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52-511: The province's name recalls the traditional name of a historic Polish region, Lesser Poland, or in Polish: Małopolska . Current Lesser Poland Voivodeship, however, covers only a small part of the broader ancient Małopolska region. Historic Lesser Poland is much larger than the current province. It stretches far north, to Radom , and Siedlce , also including such cities, as Lublin , Kielce , Częstochowa , and Sosnowiec . The province

104-618: A move to the hi-tech industry. Nowy Sącz had one of the first computer companies in Poland, with the largest assembly plant in Europe, but this has closed due to ownership friction with the government. The building trade is also represented in the town, which has a major European window-manufacturer. Like all the bigger towns in Lesser Poland, it has seen a significant influx of the largest European grocery chains. A main economic problem now

156-463: A narrow fess Or. In addition to traditional nationwide Polish cuisine , the voivodeship is known for its variety of regional and local traditional foods , which include especially various cheeses , including the Bundz , Oscypek and Bryndza Podhalańska from mountain areas, meat products, especially local types of kiełbasa and bacon , honeys and various dishes and meals, officially protected by

208-561: Is Lake Rożnów (Jezioro Rożnowskie), a reservoir (22 km (14 mi) long, covering an area of 16 km (6 sq mi), and having a capacity of 193,000,000 m ), with many dachas and camping sites. To the north of the lake is the Ciężkowice-Rożnów Landscape Park (Park Ciężkowicko-Rożnowski). An annual festival of dance featuring children from highland regions from around the world takes place in July. Nowy Sącz

260-782: Is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland . It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. With a population of 83,116 as of 2021, it is the largest city in the Beskid Sądecki Region as well as the third most populous city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Nowy Sącz has been known in German as Neu Sandez (older spelling Neu Sandec ) and in Hungarian as Újszandec . The Rusyn name

312-456: Is abundant in castles, including Mirów , Niedzica , Niepołomice , Nowy Wiśnicz , Pieskowa Skała and Wawel . The voivodeship contains 4 cities and 58 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019): Towns: Lesser Poland Voivodeship is divided into 22 counties ( powiats ): 3 city counties and 19 land counties. These are further divided into 182 gminas . The counties are listed in

364-460: Is bounded on the north by the Świętokrzyskie Mountains ( Góry Świętokrzyskie ), on the west by Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska (a broad range of hills stretching from Kraków to Częstochowa ), and on the south by the Tatra , Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains . Politically it is bordered by Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north, Subcarpathian Voivodeship to

416-1040: Is considered to be the best technical university in Poland. The Academy of Economics, the Pedagogical University, the Kraków University of Technology and the Agricultural Academy are also very highly regarded. There are also the Fine Arts Academy, the State Theatre University and the Musical Academy. Nowy Sącz has become a major educational center in the region thanks to its Higher School of Business and Administration, with an American curriculum, founded in 1992. The school has 4,500 students. There are also two private higher schools in Tarnów. In

468-530: Is rich in historic architecture ranging from Romanesque and Gothic to Renaissance , Baroque and Art Nouveau . Numerous towns possess preserved historic market squares and town halls, as in Kraków and Tarnów . At Wadowice , birthplace of John Paul II (50 kilometers southwest of Kraków) is a museum dedicated to the late pope's childhood. The voivodeship, especially Kraków, is home to various museums, art galleries and cultural institutions. Major museums include

520-566: Is the governmental seat of Nowy Sącz County part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship , Województwo Małopolskie since 1999. Between 1975 and 1998 it was the provincial seat of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship . Before that and during the Second Polish Republic , Nowy Sącz was a county seat in the Kraków Voivodeship . In 1951 it became a town with the rights of a county. It is the historic and tourist centre of Sądecczyzna ,

572-470: Is the high level of unemployment which, officially about 20%, is one of the highest in the European Union . Recently the local government has tried to address the persistent economic and social problems of the local Romani community, including access to utilities and education. The city has many historic features, including one of the largest marketplaces in Europe after Kraków , along with one of

