61-536: The Kumeu - Riverhead section was a short-lived railway line north-west of Auckland , New Zealand. It was built as part of the Kaipara-Riverhead Railway, which was isolated from the national railway network until 1881, just before closure of this section. The Kaipara-Riverhead Railway was built to link the eastern Waitematā Harbour at Riverhead with the western Kaipara Harbour at Helensville South, to provide more convenient access between
122-457: A 4-day event of music, dancing and workshops, now in its 46th year. The festival is generally held over the last weekend in January. The railway network's North Auckland Line passes through Kumeū. For six years the town was the terminus of the isolated Kumeu-Riverhead Section railway , which linked Kumeū to Riverhead, where ferries ran to Auckland. It operated from 1875 until 1881. In 1881,
183-576: A Ngāti Whātua kāinga was settled in the Kumeū area, until the 1820s. During the Musket Wars of the 1820s, Ngāti Whātua and Te Kawerau ā Maki vacated the area, returning in the late 1820s and 1830s. The Ngāti Whātua village was not resettled after the war. During modern times, the area is considered parts of the rohe of Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara and Te Kawerau ā Maki. After the Treaty of Waitangi
244-468: A major fixture of Kumeū for much of the 20th century. From 1921, the Kumeu Show became a major annual event for the community. By 1936, 311 people were living in Kumeū and the surrounding areas, with 303 people at Huapai. Winemaking was established at an industry at Kumeū in the early 1940s, led by Croatian families such as Nick and Zuva Nobilo, and Mick and Katé Brajkovich. During World War II ,
305-587: A number of Māori migration canoes , particularly the Tainui , but also Aotea , Tokomaru , Moekakara , Kahuitara and Kurahaupō . Tainui ancestors including Hoturoa and the tohunga Rakataura (Hape) are particularly important in Te Kawerau whakapapa , as is the ancient turehu ancestor and tohunga Tiriwa. Maki and his people were related to a number of groups who had occupied the Auckland region since
366-591: A one-year trial period, and was then suspended permanently in 2009. Te Kawerau %C4%81 Maki Te Kawerau ā Maki , Te Kawerau a Maki , or Te Kawerau-a-Maki is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the Auckland Region of New Zealand . Predominantly based in West Auckland (Hikurangi also known as Waitākere), it had 251 registered adult members as of June 2017. The iwi holds land for a new marae and papakāinga at Te Henga (Bethells Beach) that
427-414: A popular socialisation spot for servicement based at Whenuapai, and for United States marines based at Muriwai . A commercial centre developed at Kumeū in 1957, after the establishment of Wally Reber's transport business. The winemaking industry underwent a boom in the 1960s and 1970s, including vineyards such as San Marino (now known as Kumeū River Valley), Gilbey Nobilo. Corbans bought vineyeards in
488-453: A population density of 105 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the rural area had a larger boundary, covering 49.35 km (19.05 sq mi). Using that boundary, The rural area had a population of 3,654 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 339 people (10.2%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 600 people (19.6%) since the 2006 census . There were 1,122 households, comprising 1,851 males and 1,803 females, giving
549-719: A population of 3,432 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,022 people (143.4%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 2,046 people (147.6%) since the 2006 census . There were 1,110 households, comprising 1,698 males and 1,734 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female. The median age was 34.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 822 people (24.0%) aged under 15 years, 567 (16.5%) aged 15 to 29, 1,689 (49.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 357 (10.4%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 81.7% European/ Pākehā , 8.7% Māori , 3.6% Pacific peoples , 14.5% Asian , and 3.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
610-615: A renowned warrior, to migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region . Maki conquered and unified many of the Tāmaki Māori tribes, including those of West Auckland and the southern Kaipara, leading to the development of Te Kawerau ā Maki as a tribal identity. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, Ngāti Whātua tribes began migrating south of the Kaipara Harbour . Initially relations between
