Misplaced Pages

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49-442: In 2007 the school had on average about 30 students, though it is common for them to go back and forth between Niihau and Kauai , so not every student will be present each day. Prior to 2007, the facility relied on generators for electricity. As power was not constant, the use of computers was problematic, and students mostly ate canned food instead of fresh food. In 2007 a 72-battery, 80 solar panel photovoltaic solar power system

98-461: A Tesla Energy 13 MW / 52 MWh battery next to the 12 MW Kapaia solar plant for 13.9¢/kWh. In December 2018, KIUC opened an AES Distributed Energy project for 20 MW solar with 20 MW / 100 MWh batteries priced at 11.1¢/kWh. Līhuʻe , on the island's southeastern coast, is the seat of Kauaʻi County and the island's second-largest town. Kapaʻa, on the "Coconut Coast" (site of an old coconut plantation) about 6 mi (9.7 km) north of Līhuʻe, has

147-607: A biopic of Bethany Hamilton , Soul Surfer . A scene in the opening credits of popular TV show M*A*S*H was filmed in Kauaʻi (helicopter flying over mountain top). Some scenes from Just Go with It , George of the Jungle , and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides were also filmed in Kauaʻi. A Perfect Getaway is set in Kauaʻi. Parts of the 2002 film Dragonfly were filmed there, although

196-463: A father would carry his child. Another possible translation is "food season". Kauaʻi was known for its distinct dialect of the Hawaiian language , which still survives on Niʻihau. While the dominant dialect is based on that of Hawaiʻi island , which has no [t] sound, the Kauaʻi dialect had this sound. This happened because the Kauaʻi dialect had retained the old Polynesian /t/ sound, replaced in

245-536: A high marginal product of labor realized through the increasing number of enslaved people. Plantings of the Pará rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) are usually called plantations. Oil palm agriculture rapidly expands across wet tropical regions and is usually developed at a plantation scale. Fruit orchards are sometimes considered to be plantations. These include tobacco , sugarcane , pineapple , bell pepper , and cotton , especially in historical usage. Before

294-540: A huge armada of ships and canoes to take the islands by force, and twice failed, once because of a storm, and once because of an epidemic . But in the face of the threat of a further invasion, Kaumualiʻi decided to join the kingdom without bloodshed, and became Kamehameha's vassal in 1810. He ceded the island to the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi upon his death in 1824. From the 1830s till the mid-20th century, plantations of sugarcane were Kauaʻi's most important industry. In 1835,

343-508: A lack of natural regeneration. The tree species used in a plantation are also an important factor. Where non-native varieties or species are grown, few native faunas are adapted to exploit these, and further biodiversity loss occurs. However, even non-native tree species may serve as corridors for wildlife and act as a buffer for native forests, reducing edge effect . Once a plantation is established, managing it becomes an important environmental factor. The most critical aspect of management

392-507: A natural forest is cleared for a planted forest, then a reduction in biodiversity and loss of habitat will likely result. In some cases, their establishment may involve draining wetlands to replace mixed hardwoods that formerly predominated with pine species. If a plantation is established on abandoned agricultural land or highly degraded land, it can increase both habitat and biodiversity. A planted forest can be profitably established on lands that will not support agriculture or suffer from

441-467: A population of over 10,000, or about 50% greater than Līhuʻe. Princeville , on the island's north side, was once the capital of Kauaʻi. Communities on Kauaʻi range in population from the roughly 10,000 people in Kapaʻa to tiny hamlets. Below are the larger or more notable of those from the northernmost end of Hawaii Route 560 to the western terminus of Hawaii Route 50 : Located on the southeastern side of

490-548: A record in hourly precipitation. During a storm on January 24–25, 1956, a rain gauge at Kauaʻi's former Kilauea Sugar Plantation recorded a record twelve in (305 mm) of precipitation in just 60 minutes. The value for one hour is an underestimate, since the rain gauge overflowed, which may have resulted in an error by as much as 1 in (25 mm). An accurate measurement may have exceeded Holt, Missouri 's world-record rainfall of 12 in (300 mm) in 42 minutes on June 22, 1947. Hawaii Standard Time ( UTC−10:00 )

539-667: A tool of environmental restoration . Sugar plantations were highly valued in the Caribbean by the British and French colonists in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the use of sugar in Europe rose during this period. Sugarcane is still an important crop in Cuba. Sugar plantations also arose in countries such as Barbados and Cuba because of the natural endowments that they had. These natural endowments included soil conducive to growing sugar and

