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26-531: The Mokroluški potok originates in Belgrade's eastern neighborhood of Veliki Mokri Lug , in the municipality of Zvezdara , which also gives the name to the stream ( Mokri Lug stream ). The Mokroluški potok flows generally in a north-west direction and its valley is used as a route for the Belgrade- Niš highway (constructed 1967-74). After it passes the cemetery of the neighboring Mali Mokri Lug , it reaches

52-507: Is a 3 kilometers long street which connects Veliki Mokri Lug and Medaković III and a sub-neighborhood of Veliki Mokri Lug developing around it. It goes through the entire western section of the neighborhood, but the term is mostly applied to the previously empty are along the street between Veliki Mokri Lug and Belgrade, which is becoming more and more urbaznied since the early 2000s. Kalu%C4%91erica Kaluđerica ( Serbian Cyrillic : Калуђерица , pronounced [kalud͜ʑěrit͜sa] )

78-482: Is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , Serbia . It is located in the municipality of Grocka . Kaluđerica is the westernmost settlement in the municipality of Grocka. It is located 6 kilometers east of central Belgrade and stretches in two fork-like urban formations between the road of Smederevski put to the north and the Belgrade-Niš highway to the south. The settlement is built in the hollow (micro valley of

104-516: Is generally rich in springs and wells, which is obvious from many of the settlement's toponyms (streets like Petko's well, Miloš' well, Mitke's well, Little spring, Buljubaša's waters, Creek street) so as from its own name ( veliki mokri lug is Serbian for "large wet grove" as opposed to Mali Mokri Lug, "little wet grove"). During the Roman period , the Romans built an aqueduct to conduct water from

130-599: Is one of the oldest neighborhoods on the territory of modern Zvezdara municipality. Until the 1970s, Veliki Mokri Lug was a separate village and a suburban settlement of Belgrade. With the massive administrative reorganization of the Belgrade City limits after the 1971 population census, entire eastern and southern string of more or less urbanized suburbs ( Višnjica , Mirijevo , Mali Mokri Lug, Veliki Mokri Lug, Selo Rakovica , Jajinci , Kijevo , Kneževac , Resnik , Železnik , Žarkovo ) were administratively annexed to

156-558: The Kaluđerički potok creek), with a specific microclimate , so out of all parts of Belgrade Kaluđerica is often the foggiest and the first one to have snow in winter. Kaluđerica originated during the Ottoman rule of Serbia . A group of refugees who fled the Turks, settled at the bottom of the valley between two major roads. They cleared the thick woods around the creek and up to the 1950s,

182-526: The Belgrade City proper ( uža teritorija grada ), turning from the separate settlements into the "local communities" ( mesna zajednica ), sub-municipal administrative unit. Population of Veliki Mokri Lug by the official censuses: Unlike majority of former suburbs and now neighborhoods on the outskirts of Belgrade, Veliki Mokri Lug kept mainly rural features, which resulted in population stagnation, while some neighboring settlements expanded significantly (Mali Mokri Lug, Kumodraž, Kaluđerica). A motion for building

208-588: The City of Belgrade territory, excluding the informal settlements . With a total lack of control in the settlements expansion, in few cases it even happened that people would build houses in the middle of the street, disconnecting it. Kaluđerica, in urban sense, grew with Belgrade’s most eastern part Mali Mokri Lug on the north, along the Smederevski put , and Veliki Mokri Lug to the south, divided from Kaluđerica (that is, from Kaluđerica's section of Klenak) by

234-530: The Sava, northern slopes of Senjak hill descended to the streams left bank. Up to the 19th century, the slope was known as Zamastir. Czech émigré Heinrich Smutek, arranged a large estate (with a brickyard ) and a garden in the area, and opened a kafana "Smutekovac". As it became highly popular with the Belgraders, the name Zamastir was in time replaced with Smutekovac. The slope above the stream became one of

260-643: The Trench (which surrounded it)". Veliki Mokri Lug Veliki Mokri Lug ( Serbian Cyrillic : Велики Мокри Луг ) is an urban neighbourhood of Belgrade , Serbia . It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zvezdara . Veliki Mokri Lug is the southernmost neighborhood of the municipality of Zvezdara, located on the right side of the Highway Belgrade–Niš . Surrounding area is still largely unurbanized, but it makes continuous built up area with several other neighborhoods, mostly along roads: Kaluđerica on

286-402: The area around Mokroluški potok was left as a steep, elongated cut in the ground and so was given its present name ( Prokop ). The stream was mostly conducted underground in the 1970s. Before it was channeled, the stream often flooded the area of Dušanovac and Marinkova Bara during the heavy rains, as it was where it received two tributaries, Duboki potok from the north and Kumodraški potok, from

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312-484: The church in the neighborhood originated in 1988, and the construction began in 1990. The church was designed by architect Ljubiša Bošnjak. The lot on which it was built was donated by the emigrant Rajko Nikolić from Canada . It was consecrated in 1998 and dedicated to the Saint Hieromartyr Kyriaki , but remained unfinished. The founder, and the first elder of the church, Branko Kovačević (1930-2009)

