 16, 2006 the acquisition of Westinghouse Electric Company for $ 5.4 billion was completed, with Toshiba obtaining a 77% share, partners The Shaw Group a 20% share and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. a 3% share. On 13 August 2007 Toshiba sold 10% to Kazatomprom ,

512-606: A major investment by utility operator EDF . While originally a licensing and construction business, today Framatome supplies the entire reactor life-cycle, including design of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR), construction, fuel management and many related tasks. Framatome was founded in 1958 by several companies of the French industrial giant Schneider Group along with Empain , Merlin Gérin , and

576-587: A new nuclear conglomerate called Areva was formed, and Framatome became Areva NP. In 2007, Areva and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries created a joint venture named Atmea , for marketing the ATMEA1 reactor design. In 2009, Areva NP acquired 30% stake in the Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel company. In 2009, Siemens sold its remaining shares in Areva NP. In 2018, after restructuring of Areva, Areva NP

640-593: A nuclear engineering firm to an industrial contractor. In January 1976, Westinghouse agreed to sell its remaining 15% share to Creusot-Loire , which now owned 66%, and to cede complete marketing independence to Framatome. In February, the Belgian Édouard-Jean Empain sold his 35% interest in Creusot-Loire to Paribas , a French government-linked banking group. A January 1982 company reorganization simultaneously strengthened French public and private control of

704-565: A nuclear fuel fabrication plant at Västerås , Sweden which has provided nuclear fuel for Russian VVER-1000 nuclear reactors. In 2000 Westinghouse started development of fuel for customers in Finland and Hungary, supported by cheap Export–Import Bank of the United States loans, but the business remained small-scale in competition from cheaper Russian suppliers. A 2008 contract was agreed to supply VVER-1000 fuel; however, in trial use

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768-548: A nuclear power plant that was to be identical to Westinghouse's existing product specifications. The first European plant of Westinghouse design was by then already under construction in Italy. A formal contract was signed in September 1961 for Framatome to deliver a turnkey system, that is, not only the reactor, but an entire, ready-to-use system of piping, cabling, supports, and other auxiliary systems, propelling Framatome from

832-498: A subsidiary of CBS Corporation. In July 2005, BNFL confirmed it planned to sell Westinghouse, then estimated to be worth $ 2 billion. This attracted interest from several companies, including Toshiba , General Electric and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries . When the Financial Times reported on January 23, 2006 that Toshiba had won the bid, it valued the company's offer at $ 5bn (£2.8bn). On February 6, 2006 Toshiba confirmed it

896-568: A yearly loss for Toshiba that could exceed $ 9 billion, almost three times its previous estimate. The projects responsible for this loss were mostly the construction of four AP1000 reactors at Vogtle in Georgia and Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station in South Carolina. The Wall Street Journal reported that the four nuclear reactors being built in the southeastern U.S. would be left to an unknown fate. In July, 2017,

960-620: Is 1,250 MWe Generation III+ boiling water reactor (BWR) design, provisionally known as SWR-1000 . The Kerena design was developed from that of the Gundremmingen Nuclear Power Plant by Areva, with extensive German input and using operating experience from Generation II BWRs to simplify systems engineering. In 2016, following a discovery at Flamanville 3, about 400 large steel forgings manufactured by Framatome's Le Creusot Forge operation since 1965 were found to have carbon-content irregularities that weakened

1024-588: Is Angra I in Brazil. The operating company Nuklearna elektrarna Krško (NEK) is co-owned by the Slovenian state-owned company Gen Energija and the Croatian state-owned company Hrvatska elektroprivreda (HEP). The power plant provides more than one-quarter of Slovenia's and 15% of Croatia's power. In the early 1970s, Tito 's government of Yugoslavia recognized the need for additional electrical production in

1088-491: Is the case with other Westinghouse licensees . In 2021, ViacomCBS sold the Westinghouse licensing operation (including trademarks) directly to the now-independent Westinghouse Electric Corporation. A revived interest in the nuclear power generation field in the late 1980s led to Westinghouse's development of the AP600 reactor which received NRC approval . Interest in the Westinghouse design, but with larger power output led to

1152-563: Is very unusual. Surprisingly, the Croatian authorities were not directly informed about the incident, although Croatia is a participant in the ECURIE system. Many Croatians heard the news first through foreign media and expatriates, although Krško is located a mere 15 km from the Croatian border. According to Nuclear Expertise groups, national entities within the European union, such as