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624-844: Is the second largest international airport in Poland (after Warsaw 's), the John Paul II International Airport . The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was €40.4 billion in 2018, accounting for 8.1% of the Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €19,700 or 65% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 72% of the EU average. The region's economy includes high technology , banking, chemical and metallurgical industries, coal , ore , food processing , and spirit and tobacco industries. The most industrialized city of

676-495: Is the warmest place in Poland with average summer temperatures between 23 °C (73 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F) during the day, often reaching 32 °C (90 °F) to 38 °C (100 °F) in July and August, the two warmest months of the year. The city of Tarnów , which is located in Lesser Poland , is the hottest place in Poland all year round, average temperatures being around 25 °C (77 °F) during

728-665: The Auschwitz concentration camp with a network of subcamps in various localities. There was also a German prisoner-of-war camp for French , Belgian, Dutch and Soviet prisoners of war. The Lesser Poland Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Kraków , Tarnów , Nowy Sącz and parts of Bielsko-Biała , Katowice , Kielce and Krosno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. Located in Southern Poland , Lesser Poland

780-729: The Early Middle Ages , the territory was inhabited by the Vistulans , an old Polish tribe . It formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century, with the regional capital Kraków becoming the seat of one of Poland's oldest dioceses, est. in 1000, contributing to the Christianization of Poland . In 1038, Kraków became the capital of Poland by decision of Casimir I the Restorer , retaining its role for several centuries with short-term breaks. It also became

832-605: The Lemko Republic (1918–1920) with capital in Florynka . Within interwar Poland the city saw industrial expansion and the railway factory expanded. In 1936, the Museum of Sącz Land was opened in the restored royal castle. Nowy Sącz had a population of around 34,000 in 1939. During the invasion of Poland starting World War II , Nazi Germany carried out air raids on 1–2 September 1939, and then German troops entered

884-470: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland . There are local types of pierogi , kluski , kołacz and various soups . Local specialities include obwarzanek krakowski and krówki from Regulice . Local beverages include several types of nalewki and śliwowica , including Śliwowica łącka . The Lesser Poland Voivodeships has partnerships with the following regions: In February 2020,

936-957: The National Museum in Kraków with the branch Czartoryski Museum , one of the oldest museums of Poland, which contains works by various artists including Leonardo da Vinci , Rembrandt and Kraków-native Jan Matejko , and the Archaeological Museum of Kraków , the oldest archaeological museum in Poland. There are museums dedicated to painters Jan Matejko and Józef Mehoffer at their former homes in Kraków, to composer and pianist Karol Szymanowski and writer Kornel Makuszyński at their homes in Zakopane, to writer Władysław Orkan at his home in Poręba Wielka and to writer Emil Zegadłowicz in his manor in Gorzeń Górny . Manggha ,

988-697: The Elbow-high , and later his son, Casimir III the Great , for supporting him during the Rebellion of wojt Albert in 1311–1312. During these times, the majority of the town's inhabitants were German colonists . In the 15th century it produced steel and woollen products, and nearly rivalled Kraków in visual arts. In 1329, Nowy Sącz signed a treaty with Kraków, upon which Kraków merchants, on their way to Hungary, had to stop at Nowy Sącz; Nowy Sącz merchants, on their way to Gdańsk , were obliged to stay at Kraków. In

1040-490: The French region of Centre-Val de Loire suspended its partnership with the Lesser Poland Voivodeship as a response to the anti-LGBT resolution passed by the voivodeship's authorities. In September 2021, the voivodeships's authorities revoked the controversial declaration. Football , ice hockey and motorcycle speedway enjoy the largest following and greatest success in the voivodeship. Cracovia and Wisła Kraków contest