671-604: A settlement begin from 1867. The traditional Māori name for Kumeū is Wai-paki-i-rape . Kumeū is a town north-west of Auckland , located along the Kumeū River , a major tributary of the Kaipara River . It is located to the east of Huapai , and the two towns share a conurban metropolitan area , and is close to the towns of Riverhead (to the north-east) and Waimauku , to the west past Huapai. Urban West Auckland suburbs are located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to
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#1732801656186732-474: A sex ratio of 1.03 males per female, with 627 people (17.2%) aged under 15 years, 696 (19.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,710 (46.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 621 (17.0%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 84.6% European/ Pākehā , 11.5% Māori , 4.3% Pacific peoples , 10.2% Asian , and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 21.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer
793-406: A surprise attack in the south Kaipara during an uhunga (funeral rite commemoration), in response for past grievances and to assist a Ngāti Whātua faction who were opposed to Te Taoū. By 1741, Ngāti Whātua had successfully fought against Kiwi Tāmaki , both sides often using the portage at Kumeū. Following the end of the conflict, members of Te Taoū established themselves on the Auckland isthmus, and
854-555: A tunnel for the railway line. The service opened in 1881, in the same year that the Kumeu–Riverhead Section was shuttered. This caused significant growth in the Kumeū area, and the surrounding communities gradually gravitated towards the railway stations along the North Auckland Line. From 1884, kauri loggers were drawn to the Kumeū area, after the opening of the railway made logging financially possible in
915-535: A week. Between Kumeū and Auckland the North Auckland Line was far superior to shipping, so the Riverhead branch closed on 18 July 1881. Despite the line being closed for nearly a century and a half, some faint remnants still exist. The embankment on which it left Kumeū diverges from the North Auckland Line near the Kumeu River Number 1 bridge. Old Railway Road is on the formation of the line, and at
976-683: Is in the North West Country Inc business improvement district zone. The business association which represents businesses from Kaukapakapa to Riverhead . The area is popular for lifestyle block farming and equestrian pursuits. The Kumeu Agricultural and Horticultural Society hosts one of the largest annual shows in the Southern Hemisphere on 34 hectares (84 acres) of land owned by the Kumeu District Agricultural and Horticultural Society, on
1037-609: The Huapai estate. A new Kumeu hall opened in 1913, becoming the centre for the wider district for the next 60 years. The Kumeū Catholic Church was established in 1915, on land donated by Dalmatian immigrant Martin Lovich, becoming the focus for both Catholic and Croatian communities in the wider area. In 1915, Alfred Buckland established the Kumeu Stockyards adjacent to the railway, and fortnightly livestock auctions became
1098-629: The Ngāpuhi tribe, led by Hongi Hika . In 1825 Te Kawerau ā Maki suffered major losses at the hands of Ngāpuhi and they and other Auckland tribes went effectively into exile in the Waikato . Te Kawerau ā Maki remained there until 1835, when they returned to the Waitākere area, and later the south Kaipara, under the protection of the Waikato chief Te Wherowhero . Early but rapid colonial land speculation from
1159-608: The RNZAF Base Auckland was established to the east at Whenuapai , becoming the main hub of operations for the New Zealand Defence Force . Wary of the threat of Japanese airstrikes, a decoy airforce base was established at Kumeū, and wooden Hudson bombers were constructed. While primarily a decoy, the airstrip was used by pilots training to use Tiger Moths . During the war, the Kumeū Hall became
1220-472: The rohe (border) between Muriwai Beach and Rangitōpuni ( Riverhead ). Ngāti Whātua divided the land among different hapū , including Te Taoū , who were the major power in the Kaipara River catchment. Around the year 1740, war broke out between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua , the confederation of Tāmaki Māori tribes centred to the southeast, on the Tāmaki isthmus . Kiwi Tāmaki , paramount chief of Waiohua, led
