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43-530: Mińsk Mazowiecki ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈmij̃sk mazɔˈvjɛtskʲi] " Masovian Minsk ") is a town in eastern Poland with 40,999 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship and is a part of the Warsaw metropolitan area . It is the capital of Mińsk County . Located 20 kilometers from the city limits of Warsaw and 38 kilometers from Warsaw's center. The source of

86-417: Is twinned with: Masovian Voivodeship Masovian Voivodeship has an area of 35,579 square kilometres (13,737 sq mi) and had a 2019 population of 5,411,446, making it Poland's largest and most populous province. Its principal cities are Warsaw (1.783 million) in the center of the Warsaw metropolitan area , Radom (212,230) to the south, Płock (119,709) to the west, Siedlce (77,990) to

129-533: Is also popular with tourists due to the many historical monuments and its over 20% forested area of pine and oak . The province's Kampinos National Park is a UNESCO biosphere reserve . In the Early Middle Ages , the territory was inhabited by the Masovians , an old Polish tribe . It formed part of Poland since its establishment in the 10th century, with the then-regional capital Płock being

172-680: Is headed by the province's voivode ( governor ) who is appointed by the Polish Prime Minister . The voivode is then assisted in performing his duties by the voivodeship's marshal , who is the appointed speaker for the voivodeship's executive and is elected by the sejmik ( provincial assembly ). The current voivode of Masovia is Konstanty Radziwiłł . The Sejmik of Masovia consists of 51 members. Protected areass include one National Park and nine Landscape parks . These are shown below. Masovia Voivodeship, 1526–1795 ( Polish : Województwo Mazowieckie )

215-425: Is roughly coterminous. However, the province's southern part, including Radom, historically belonged to Lesser Poland ; while Łomża with environs, though historically part of Mazovia, is now part of Podlaskie Voivodeship . Masovian Voivodeship is Poland's prime center of science , research, education, industry, and infrastructure . It has Poland's lowest unemployment rate and is a very high-income province. It

258-645: The Austro-Polish War of 1809, it became part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw . After the duchy's dissolution, in 1815, it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland . During the November Uprising , it was the site of two battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops, fought on 26 April and 14 July 1831. In 1866, the Mińsk County was established, and the first train arrived to Mińsk ( Warsaw–Terespol Railway ). In 1867,

301-614: The Greater Poland Uprising broke out, whose goal was to reintegrate the region with the reborn Polish state. On January 3, 1919 the town was recaptured by the German Grenzschutz , and afterwards Germany concentrated significant forces in the town, and carried out mass arrests of local Poles, who were then deported to Bydgoszcz (Bromberg) , Szczecin (Stettin) and Goleniów (Gollnow) . On January 8, 1919, Polish insurgents unsuccessfully attempted to recapture

344-531: The Masovia Governorate . Three major international road routes pass through the voivodeship: Cork–Berlin–Poznań–Warszawa–Minsk–Moscow–Omsk ( European route E30 ), Prague–Wrocław–Warsaw–Białystok–Helsinki ( E67 ) and Pskov–Gdańsk–Warsaw–Kraków–Budapest ( E77 ). Currently, there are various stretches of highways in the area, with the A2 highway connecting the region, and therefore the capital city, with

387-745: The Modlin Fortress and Warsaw Citadel . The sole spa town of the voivodeship is Konstancin-Jeziorna . There are museums dedicated to composer Fryderyk Chopin and chemist Marie Curie at their birthplaces in Żelazowa Wola and Warsaw , respectively. There is also a Fryderyk Chopin Museum in Warsaw. There is a museum dedicated to famous Renaissance poet Jan Kochanowski in Czarnolas . The Krasiński Palace in Opinogóra Górna hosts

430-569: The November Uprising of 1830–1831, and the January Uprising of 1863–1864. In the interbellum , the region was part of reborn independent Poland. In 1920, the region was invaded by Soviet Russia , but Poland secured its freedom in the victorious Battle of Warsaw . The southern part of the current province was rapidly industrialized as part of the Central Industrial Region of Poland. During World War II , it