1216-530: The 2005 Indo-US nuclear deal , there was also hope that India's plan of massive investment in nuclear plants would help to revive the U.S. nuclear power industry. Reasons in favor of a sale were: The commercial risk of the company's business in Asia may have been too high for a company then owned by taxpayers; if Westinghouse won the bid for any new nuclear stations in a UK competition, questions may be raised of favoritism, but if it lost, it might have been seen as

1280-625: The ASN in France, this incident was wrongly reported to ECURIE. ECURIE, when receiving a notification, has an obligation to forward it to all parties. In this particular situation, the notification turned out to be useless (i.e., a false alarm). This type of incident (a small leakage on primary pumps) is a relatively common occurrence in nuclear power plants. On March 28, 2022, the Prime Minister of Croatia, Andrej Plenković , stated that he supports

1344-659: The European Community Urgent Radiological Information Exchange (ECURIE). The power plant was safely shut down to the hot zero power mode after a small leak in the cooling circuit. The leak was immediately located and treated. According to the Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration (the country's nuclear watchdog agency), no radioactive release into the environment occurred and none is expected. The event did not affect employees,

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1408-526: The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ruled in favor of HEP, awarding it more than €40 million in damages, interest and attorneys' fees. In 2015, a 20 year life extension to the initial 40 year operational lifetime was agreed. The plant is projected to withstand earthquakes up to the strength of the 1511 Idrija earthquake , the worst quake in Slovenia's history. It

1472-556: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission since 2005 said that computations submitted by Westinghouse about the building's design appeared to be wrong and "had led to more questions." He said the company had not used a range of possible temperatures for calculating potential seismic stresses on the shield building in the event of an earthquake, for example. The NRC asked Westinghouse not only to fix its calculations, but also to explain why it submitted flawed information in

1536-543: The Pittsburgh suburb of Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania . The company's main product is the AP1000 , a modern pressurized water reactor (PWR) design with many passive safety features and modular construction intended to lower construction time and cost. Twelve AP1000 reactors are currently in operation with a further nineteen in various stages of planning. The company was initially formed as CBS Corporation spun off

1600-527: The Vogtle Electric Generating Plant expansion, the first US build of the company's AP1000 design. It emerged from bankruptcy after being purchased by Brookfield Business Partners , a Canadian private equity fund. They sold it to a consortium of Brookfield Renewable Partners and Cameco , a Canadian nuclear fuel and services company. Renewable Partners is the current majority owner of Westinghouse. Westinghouse Electric Company

1664-527: The American Westinghouse , in order to license Westinghouse's pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology and develop a bid for Chooz A (in France). Called Franco-Américaine de Constructions Atomiques (Framatome), the original company consisted of four engineers, one from each of the parent companies. The original mission of the company was to act as a nuclear engineering firm and to develop

1728-510: The CEO resigning, Toshiba stated that the Westinghouse nuclear business was more profitable than at acquisition in 2006. In December 2016, Toshiba said it expected to write down its investment in Westinghouse by US$ 2.5 billion, adding that it was possible that their investment in Westinghouse could ultimately have a negative worth, due to cost overruns at U.S. nuclear reactors it was building. In February 2017, Toshiba revealed unaudited details of

1792-913: The Chinese supply chain. Westinghouse Electric Company fully owns several subsidiaries in Europe, such as the European Service Center, also called Westinghouse Electric Belgium located in Nivelles , Belgium, where equipment is prepared for projects throughout Europe. After Westinghouse's 1990 takeover of ABB Reaktor in Germany, it transferred radiological storage activities located in Ladenburg , Germany, to consolidate in Nivelles, which had to be extended. Soon afterwards another expansion

1856-751: The Energy Center in Monroeville, Pennsylvania , to Cranberry Woods in Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania , as reported in a 2007 memo to its employees that stated the main reason was the rapid expansion of the global nuclear industry. Construction began in July 2007 and the move lasted from June 2009 to December 2010. The Repair, Replacement and Automation Services (RRAS) business segment moved to Cranberry Township earlier than other business segments to help alleviate space issues at

1920-637: The Slovenian and Croatian power companies and a representative from the central government in Belgrade. As the design began, it was recognized that Westinghouse had a more modern design underway for the KORI-2 plant which is now the sister plant of Krško. Indeed, when the Krško Plant began producing power in 1981, it preceded both the Angra and Kori-2 plants. The reason for the plant being co-owned by two countries