1281-454: The 13th or 14th centuries. Some of the first tribal identities that developed for Tāmaki Māori who settled in the wider area include Tini o Maruiwi, Ngā Oho , Ngā Iwi, and Tini ō Toi, the latter of whom descend from Toi-te-huatahi . Many place names in the Kumeū River valley reference Te Kauea, a member of Tini ō Toi. Tāmaki Māori legends describe supernatural beings as the inhabitants of
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#17328016561861342-477: The 1830s onwards resulted in Te Kawerau ā Maki losing more than 90% of its customary land title by 1853 - within 13 years of the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi . Native reserves remained in a few isolated places - Piha, Waitākere (Te Henga), Kōprionui (southern Woodhill), Muriwai, Paremoremo, and around Mahurangi - however the last of these were forcibly taken by 1953 under the Public Works Act leaving
1403-467: The 1870s after the construction of the Kumeu–Riverhead Section , a railway on Te Tōangaroa that linked Kumeū to Riverhead . Over the latter 19th century, the town transitioned from a centre for the kauri logging and kauri gum trades into an agricultural centre. The Kumeu Stockyards opened in 1915, and from 1921 the town began holding a large-scale agricultural show called the Kumeu Show. By
1464-489: The 1940s, Croatian New Zealanders had developed a winemaking industry in the area. Since the 1970s, Kumeū and Huapai have grown to become a single urban area , often referred to as Kumeū-Huapai. The name Kumeū in Māori language originally referred to the north-east of Taupaki village, to the south of modern-day Kumeū. The name is associated with one of the earliest ancestors of the modern Te Kawerau ā Maki iwi, Te Kauea, who
1525-528: The Albertland settlements at Port Albert and Wellsford in the early 1860s, the Kaipara River and Kumeū River valley saw increased traffic. Road conditions along the Kumeū River valley were so poor and the Kaipara Harbour mouth too treacherous for most ships, that the Albertland settlers petitioned the government for better transportation links, fearing that they would starve. The Kaipara Harbour
1586-544: The Kumeū River valley had been sold, with Ngāti Whātua communities remaining at Reweti, Woodhill and the Kaipara Harbour coast, no longer having a presence in the Upper Waitematā Harbour . In 1875 after four years of construction, a railway between Kumeū and Riverhead was opened. Kumeū land owner Thomas Deacon gifted land for the railway, which led to the construction of two railway stations: Kumeū in
1647-418: The North Auckland Line reached Kumeū, making the town a railway junction. This status lasted a mere five days; the new railway from Auckland made the line to Riverhead redundant and it was accordingly closed. In June 2007 it was announced that suburban rail services would be extended to Helensville in 2008, with temporary stations to be built at Huapai and Waimauku . The service commenced on 14 July 2008 for
1708-761: The T-intersection with the Coatesville Riverhead Highway (formerly State Highway 18 ) the road ends and the formation continues straight ahead. At Riverhead no substantial relics remain. Kumeu Kumeū is a town in the Auckland Region , situated 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of the City Centre in New Zealand . State Highway 16 and the North Auckland Line pass through the town. Huapai lies to
1769-490: The Waitākere Ranges east of Muriwai around Taupaki became known as Ngā Rau Pou a Maki, or the many posts of Maki, which also came to be the collective name for the Waitākere Ranges as a whole. Europeans arriving in the late 1700s and early 1800s brought epidemic diseases that weakened Te Kawerau ā Maki and other tribes that were living in the same area by then. From 1821 the Musket Wars reached Auckland through raids by
1830-653: The area known as the Tūrehu , who lived in areas such as the Waitākere Ranges . While the Kumeū River valley was sparsely populated by Tāmaki Māori due to poor soil quality not suited to traditional crops, it was an important transportation node due to Te Tōangaroa , a portage where waka could be hauled between the Kaipara Harbour and the Waitematā Harbour , via the Kaipara and Kumeū rivers. Major settlements in