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588-615: Is based on the 2007 novel by Hawaiian writer Kaui Hart Hemmings . Plantation Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. Plantations, centered on a plantation house , grow crops including cotton , cannabis , coffee , tea , cocoa , sugar cane , opium , sisal , oil seeds , oil palms , fruits, rubber trees and forest trees. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations are located. In modern use,

637-600: Is home to the U.S. Navy's "Barking Sands" Pacific Missile Range Facility , on the western shore. MF and HF (" shortwave ") radio station WWVH , sister station to WWV and low frequency WWVB in Fort Collins, Colorado , is on the west coast of Kauaʻi, about 3 mi (5 km) south of Barking Sands. WWVH, WWV and WWVB are operated by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology , broadcasting standard time and frequency information to

686-651: Is observed on Kauaʻi year-round. When mainland states are on daylight saving time , for example, the time on Kauaʻi is three hours behind the West Coast of the United States and six hours behind the East Coast . Tourism is Kauaʻi's largest industry. In 2007, 1,271,000 people visited. The two largest groups were from the continental United States (84% of all visitors) and Japan (3%). As of 2003, approximately 27,000 jobs existed on Kauaʻi. The largest sector

735-563: Is one of the main Hawaiian Islands . It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km ), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States . Kauaʻi lies 73 miles (117 km) northwest of Oʻahu , across the Kauaʻi Channel . The island's 2020 population was 73,298. Styling itself the "Garden Isle", Kauaʻi is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and Na Pali Coast State Park . It forms

784-485: Is the Mt. Waiʻaleʻale rain gauge. Mt. Waiʻaleʻale is often cited as the wettest spot on earth, although this has been disputed. Based on data for the period from 1931 through 1960, the average yearly precipitation was 460 in (11,700 mm) (U.S. Environmental Science Services Administration, 1968). Between 1949 and 2004, the average yearly precipitation at Mt. Waiʻaleʻale was 374 in (9,500 mm). Kauaʻi also holds

833-420: Is the rotation period. Plantations harvested on more extended rotation periods (30 years or more) can provide similar benefits to a naturally regenerated forest managed for wood production on a similar rotation. This is especially true if native species are used. In the case of exotic species, the habitat can be improved significantly if the impact is mitigated by measures such as leaving blocks of native species in

882-646: The American Civil War . The mild temperate climate , plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils of the Southeastern United States allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of enslaved Africans were held captive and forced to produce crops to create wealth for a white elite . When Newfoundland was colonized by England in 1610, the original colonists were called "planters", and their fishing rooms were known as "fishing plantations". These terms were used well into

931-721: The Roman Empire , which produced large quantities of grain, wine, and olive oil for export. Plantation agriculture proliferated with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonialism . Tree plantations, in the United States often called tree farms , are established for the commercial production of timber or tree products such as palm oil , coffee , or rubber . Teak and bamboo plantations in India have given good results and an alternative crop solution to farmers of central India, where conventional farming

980-560: The Southern United States from the 17th into the 20th century. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock . Until the abolition of slavery , such plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of enslaved people. Plantations are an important aspect of the history of the Southern United States , particularly before

1029-497: The company store . In Brazil, a sugarcane plantation was termed an engenho ("engine"), and the 17th-century English usage for organized colonial production was "factory." Such colonial social and economic structures are discussed at Plantation economy . Sugar workers on plantations in Cuba and elsewhere in the Caribbean lived in company towns known as bateyes . Plantation complexes were common on agricultural plantations in

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1078-634: The "standard" Hawaiʻi dialect by [k] . This difference applies to all words with these sounds, so the Kauaian name for Kauaʻi was pronounced "Tauaʻi", and Kapaʻa was pronounced "Tapaʻa". Polynesian inhabitants settled on the island about 600 to 800 C.E., as indicated by radiocarbon dating of archeological sites. They are believed to have come from the Marquesas Islands . A second wave arrived by sea-canoe from Tahiti around 800–1000 C.E. Many Hawaiian traditions and belief structures derive from

1127-716: The Island to the main highways of Kauaʻi are: The Kauaʻi Bus is the public transportation service of the County of Kauaʻi. The Kauaʻi Heritage Center of Hawaiʻian Culture and the Arts was founded in 1998. Its mission is to nurture appreciation and respect for Hawaiian culture. It offers classes in Hawaiian language, hula , lei and cordage making, the lunar calendar, chanting, and trips to cultural sites. Kauaʻi has been featured in more than 70 Hollywood movies and TV shows, including