1984-674: The US, and several other customers had chosen the AP1000, if they were to build new nuclear plants, for a combined total of at least 14 new plants, announced by the NuStart Consortium, Duke Power, Progress Energy, Southern Nuclear and SCE&G. In May 2011 after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster , US government regulators found problems with the design of the shield building of the new reactors. Gregory Jaczko , chairman of

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2048-523: The Westinghouse Power Generation Business unit was sold to Siemens of Germany. In 1999, CBS Corporation sold its nuclear business ( Westinghouse Electric Company ) to British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) and a year later CBS Corporation was merged into Viacom (1971–2005) , putting an end to the original Westinghouse. Legally, Westinghouse Electric Corporation still exists, mainly for the purpose of licensing, as

2112-625: The change of the project to the AP1000 in 1999 and shortly after became the first Generation III+ reactor to receive final design approval from the NRC in 2004. As of 2014, four of these units are under construction in China, though the first was due to come on-line in November 2013. and has been delayed until December 2014. The delay due to the constantly changing, and consequently untested, design prompted Li Yulun, former vice-president of China National Nuclear Corporation, in 2013 to raise concerns over

2176-537: The co-owners of the V.C. Summer plant announced that the project was terminated. On September 24, 2017, the Post & Courier reported that Westinghouse had hired unlicensed workers to create mechanical and electrical blueprints for the V.C. Summer expansion without having a professional engineer sign off on them which was in violation of state law. The blueprints were often faulty and led to significant delays. The U.S. government had given $ 8.3 billion of loan guarantees on

2240-411: The company by allowing Creusot-Loire to increase its share of the company while increasing CEA say in the running of the firm. In 2001, German company Siemens ' nuclear business was merged into Framatome. Framatome and Siemens had been officially cooperating since 1989 on the development of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). In 2001, after a merger with Cogema (now Orano ) and Technicatome,

2304-421: The completion of the sale of Westinghouse's holding company to Brookfield Business Partners (a subsidiary of Canadian investment management company Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) and some partners for $ 4.6bn. In October 2022, Brookfield Renewable Partners (another subsidiary of Brookfield Asset Management) and Cameco announced the acquisition of Westinghouse Electric from Brookfield Business Partners in

2368-508: The constituent republics of Croatia and Slovenia. With a domestic source of uranium available, proposals were obtained from Siemens (Germany) and Westinghouse (USA) for a single nuclear power station of a practical size. With the agreement of the U.S. government, Westinghouse won the competition to supply a plant based upon the Angra power plant being constructed in Brazil at that time. The Yugoslav management in 1975 consisted of personnel from both

2432-666: The country to fulfill European Commission directives regarding international competition, Westinghouse started to expand its business in France with a Westinghouse team located in Metz in charge of repair, replacement and automation services. By 2005, Westinghouse had 160 employees in France and two-thirds of Westinghouse's business in France was fuel supply. Westinghouse Electrique France is located in Orsay and Manosque near Marseille (engineering development). As of 2014, about 400 employees are part of Westinghouse in France. Westinghouse owns

2496-468: The early 1980s. Combustion Engineering (now Westinghouse) entered into a ten-year technology transfer program with the Korean nuclear industry aiming at self-reliance, which was extended in 1997. In December, 2006, China's State Nuclear Power Technology Company (SNPTC) selected Westinghouse to provide four new AP1000 nuclear power plants. The first was due to come on line in 2013, but has been delayed until

2560-638: The end of 2014. On 7 June 2016, Nuclear Power corporation of India have agreed to begin engineering and site design work for six nuclear power reactors in India and to conclude contractual agreements by June 2017. Westinghouse has been involved in South Africa through support of the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station since the 1990s, both reactors are Westinghouse-licensed. In 2007, Westinghouse acquired IST Nuclear (Pty) Ltd, and won

2624-453: The expansion of the nuclear power plant, while depending on Slovenia. On 2 November 2022, Slovenian Prime Minister Robert Golob said there will be a referendum to get public approval for a second reactor at Krško, once a reactor technology was selected. In August 2024, prime minister Golob committed to holding a referendum on a two-unit expansion of up to 2400 MWe, possibly to take place in late 2024 after key documents were published. If agreed,