473-955: The Temple of Mercy and Charity in Płock, the worldwide headquarters of the Mariavite Church , the Abbey Church in Czerwińsk nad Wisłą , one of the best preserved Romanesque fortified churches in Poland, and the Saints Roch and John the Baptist church in Brochów , a Gothic-Renaissance fortified church, place of baptism of Fryderyk Chopin . Otwock , Józefów and Warsaw are home to the local Świdermajer architectural style. There are also

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516-591: The Via Baltica which heads on to Lithuania, and to Wrocław in the south-west, and the S17 being built to connect Warsaw with Lublin in the south-east and on to Ukraine. The two main railway carriers operating in the region are the regional Koleje Mazowieckie and nationwide PKP Intercity . Three of ten busiest railway stations of Poland are located in the voivodeship: Warszawa Centralna , Warszawa Wschodnia , Warszawa Zachodnia . The main international airport in

559-535: The ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki train construction factory was founded. In 1957, Mińsk Mazowiecki became a military garrison. A new train station was opened in 1979. Solidarity events took place in 1985. In 1990, Zbigniew Grzesiak was elected Mayor in first post-WWII free elections. In 1999, the Mińsk County was established. In 1768, the restrictions on permanent residence for Jewish people in Mińsk had been lifted. From

602-666: The 19th century to the 1930s, it became very popular. Before the Second World War , there were thousands of Jews living in Mińsk, and they had a general synagogue and smaller temples. The Novominsk hasidic dynasty was founded here in the late 19th century by Rabbi Yaakov Perlow, a descendant of the Baal Shem Tov. Soon after the war began, the Germans created the Mińsk Ghetto . It was liquidated on 21 July 1942. Most of

645-668: The European average. The top tourist destination of the voivodeship is the capital city of Warsaw with its Old Town and Royal Castle , a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland . Further Historic Monuments in Warsaw include the Royal Route with several palaces and parks, most notably the Łazienki Palace and Wilanów Palace , and the Warsaw Water Filters . Other historic cities include Radom with its old center and parks, Pułtusk with

688-572: The Germans established an internment camp for Polish civilians, mostly intelligentsia arrested during the Intelligenzaktion , and a prisoner-of-war camp for captured Polish soldiers (Stalag XXI-B). Szubin was one of the sites of executions of Poles , carried out by the Germans as part of the Intelligenzaktion . In December 1939 and January 1940, the Germans expelled 1,280 and 780 Poles respectively, including activists, veterans of

731-765: The Greater Poland Uprising, families of teachers, local officials and owners of shops, workshops and better houses, which were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. The Polish resistance movement was active in Szubin, including a local unit of the Wielkopolska Organizacja Wojskowa , later merged into the Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich . In 1940,

774-570: The Jews were murdered in Treblinka extermination camp sent in Holocaust trains by the thousands. The remaining Jewish population were murdered in Mińsk on 10 January 1943 (500 people) and 5 June (the last 150 people). Trade: Service: Industry: Culture: Sport: Overall: 13.12 square kilometres (5.07 sq mi) Cities: Estates built as part of Mińsk: Villages: Mińsk Mazowiecki

817-470: The Museum of Romanticism . There are numerous World War II memorials, including memorials at the sites of Nazi massacres of Poles, including Palmiry , and Holocaust memorials, and museums at the sites of the former Nazi German Treblinka extermination camp , Pawiak Prison in Warsaw and Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków . Football , handball , volleyball and basketball enjoy the largest following in

860-857: The Pałuka family was noted in 1365. It became a town in 1434. Szubin was a private town of Polish nobility , including the Mycielski and Opaliński families, administratively located in the Kcynia County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. It was granted new privileges in 1645 and 1750. In 1773, it was annexed by Prussia during the Partitions of Poland . In 1783,

903-635: The Polish underground Home Army (prelude to the Warsaw Uprising ), however, the Soviets occupied the town the next day. On 2–3 March 1945, the Soviets carried out executions of the local Polish elite, including Mayor Hipolit Konopka. After the war, the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. In 1952,