338-459: The fastest growing settlements in Serbia. According to the latest census of the population, Kaluđerica had a population of 26,904 in 2011. It is three times more populous than its municipal seat, Grocka (population of 8,441 in 2011). However, most of the houses are built without the necessary building permits, so population is presumably much higher, especially after the wars in former Yugoslavia and

364-452: The highway. Architects and urbanists describe Kaluđerica as an “undefined conglomerate of residential objects built against the law” or as an “example of deurbanisation which went beyond hope”. In the expansion of the population of jackals in the outskirts of Belgrade since the 2000s, the animals were spotted in Kaluđerica by the spring of 2022. For several decades Kaluđerica was among

390-446: The hill on which the modern Veliki Mokri Lug is located. At some point it was joining the aqueduct from the nearby Kumodraž Hill, and the water was further conducted to the castrum of Singidunum , predecessor of modern Belgrade. Natural inclination of two hills was used for the water to flow all the way to the city. Stražarska Kosa, eastern and southeastern part of the settlement is the oldest section of Veliki Mokri Lug. As such, it

416-494: The influx of the refugees from Bosnia and Hercegovina , Croatia and Kosovo and Metohija (journalists often nickname Kaluđerica the largest illegal settlement in Europe ). Belgrade's City Public Transportation Company (GSP), Telekom Srbija and police, based on the number of people using their services, estimate the population between 45,000 and 50,000. As Kaluđerica rapidly developed, several distinct sub-neighborhoods within

442-414: The main excursion areas for the citizens. In the 1870s the area was purchased and parceled by Đorđe Vajfert who opened the brewery in 1872. Though undistinguished in terms of hydrology, the stream was important in Belgrade geography, while in architecture it has been described as the "key topology character of Belgrade's history". Its valley serves as the route for the highway. A small bridge ( most ) over

468-504: The name was derived from the word kaluđer which means a monk (kaluđerica - a monk's place), though in modern Serbian, word kaluđerica means a nun . Monastery was demolished in fire after the World War II . As the significant part of the settlement is built without permits and plans, none of the communal problems are even remotely solved. Kaluđerica is notorious for its lack of sewage, which during strong rains spills over in

494-477: The neighborhood of Medaković III where the stream is conducted underground for the first time. The channeled mouth of the stream is still visible under the Gazela Bridge . After an underground flow of about one kilometer, the stream resurfaces in the neighborhood of Medaković II , but one kilometer later, in the neighborhood of Marinkova Bara , it goes underground again. Formerly, it used to flow through

520-406: The neighborhoods of Dušanovac , Autokomanda and Jatagan Mala . The area in the lower valley of the now underground stream was used for digging earth and gravel which were used to cover and drain the swamps on the Sava's right bank, so that neighborhoods of Savamala and Bara Venecija could be constructed, and for the building of Belgrade's central railway station. After the works were completed,

546-424: The settlement was predominantly agrarian, with most of the inhabitants working in agriculture and cattle breeding. There was a spring of mineral water in the village. It was a spring of warm, sulfur water , up to 25 °C (77 °F). The spring was recorded in the 1892 papers published by the state government. Nearby Bubanj Potok was the location of a monastery which owned land in the present Kaluđerica, so

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572-568: The south. The valley of the creek was a route for the Roman aqueduct , which conducted the waters from the Mokri Lug area to the Singidunum castrum . At some point, it received waters from another aqueduct, from the left, which originated in the modern neighborhood of Kumodraž . Both Mokri Lug and Kumodraž are located on the hills, so the natural inclination allowed for the water to flow downhill to Singidunum. At Mostar, before flowing into

598-469: The stream, near its mouth into the Sava, gave name to the local kafana "Mostar" after which, in turn, the entire neighborhood was named Mostar . In architecture, "the narrative of the Belgrade's terrain ended steeply at the (stream's) line, finalizing the development of Sava amphitheater and marking the edge of the city in its next spreading to the south, further from the Belgrade Fortress and

624-426: The streets, and smells during the summer. Situation is not better with the waterworks and electricity (which are, by the largest number, illegally conducted from the public lines) or transportation (short and bending streets, with only one straight street in the settlement, and only one daily bus line of the public transportation, 309). Kaluđerica probably has some of the worst conditions of any other neighborhoods in

650-543: The west, Mali Mokri Lug on the north, Kumodraž on the south and Padina and Medaković III , through Cvetanova Ćuprija. Veiki Mokri Lug is located east of the Kumodraž field, on two hills, Mokroluško Brdo (234 meters) on the west and Stražarska Kosa, on the south. The settlement developed in the headwaters area of Mokroluški Potok , a right tributary to the Sava river , which flows between slopes of these two hills. The area

676-414: Was buried in the churchyard. Some works were completed later, like the floor made of ceramic granite, but it remained unpainted and without iconostasis into the 2020s. With the help from the government and parishioners, the first altar painting was finished by 2022, representing Bogorodica Širšaja , or "Mother of God, Larger than Heavens". Cvetanova Ćuprija ( Serbian Cyrillic : Цветанова ћуприја )

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