1092-825: The Kraków Derby, nicknamed the Holy War , considered the fiercest rivalry in Poland and one of the fiercest in Europe. Most accomplished hockey teams are Podhale Nowy Targ , Cracovia and Unia Oświęcim . Top speedway team is Unia Tarnów . Since the establishment of the province, various major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship , 2016 European Men's Handball Championship , 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2023 World Men's Handball Championship , 2023 European Games . Ma%C5%82opolska Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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1144-458: The Sądecki district. Nowy Sącz has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb ) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. The climate is temperate, with an average annual rainfall of about 700 millimetres (27.6 inches). During the Polish communist regime , Nowy Sącz

1196-565: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 945243380 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:38:22 GMT Nowy S%C4%85cz Nowy Sącz ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] ; Hungarian : Újszandec ; Yiddish : צאַנז , romanized :  Tsanz ; Slovak : Nový Sonč ; German : Neu Sandez )

1248-673: The central part of Nowy Sącz burned in a fire, with a town hall and ancient town records. At that time, the town was important in Hasidic Jewish history for the founding of the Sanz Hasidic dynasty during the 19th century, the precursor to the Bobov dynasty founded in nearby Bobowa (with a synagogue with occasional services by Kraków congregation) and the Klausenberg dynasty . At the beginning of World War I , Nowy Sącz

1300-552: The city on 20 January 1945. The city was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet -installed communist regime, which remained in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. At war's end, about 60% of the city had been destroyed. Nowy Sącz was honoured for its heroism with the Cross of Grunwald , third class in 1946. In 1947 much of the Lemko population, living in villages southeast of

1352-767: The city on 6 September. Afterwards, the German Einsatzgruppe I entered the city to commit various atrocities against the population , and then its members co-formed the local German police and security forces. Under German occupation the city was made part of the General Government . Poles expelled in December 1939 from several villages in the German-annexed Sieradz County were deported in freight trains to Nowy Sącz, while many locals were among Poles imprisoned in

1404-460: The day in the three summer months and 3 °C (37 °F) during the day in the three winter months. In the winter the weather patterns alter each year; usually winters are mildly cold with temperatures ranging from −7 °C (19 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F), but the winter season changes often to a more humid and warmer winter, or more continental and cold, depending on the many various wind patterns that affect Poland from different regions of

1456-588: The east, and Slovakia ( Prešov Region and Žilina Regions ) to the south. Almost all of Lesser Poland lies in the Vistula River catchment area. The city of Kraków was one of the European Cities of Culture in 2000. Kraków has railway and road connections with Katowice (expressway), Warsaw , Wrocław and Rzeszów . It lies at the crossroads of major international routes linking Dresden with Kyiv , and Gdańsk with Budapest . Located here

1508-460: The eastern Outer Western Carpathian Mountains : Beskid Sądecki to the south, Beskid Wyspowy to the west, Beskid Niski to the southeast, and the foothills of Pogórze Rożnowskie to the north. The geological basis is Carpathian flysch  – an undifferentiated grey-banded sandstone  – with alluvial sediment from the Dunajec , Poprad , and Kamienica rivers in the valley basin. Nowy Sącz

1560-482: The environment of Lesser Poland . The region has areas for tourism and recreation, including Zakopane (Poland's most popular winter resort) and the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains. There are ten spa towns : Krynica-Zdrój , Muszyna , Piwniczna-Zdrój , Rabka-Zdrój , Szczawnica , Wapienne , Wieliczka , Wysowa-Zdrój , Zakopane , Żegiestów . The natural landscape features many historic sites. The voivodeship

1612-435: The following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population). Protected areas in Lesser Poland Voivodeship include six National Parks and 11 Landscape Parks . These are listed below. Lesser Poland Voivodeship's symbols can be blazoned as follows: Coat of arms: A traditional Iberian shield gules, an eagle argent displayed armed, legged, beaked, langued and crowned Or. Flag: Per fess argent and gules,

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1664-655: The infamous Montelupich Prison in Kraków and then murdered in the Krzesławice Fort of the Kraków Fortress , as part of the Intelligenzaktion . Because of its proximity to Slovakia , it lay on a major route for resistance fighters of the Polish Home Army . The Gestapo was active in capturing those trying to cross the border, including the murder of several Polish pilots. In June 1940,