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2688-606: The final bidding process for new nuclear plants in South Africa, for which it signed an MOU in 2013. IST Nuclear provides services and systems for the pebble-bed reactor . Framatome Framatome ( French pronunciation: [fʁamatɔm] ) is a French nuclear reactor business. It is owned by Électricité de France (EDF) (80.5%) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (19.5%). The company first formed in 1958 to license Westinghouse's pressurized water reactor (PWR) designs for use in France. Similar agreements had been put in place with other European countries, and this led to

2752-448: The financing of the four nuclear reactors being built in the U.S. Besides the issues with the AP1000 design, the fuel manufacturing division has been profitable, but not enough to cover corporate overheads and support the other divisions. Research and development investment in fuel manufacturing has been low, which has impacted the quality and comparative performance of its fuel compared to competitors. On 6 April 2018, Toshiba announced

2816-526: The first place. Westinghouse countered that the "confirmatory items" that the commission was asking for were not "safety significant." In November 2011, the AP1000 Oversight Group published a report highlighting six areas of major concern and un-reviewed safety questions requiring immediate technical review by the NRC. The report concluded that certification of the AP1000 should be delayed until

2880-521: The fuel became deformed. In 2015, the European Union awarded $ 2 million in funding to a Westinghouse-led consortium to support the development of a more competitive fuel for the Russian built reactors. In 2018, the contract to supply VVER fuel was extended to 2025. In 2018, Westinghouse, under a further EU-funded project, started developing VVER-440 fuel. In October 2022, Westinghouse

2944-570: The headquarters in Monroeville and was completed in spring of 2008. As part of this move, Westinghouse piloted the first commuter shuttle running an all-day loop between Monroeville and Cranberry Township. The shuttle ceased operation after Westinghouse formally closed, and sold their Monroeville facility in 2012. In 2015, concerns were expressed that the value of assets and goodwill in Westinghouse were overstated. Following an accounting scandal in which profits were overstated at Toshiba, leading to

3008-520: The national uranium company for the Republic of Kazakhstan , for US$ 540 million, leaving Toshiba with 67%. Kazatomprom's ownership was entirely passive, with no voting or veto rights or presence on the board of directors. In September, 2011, Toshiba was reported to be in talks to acquire the Shaw stake and both companies confirmed the story soon thereafter. Shaw CEO James Bernhard said , that Toshiba

3072-496: The nearby population, or the environment. Slovenian authorities immediately alerted the proper international institutions, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and ECURIE. The EU then notified (through ECURIE) the remaining EU member states, issuing an EU-wide alert. Several news agencies around the world then reported on the incident. According to Greenpeace such an EU-wide alert

3136-479: The nuclear waste, and the compensation of mutual claims. The joint management of the plant was to begin on January 1, 2002. The plant was expected to start supplying Croatia with electricity by July 1, 2002 at the latest, but the connection was only established in 2003 because of protests from the local population. Since then, HEP has additionally sued the Slovenian side for damages during the latest one-year period when Krško wasn't supplying power to it. In December 2015,

3200-526: The operational and decommissioning costs billed to both ELES and HEP, but the latter refused to pay. In 1998, the Government of Slovenia nationalized NEK, stopped supplying power from Krško to HEP, and sued HEP for the unpaid bills. In 1999, HEP counter-sued for damages because of lack of supply. In January 2001, the leaders of the two countries agreed on equal ownership of the Krško plant, joint responsibility for

3264-481: The original and current "unanswered safety questions" raised by the AP1000 Oversight Group are resolved. In December 2011, the UK's Office for Nuclear Regulation published a design assessment report on the AP1000 reactor which highlighted 51 'Generic Design Assessment' issues remaining that must be addressed before the assessment would be completed. In October 2013, US energy secretary Ernest Moniz announced that China

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3328-451: The remaining pieces of Westinghouse's industrial concerns, as part of Westinghouse's re-creation as a media company. Portions of their nuclear business were initially purchased by Siemens in 1998 before the remaining parts were purchased by British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) in 1999 and formed up as Westinghouse Electric. In 2005, BNFL sold the company to Toshiba . The company went bankrupt in 2017 primarily due to ongoing cost overruns at