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946-526: The boys' school in the town was surrounded by barbed wire fences and additional concrete huts were added, so that it could become a prisoner-of-war camp for captured Polish, French , British , Canadian , Australian , New Zealand and Soviet officers as Oflag XXI-B , while the Stalag XXI-B POW camp was relocated to the nearby village of Tur . In 1943, the Oflag XXI-B camp was changed to

989-594: The capital of Poland from 1079 to 1138. The Wzgórze Tumskie ("Cathedral Hill") in Płock with the Płock Castle and the Catholic Cathedral , seat of one of the oldest Polish dioceses, est. in 1075, which contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs , is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland . Later, Płock, Warsaw and Czersk were medieval ducal seats of the Piast dynasty . In 1505, Radom hosted

1032-484: The east, and Ostrołęka (52,071) to the north. It borders six other provinces: Warmian-Masurian to the north, Podlaskie to the northeast, Lublin to the southeast, Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) to the south, Łódź to the southwest, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian to the northwest. The name of the province recalls the region's traditional name, Mazovia (in Polish Mazowsze , also spelled Masovia), with which it

1075-420: The eastern part of Masovian Voivodeship , 37 kilometres (23 miles) east from Warsaw 's Center and 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Warsaw's border. The first mention of a settlement with commercial function comes from the 14th century. On 29 May 1421, Duke Janusz I of Warsaw from the Piast dynasty granted Mińsk town privileges . The first wooden church was built in 1422, however, it was not preserved. In 1549,

1118-593: The following year the present hospital was opened. During World War I , it was occupied by Germany from 1915 to 1918. In 1916, the town was renamed to Mińsk Mazowiecki . In 1918, Poland regained independence and control of Mińsk. During the Polish–Soviet War , it was briefly occupied by the Russians on 16 August 1920, and then recaptured by the Poles the next day. On 18 August 1920 Marshal Józef Piłsudski stayed in

1161-602: The longest paved marketplace of Europe, and Płock , former medieval capital of Poland, with its Old Town and Wzgórze Tumskie ("Cathedral Hill") with the Płock Castle and the Płock Cathedral , which contains the sarcophagi of a number of Polish monarchs. There are several medieval castles, including at Ciechanów , Czersk , Liw , Płock, and numerous palaces in the voivodeship, including at Otwock Wielki , Guzów , Radziejowice , Krubki-Górki , Sanniki , Korczew and multiple in Warsaw itself. Unique historic churches include

1204-534: The name of the town was changed to Nowomińsk ( Novominsk ). In 1870, the Dernałowicz Family became the last owners of the town (up to the Second World War ). In 1886, the first bookstore in east Mazovia was founded in the town. In 1910 or 1912, the Maria Grochowska's School was opened (present-day Polska Macierz Szkolna High School). In 1914, the old church was reopened after reconstruction, and

1247-635: The occupiers established the Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto , which was eventually liquidated on 21 July 1942, with most of the Jewish residents murdered at the Treblinka extermination camp in one of the first episodes of the Holocaust . Two Poles who were held by the Germans in the local prison for rescuing Jews were liberated by the Polish resistance . On 30 July 1944, Mińsk Mazowiecki was liberated by

1290-463: The region is Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport . Masovian Voivodeship is the wealthiest province in Poland. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was PLN 596 billion in 2021, accounting for 22.8% of the Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was around PLN123,000in the same year. The unemployment rate stood at 4.8% in 2017 and was higher than the national and

1333-506: The rest of Europe. The highway passes directly through the voivodeship from west to east, connecting it with Belarus and Germany. However, the A2 is yet to be built east of Warsaw to connect Poland with Belarus. The S7 expressway runs through Poland from the north to the south passing through Warsaw, the S8 connects Warsaw with Białystok , in the neighboring north-eastern province, also forming part of

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1376-612: The session of the Sejm (Polish Parliament), which enacted the Nihil novi act, and in the 16th century, Warsaw hosted several sessions of the Sejm, before King Sigismund III Vasa moved the Polish capital from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. Following the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland , the region witnessed several uprisings against foreign rule: the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794,