1716-530: The largest Polish museum of Japanese art, is located in Kraków. There are numerous World War II memorials in the province, including a museum at the site of the former Nazi concentration camps Auschwitz -I and Auschwitz-II-Birkenau, as well as the Auschwitz Jewish Center , visited annually by a million people. There are memorials at the sites of German-perpetrated massacres of Poles, German-operated forced labour camps, etc. The voivodeship

1768-617: The largest old squares in Poland The mountainous country around Nowy Sącz is also popular with tourists, hikers and skiers, especially the Beskid Sądecki mountains (part of the Carpathians ), of which the highest peak is Radziejowa (1,262 m (4,140.42  ft ) above sea level ). Nearby popular mountain resorts include Krynica-Zdrój and Piwniczna-Zdrój (" Zdrój " means "health spa"). 15 km (9 mi) north of Nowy Sącz

1820-751: The location of the Jagiellonian University , Poland's oldest university and one of world's oldest, established by King Casimir III the Great . In the Late Middle Ages , Oświęcim and Zator were ducal seats of local lines of the Piast dynasty . Following the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland , the region witnessed several uprisings against foreign rule, i.e. the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, Kraków uprising of 1846 and January Uprising of 1863–1864, and Kraków remained one of

1872-647: The main cultural centers of partitioned Poland, taking advantage of the more relaxed policies of the Austrian partitioners than those of the Prussians and Russians . In the interbellum , the region was part of reborn independent Poland. During World War II , it was occupied by Germany , with the occupiers committing their genocidal policies against Poles and Jews in the region, massacring civilians and prisoners of war, including at Szczucin and Olkusz , operating prisons, forced labour camps and, most notably,

1924-402: The mid-14th century, King Casimir the Great built a royal castle here and surrounded the town with a defensive wall . Nowy Sącz was the seat of a castellan and a starosta , becoming an important point in the system of defence of the southern border of Poland. The town was further elevated in 1448 when Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki promoted a local church to the status of a Collegiate . Nowy Sącz

1976-520: The old salt mines of Bochnia (Europe's oldest) and Wieliczka , the pilgrimage town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska , the former Nazi German concentration camp Auschwitz in Oświęcim , the wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland , and the wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine . Four national parks and numerous reserves have been established in the voivodeship to protect

2028-538: The only Polish town founded by the Bohemian king. Its name was taken from the nearby town of Stary Sącz . As early as 1329, the name was spelled Nowy Sandacz. In the 14th and 15th century Nowy Sącz emerged as one of the most important economic and cultural centres of this part of the Kingdom of Poland . The town benefited from its proximity on the trade route to Hungary due to privileges granted by King Władysław I

2080-409: The resistance rescued Jan Karski from a hospital there, and a year later 32 people were shot in reprisal for the escape; several others were sent to concentration camps . The regional Jewish community numbered about 25,000 before World War II, and nearly a third of the town's population was Jewish; ninety per cent of them died or did not return. The Nowy Sącz Ghetto for around 20,000 Jewish people

2132-500: The social and political changes in Poland that started in 1989, the industry has faced economic problems. Nowy Sącz is also important in the food industry, specialising in processing fruits, especially apples. Most of the factories were in the Biegonice district. Now the local government is trying to change the structure of the industry, restructuring old factories and encouraging new companies to start up. This initiative also includes

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2184-534: The town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire and made part of newly formed Galicia , where it remained until November 1918. Nowy Sącz rose to new prominence in the 19th century when the Austrian authorities built a railway connecting it with Vienna (1880s). Nowy Sącz was the seat of a county, new buildings were opened, the town was a rail hub with a large rail repair shop opened in 1876. On 17 April 1894,