3392-483: The safety standards of the plant. Citing a lack of operating history, he questioned the manufacturer's assertion that the AP1000 reactor's "primary system canned motor pumps" were "maintenance-free" over 60 years, the assumed life of the reactor, and noted that Westinghouse had yet to receive approval from British authorities on an improved version of AP1000. As of 2019 all four AP1000 reactors in China are operating. As of January 2009, six AP1000 plants had been ordered in

3456-492: The spent fuel pool, as is the usual practice for nuclear power stations. Onsite dry storage is planned to be built to take the plant to its revised end-of-life date of 2043. Low level waste is stored at the power station and secondary repositories. French company Framatome won a contract to upgrade the plant in 2021. After a coolant leak on June 4, 2008, the European Commission set off an EU wide alarm through

3520-496: The steel. A widespread programme of French reactor checks was started involving a progressive programme of reactor shutdowns, continued over the winter high electricity demand period into 2017. In December 2016 the Wall Street Journal characterised the problem as a "decades long coverup of manufacturing problems", with Framatome executives acknowledging that Le Creusot had been falsifying documents. Le Creusot Forge

3584-579: Was buying Westinghouse Electric Company for $ 5.4bn and announced it would sell a minority stake to investors. The sale surprised many industry experts who questioned the wisdom of BNFL selling one of the world's largest producers of nuclear reactors shortly before the market for nuclear power was expected to grow substantially; China , the United States and the United Kingdom were all expected to invest heavily in nuclear power. After

3648-443: Was formed in 1999, after the original company with that name, George Westinghouse 's Westinghouse Electric , founded in 1886, ceased to exist due to a series of divestitures and mergers through the mid-to-late 1990s. These included Westinghouse Electric's purchase of CBS in 1995, expansion into communications and broadcasting, and the selling off of most non-broadcast operations by 1998, renaming itself CBS Corporation . In 1998,

3712-521: Was necessary as employees in the Brussels office were transferred to Nivelles. It was estimated that 200 people were working in Nivelles at the end of 2011. In 2001, Westinghouse took over Logitest in Les Ulis , France, one of 3 companies qualified to inspect nuclear steam generator plants for Électricité de France . After the French nuclear market partially opened in 2004 to suppliers from outside

3776-638: Was paying US$ 1.6 Bn for the Shaw-owned 20% stake, and that it was the 50% rise in the yen on its yen-denominated debt over five years, which had led it to exercise its sale option. Toshiba said in late 2012 it was open to, and considering, having other partners invest in the business. The purchase closed in January 2013, and brought Toshiba's share in the company to 87% as a result of Shaw exercising its option. After several years of doing business there, Westinghouse decided to move its world headquarters from

3840-456: Was seismically retrofitted after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster . In 2020, the plant was inspected following the Zagreb earthquake , and pre-emptively shut down for several days after the stronger Petrinja earthquake . In neither case did the inspections find any damage. In 2023, it was agreed to extend the operation of the nuclear plant until 2043. High level nuclear waste is stored in

3904-492: Was selected to build Poland's first nuclear power plant based on three AP1000 reactors, with possibly a further three at a later date. Westinghouse also has business locations in Italy, Germany, Spain, the UK, Russia, and Bulgaria. In South Korea, Westinghouse has been involved in the construction of new nuclear plants since 1972, with the first plant Kori Nuclear Power Plant starting up in 1977 and in commercial operation in 1978, followed by eight reactors under construction in

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3968-510: Was sold to Électricité de France . Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (19.5%), and Assystem (5%) also became shareholders. As a result of the restructuring, Électricité de France and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries became equal shareholders of Atmea with 50% of shares both while Framatome owns a special share in Atmea. Framatome designs, manufactures, and installs components, fuel and instrumentation and control systems for nuclear power plants and offers

4032-457: Was that these then-constituent republics of Yugoslavia planned to build two plants, one in each republic, according to the original 1970 agreement and its revised version from 1982. However, that plan was abandoned in 1987 due to disagreements over funding and electricity price. From that point on, there arose an issue with nuclear waste storage, because the only existing waste storage site was in Slovenia. In 1997, ELES and NEK decided to increase

4096-411: Was to supply components to the US nuclear power plants under construction as part of a bilateral co-operation agreement between the two countries. Since China's State Nuclear Power Technology Co (SNPTC) acquired Westinghouses's AP1000 technology in 2006, it has developed a manufacturing supply chain capable of supplying international power projects. Industry analysts have pointed out that there are gaps in

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