1419-415: The town had a population of 1,170, of which 936 (80%) were Poles , 154 (13%) were Germans and 80 (7%) were Jews . After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806 , it was regained by the Poles and included in the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw , administratively located within its Bydgoszcz Department . After the duchy's dissolution it was re-annexed by Prussia in 1815 and from 1871 to 1919, it

1462-519: The town name Mińsk is the Mienia River, which in turn derives from the verb 'mienić' , which means 'to shine'. The postnominal adjective ' Mazowiecki' shows the historical connection to Mazovia and distinguishes Mińsk Mazowiecki (English: “Masovian Minsk” ) from the Belarusian capital of Minsk . Mińsk Mazowiecki is located historically in the region of Mazovia and administratively in

1505-535: The town of Sendomierz was located on the other side of Srebrna River. In 1629, the present church was opened. In 1695, Sendomierz was merged with Mińsk. The 18th century was a time of gradual decline of Mińsk connected with gradual decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Following the Third Partition of Poland , in 1795, the town was annexed by Austria . After the Polish victory in

1548-551: The town, however the next battle of Szubin on January 11–12 ended with Polish victory, and the town finally became part of the Second Polish Republic . During the invasion of Poland , which started World War II , in September 1939, the town was quickly occupied by German troops and was directly annexed to Nazi Germany as part of the newly established region named Warthegau . In September and October 1939,

1591-781: The town. In the interbellum, the town enjoyed great development, and in 1937 the first electric train arrived. The 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment was stationed in Mińsk Mazowiecki in the interbellum, and nowadays there is a museum dedicated to the unit in the town. On 13 September 1939, it was the site of the Battle of Mińsk Mazowiecki between Poles led by General Władysław Anders and the invading German army. Afterwards it fell under German occupation . In 1939, some expelled Poles from Barcin , Kępno , Ostrzeszów , Rychtal and Szubin were deported to Mińsk Mazowiecki. In October 1940,

1634-704: The voivodeship. Successful clubs include Legia Warsaw and Polonia Warsaw in football and basketball, and Wisła Płock in handball. Since the establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the 2002 World Weightlifting Championships , 2003 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships , 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , EuroBasket 2009 , UEFA Euro 2012 , 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship , 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship , 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship , 2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships , 2023 World Men's Handball Championship . Deepspot ,

1677-619: The world's second deepest swimming pool, is located in Mszczonów . Szubin Szubin ( [ˈʂubin] ) is a town in Nakło County , Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , Poland , located southwest of Bydgoszcz . It has a population of around 9,333 (as of 2010). It is located on the Gąsawka River in the ethnocultural region of Pałuki . The first record of a settlement next to the castle of

1720-577: Was occupied by Germany , with the occupiers committing their genocidal policies against Poles and Jews in the region, with expulsions , massacres of civilians and prisoners of war , including at Ciepielów , Śladów , Zakroczym , Ostrów Mazowiecka , Palmiry , Firlej , Ochota , and Wola . Germany operated numerous prisons, forced labour camps, the Treblinka extermination camp , in which some 700,000–900,000 people were murdered, and several prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, Italian , French , Soviet, and Romanian prisoners of war. Masovian Province

1763-687: Was also part of Germany and was known in German as Schubin . Administratively, Schubin was the capital of the Schubin district in the Bromberg region of the Prussian Province of Posen . Local people took part in the various insurrections which unsuccessfully tried to regain freedom in the 19th century. To resist Germanisation policies, Poles also founded various organizations. After World War I , in 1918, Poland regained independence, and

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1806-427: Was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland , and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , from the 15th century until the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1795). Together with Płock and Rawa Voivodeships , it formed the province ( prowincja ) of Masovia . Masovian Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland . It was formed from the Warsaw Department and transformed into

1849-588: Was created on 1 January 1999, under the Polish local-government reforms adopted in 1998, out of the former provinces of Warsaw , Płock , Ciechanów , Ostrołęka , Siedlce , and Radom . Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties , including five city counties and 37 land counties. These are subdivided into 314 gminas (municipalities), which include 85 urban gminas. The voivodeship contains 10 cities and 78 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019): Towns: The Masovian voivodeship's government

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