2236-733: The town, and during the Swedish invasion of Poland , the town was captured by the Swedes (late 1655), who burned and looted it. Nowy Sącz was a centre of the rebellion against the invaders. The decline of the town continued in the 18th century, when Nowy Sącz suffered more destruction during the Great Northern War and the Bar Confederation , when the castle was burned. In 1772, during the First Partition of Poland ,

2288-652: The town, was deported in Action Vistula (mostly to land recently regained from Germany ) in reaction to the nationalist Ukrainian activity in the region. Nowy Sącz is located at the confluence of the Kamienica River and Dunajec , about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of the Slovak border, in the Sądecka Valley ( Kotlina Sądecka ) at an altitude of 381 metres (1,250 feet ). It is surrounded by ranges of

2340-620: The voivodeship is Kraków . The largest regional enterprise operates here, the Tadeusz Sendzimir Steelworks in Nowa Huta , employing 17,500 people. Another major industrial center is located in the west, in the neighborhood of Chrzanów (chiefly the production of railway engines) and Oświęcim (chemical works). Kraków Park Technologiczny, a special economic zone , has been established within the voivodeship. There are almost 210,000 registered economic entities operating in

2392-552: The voivodeship, mostly small and medium-sized, of which 234 belong to the state-owned sector. Foreign investment, growing in the region, reached approximately US$ 18.3 billion by the end of 2006. A total of 130,000 students attend fifteen Kraków institutions of higher learning. The Jagiellonian University , the largest university in the city (44,200 students), was founded in 1364 as Cracow Academy . Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła ( Pope John Paul II ) graduated from it. The AGH University of Science and Technology (29,800 students)

2444-422: The world. Błędów Desert , the only desert in Poland, is located in Lesser Poland, where temperatures can often reach 38 °C (100 °F) in the summer. Lesser Poland Voivodeship is the voivodeship with the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Poland with six entries, encompassing the Kraków Old Town with the Wawel Royal Castle , former main royal residence and burial site of Polish monarchs,

2496-464: Was Novyj Sanc. Its Yiddish names include צאַנז ( Tsanz ) and נײַ-סאַנץ ( Nay-Sants ). Nowy Sącz was founded on 8 November 1292 by the Polish and Bohemian ruler Wenceslaus II , on the site of an earlier village named Kamienica. The foundation of Nowy Sącz took place due to the efforts of Bishop of Kraków , Paweł of Przemanków  [ pl ] , who owned Kamienica. Upon request of the bishop, Wenceslaus II granted it Magdeburg rights , making it

2548-418: Was a royal city of Poland, administratively located in the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province . Nowy Sącz prospered in the Polish Golden Age (16th century). It was an important centre of the Protestant Reformation . Local leader of the Polish Brethren , Stanisław Farnowski, was very popular among local nobility . Good times ended in the 17th century. In 1611 a great fire destroyed much of

2600-490: Was established by the German authorities near the castle. Its inhabitants were deported aboard Holocaust trains to Belzec extermination camp over three days in August 1942 and murdered. Across the river in the Jewish Cemetery, 300–500 Polish people were executed for their participation in the sheltering of Jews . Several Poles were also held by the occupiers in the local prison for helping Jews, before being deported to concentration camps. The Red Army fought its way into

2652-475: Was occupied by the Russian Army . The Russians were driven back by the Central Powers in December 1914. In the final stages of the war, on 31 October – 1 November 1918, Poles stationed in the Austrian 10th Infantry Regiment in the city and local members of the secret Polish Military Organisation liberated it from Austrian rule, almost two weeks before Poland regained independence. Nowy Sącz and its surroundings, including Nowy Targ and Sanok , were claimed by

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2704-446: Was the capital of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship (1975–98). In the 1950s the Polish authorities applied a special economic programme for the town, called the Nowy Sacz Experiment . The plan was to provide improvement and acceleration of the region's economic development, but it was only partially completed. The town was an important centre of the railway industry, and now contains one of the biggest railway engineering works in Poland. Since

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