1891-455: The area were typically upland of the Kaipara and Kumeū rivers. Around the 15th century, a group known as Ngāti Awa who descended from the Mātaatua waka settled Te Korowai-o-Te-Tonga Peninsula , led by Tītahi. The iwi were prominent constructors of terraced pā . By the mid-17th century, Ngāti Awa and Ngā Oho struggled to control territory. A descendant of Tītahi, Hauparoa, to ask his relative,
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1952-609: The area, and in 1960 Selaks relocated to Kumeū after their Te Atatū vineyard was requisitioned to construct the Northwestern Motorway . In the 1970s, industrial firms began opening operations in Huapai and Kumeū, including a Carters timber yard, and the New Zealand Particle Board factory, both opening in 1972. During this period, the villages began to merge into a single urban area. In 2019,
2013-399: The area. Kauri gum diggers were also drawn to the area between 1880 and 1900, and local resident Tom Deacon ran a combined kauri gum camp and general store at Kumeū. Farmers were increasingly drawn to the Kumeū area from the 1880s, as land was gradually cleared of forest, kauri gum and flax. Initially most farmers ran sheep farms, but by the 1890s dairy farming had become more viable. By
2074-479: The area. Often land sales had negligible profits for Ngāti Whātua, due to the cost of the Native Land Court bureaucracy, surveying costs, advertising and auction costs, ad often land was sold to speculators who did not intend to settle in the area. The Kumeū River valley was difficult to navigate, and a narrow dray road was constructed primarily by Ngāti Whātua in the 1850s. After the establishment of
2135-476: The census's question about religious affiliation, 56.6% had no religion, 30.9% were Christian , 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 2.8% were Hindu , 0.7% were Muslim , 0.4% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 582 (19.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 510 (16.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 672 people (22.2%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
2196-577: The fourteenth century, including the Tainui hapū (sub-tribes) collectively known as Ngā Oho . Maki was particularly connected with the Ngāiwi group, who lived across the Auckland isthmus and to the south from Māngere Mountain to Manurewa . Maki initially took up residence among his kin at Manurewa ( Te Manurewa o Tamapahore ) and Rarotonga / Mount Smart . Maki then lived for a while near Waimauku at
2257-502: The historical Treaty of Waitangi claims of Te Kawerau ā Maki. The Settlement included the return of 3275 ha of Riverhead Forest. In late 2017 Te Kawerau ā Maki issued a rāhui (customary prohibition) on people entering the forested area of the Waitākere Ranges, in order to help slow the spread of kauri dieback disease, support the mauri (life essence) of the forest, and buy time for research and improved recreational infrastructure and management to be implemented. Te Kawerau ā Maki were
2318-437: The invitation of a chief of the district. While there Maki was insulted in an incident called Te Kawe Rau a Maki , meaning "the carrying strap of Maki". In response he and his warriors fought several battles against the local hapū , defeating them and taking control of a large part of the south Kaipara . Maki and Rotu had a son in the southwest Kaipara who was named Tawhiakiterangi, and also known as Te Kawerau ā Maki, after whom
2379-419: The iwi were friendly, and many important marriages were made. Hostilities broke out and Ngāti Whātua asked for assistance from Kāwharu , a famed Tainui warrior from Kawhia. Kāwharu's repeated attacks of the Waitākere Ranges settlements became known as Te Raupatu Tīhore, or the stripping conquest. Lasting peace between Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua was forged by Maki's grandson Te Au o Te Whenua, who fixed
2440-506: The land") who was a great provider for his people and was gifted his name following a process of peacemaking with the neighbouring Te Taou . His wife was Rangihina of the Te Kawerau hapū Ngāti Poataniwha who held the lands of the Upper Waitematā Harbour. The Waitākere Ranges and the forest that once covered much of Hikurangi are known by the traditional name Te Wao nui ā Tiriwa – the great forest of Tiriwa. The northernmost peaks of
2501-409: The mention of a court case involving a store at Kumeu Flats, owned by Mr. Vidal of Auckland and illegally operated by James Ensor. By the 1870s, the first families had settled in the Kumeū River valley. Ngāti Whātua of the southern Kaipara struggled financially during the 1870s, as the increase in settlers and trade had not eventuated, leading Ngāti Whātua to sell further land blocks. By 1877, most of
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2562-449: The name of the town was officially gazetted as Kumeū, although it is common to see it spelt without the macron . The Kumeu-Huapai urban area covers 6.83 km (2.64 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 7,330 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,073 people per km . Before the 2023 census, Kumeu-Huapai had a smaller boundary, covering 6.31 km (2.44 sq mi). Using that boundary, Kumeu-Huapai had
2623-493: The northern districts and Auckland and to improve export prospects for the timber industry in the Kaipara area. The first sod was turned on 31 August 1871 by the Auckland Provincial Council , but at the start of 1872 the national government took over the job. The railway was only 25 km long, and specific delays with acquiring rails and the general difficulties associated with the relative isolation of
2684-454: The second weekend in March every year. The nearby localities of Woodhill forest and Muriwai Beach means it has strong recreational interests. Since 1948 Kumeū has had a brass band, competing in many events, and playing in parades, concerts & private Functions, traditional & modern music for all occasions. The Kumeu Showgrounds are also the venue for the annual Auckland Folk Festival,
2745-528: The south, and one near his hotel at modern Huapai (then variously called Pukekorari, Kumeu Flat, or Kumeu North), which was established in 1877. The railway brought more settlers to the Kumeū-Huapai area. Initially the Kumeu Flat area was developed by Deacon into a village, with Kumeū remaining a rural for longer. The villages of Kumeū and Taupaki slowly grew during this period, and the first Kumeu Hall
2806-486: The south-east of Kumeū, including Westgate and the NorthWest Shopping Centre . The Kumeū River area has traditionally been a wetland and flood plain, prior to European settlement. The Kumeū valley regularly flooded during the 1920s and 1930s, and a major flood occurred in 1954. Kumeū has a substantial amount of lifestyle blocks . The Auckland Region has been settled by Māori since around
2867-401: The southern Kaipara, Mahurangi, North Shore, Auckland Isthmus, and Hauraki Gulf islands such as Tiritiri Matangi . By the end of the 1600s Te Kawerau ā Maki were particularly associated with West Auckland (known traditionally as Hikurangi), south-western Kaipara and the Upper Waitematā Harbour . In the early 1700s the paramount chief of Te Kawerau ā Maki was Te Au o Te Whenua ("the current of
2928-419: The time meant that construction dragged on for a few years. On 29 October 1875, it finally opened. The section had no intermediate stations, and operated for slightly less than six years. Construction of the North Auckland Line was proceeding steadily, and on 13 July 1881 it reached Kumeū from Auckland. The Kumeu-Riverhead section became the Riverhead branch, with Kumeū as a junction, but it did not last even
2989-520: The tribe effectively landless. While Te Kawerau ā Maki people continue to live in the wider area, the last formal marae at Waiti (Bethells Beach) was abandoned around 1920 following the construction of the Waitākere Dam that altered the hydrology of the Waitākere River combined with ongoing issues relating to the economic and social disenfranchisement of Māori. In February 2014 a Deed of Settlement
3050-460: The tribe is named. Tawhiakiterangi would later marry Marukiterangi, daughter of Kahu, and granddaughter of Maeaeariki an older son of Maki. She was born near Te Oneroa o Kahu (Long Bay). Her people were the Te Kawerau hapū Ngāti Kahu of whom the North Shore gets its name - Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("the extensive lands of Kahu"). Their rohe or area of customary shared interest grew to include
3111-447: The turn of the 20th century, settlers to the area primarily arrived from Britain , Australia, and other parts of New Zealand, joined by Yugoslav , Croatian and later Dutch communities during the early to mid-20th century. The Kumeū River valley was promoted as a fruit growing area during the 1910s, and approximately 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) north of Kumeū were developed into apple and pear orchards by Northern Fruitlands Ltd as
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#17328016561863172-541: The west, Riverhead to the north, Whenuapai to the east, and Taupaki to the south. The wider area has been settled by Tāmaki Māori since the 13th or 14th centuries, and the area is of significant importance to Ngāti Whātua o Kaipara and Te Kawerau ā Maki . The Kumeū River valley was an important transport node between the Kaipara and Waitematā harbours, due to a portage called Te Tōangaroa , where waka could be hauled overland. Kumeū village developed in
3233-425: Was $ 47,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 819 people (31.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,629 (62.4%) people were employed full-time, 318 (12.2%) were part-time, and 57 (2.2%) were unemployed. The rural area around Kumeū and Huapai covers 40.72 km (15.72 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,270 as of June 2024, with
3294-431: Was 27.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 59.5% had no religion, 28.3% were Christian , 3.4% were Hindu , 0.5% were Muslim , 1.0% were Buddhist and 2.4% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 639 (24.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 315 (12.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
3355-521: Was constructed by 1876. The hall became a hub for the community, used as a school, church and for social events. Shortly after the Kumeu–Riverhead Section opened, Auckland area residents pressured the government for a continuous rail link between Auckland and Helensville , to bypass the need to cross the Waitematā Harbour and Kaipara River by boat. Construction on the extended North Auckland Line from New Lynn north began in 1879, employing many men who lived at Kumeū and Taupaki, who helped to construct
3416-547: Was not a priority for the government, who instead focused on developing logistically important locations south of Auckland during the Invasion of the Waikato , but by 1865 the government had agreed to fund road improvements. Ngāti Whātua, hoping for better infrastructure in the area, sold a narrow strip of land between the Awaroa Creek and Riverhead in 1866. The first references to European settlement begins in 1867, with
3477-580: Was of the early iwi Tini ō Toi (the people of Toi-te-huatahi ). During the battle that preceded the peace accord, a wahine toa (woman warrior) pulled at her breast when calling her warriors to revenge an insult, giving rise to the name "Kume-ū" ("Pull Breast"). The first print references to the Kumeū River in English date from the 1850s, followed by references to the Kumeu Road District in 1861. References to Kumeu and Kumeu Flats as
3538-403: Was returned in 2018; and land for a secondary marae at Te Onekiritea (Hobsonville Point) that was returned in 2015. it has no wharenui (meeting house) yet. Te Kawerau ā Maki are the descendants of the rangatira (chief) Maki and his wife Rotu, who migrated with their family and followers from Kawhia to Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) in the early 1600s. Te Kawerau trace their ancestry from
3599-452: Was signed between Te Kawerau ā Maki and the Crown following years of negotiations led by Hariata Ewe and Te Warena Taua. In September 2015 the Te Kawerau ā Maki Claims Settlement Act was passed into legislation. This Deed and its corresponding Act records the acknowledgements and apology given by the Crown to Te Kawerau ā Maki and gives effect to provisions of the deed of settlement that settles
3660-402: Was signed in 1840, Ngāti Whātua operated coastal trading vessels, supplying goods to early European settlers at Auckland . The first land blocks of the Kumeū River valley were purchased by the Crown from Ngāti Whātua in 1853, with remaining blocks sold between 1868 and 1890. Ngāti Whātua sold land in the hope that this would lead to Europeans settlements developing and stimulate the economy of
3721-459: Was that 1,578 (52.1%) people were employed full-time, 516 (17.0%) were part-time, and 63 (2.1%) were unemployed. Areas surrounding the Kumeū district produce labels such as Kumeu River , Cooper's Creek and Soljans Estate Winery have gained a good reputation for their Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc wines. The winegrowing district is the main industry in both Kumeū itself and the smaller nearby settlements of Huapai and Waimauku. The township
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