1176-532: The bulk of Kauai County , which also includes the small nearby islands of Kaʻula , Lehua , and Niʻihau . Hawaiian narrative derives the name's origin from the legend of Hawaiʻiloa , the Polynesian navigator credited with discovering the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates that he named the island after a favorite son; a possible translation of Kauaʻi is "place around the neck", describing how

1225-523: The central mountains, carving out canyons with many scenic waterfalls. On the west side of the island, Waimea town is at the mouth of the Waimea River , whose flow formed Waimea Canyon, one of the world's most scenic canyons, which is part of Waimea Canyon State Park . At three thousand ft (910 m) deep, Waimea Canyon is often called "The Grand Canyon of the Pacific". Kokeo Point lies on

1274-529: The culture that arrived with these Tahitians. In 1778, Captain James Cook arrived at Waimea Bay, the first European known to have reached the Hawaiian islands. He named the archipelago the "Sandwich Isles" after his patron, the 6th Earl of Sandwich, George Montagu. During the reign of King Kamehameha , Kauaʻi and Niʻihau joined his Kingdom of Hawaiʻi , the last to do so. Their ruler, Kaumualiʻi , resisted Kamehameha for years. Kamehameha twice prepared

1323-421: The eastern two-thirds of the island. Kauaʻi's highest peak is Kawaikini , at 5,243 ft (1,598 m). The second-highest is Mount Waiʻaleʻale , near the center of the island, 5,148 ft (1,569 m) above sea level. One of the wettest spots on earth, with an annual average rainfall of 460 in (38.3 ft; 11.7 m), is on the east side of Mount Waiʻaleʻale. The rain has eroded deep valleys in

1372-437: The first sugarcane plantation was founded on Kauaʻi, and for the next century the industry dominated Hawaiʻi's economy. Kauaʻi's last sugarcane plantation, the 118-year-old Gay & Robinson Plantation, stopped planting sugar in 2008. In 1835, Old Koloa Town opened a sugar mill. From 1906 to 1934 the office of County Clerk was held by John Mahiʻai Kāneakua , who had been active in attempts to restore Queen Liliuokalani to

1421-505: The inputs cost $ 69.3 million and $ 83 million, respectively. By 2011, 92% of KIUC's power came from diesel. By 2017, KIUC's fuel mix was 56% fossil fuels , 9% hydroelectric , 12% biomass and 23% solar . KIUC integrated large-scale solar into its grid so that, during sunny daylight hours, 97% or more of its generation came from renewable sources. KIUC offers $ 1,000 rebates to residential customers who have solar water heating systems installed on their homes. In 2017, KIUC opened

1470-501: The island's south side. The Na Pali Coast is an isolated center for recreation, including kayaking along the beaches and hiking on the trail along the coastal cliffs. The headlands Kamala Point, Kawai Point, Kawelikoa Point, Kuahonu Point, Paoʻa Point, and Molehu Point are on the southeast of the island; Makaokahaʻi Point and Weli Point are in the south. Kauaʻi's climate is tropical, with generally humid and stable conditions year-round, although infrequent storms cause severe flooding. At

1519-516: The island, Lihue Airport is the island's only commercial airport. It has direct routes to Honolulu , Kahului/Maui , Kona/Hawaii , the U.S. mainland, and Vancouver, Canada. General aviation airports on the island are Port Allen Airport and Princeville Airport . The Pacific Missile Range Facility has a 6,006-foot runway that is closed to general aviation traffic, but could be used for an emergency landing . Several state highways serve Kauaʻi County: Other major highways that link other parts of

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1568-539: The low wages typically paid to plantation workers are the basis of plantation profitability in some areas. In more recent times, overt slavery has been replaced by para-slavery or slavery-in-kind , including the sharecropping system , and even that has been severely reduced. At its most extreme, workers are in " debt bondage ": they must work to pay off a debt at such punitive interest rates that it may never be paid off. Others work unreasonably long hours and are paid subsistence wages that (in practice) may only be spent in

1617-613: The lower elevations, the annual precipitation varies from an average of about 50 in (130 cm) on the windward (northeastern) shore to less than 20 in (51 cm) on the (southwestern) leeward side of the island. The average temperature in Lihu'e , the county seat, ranges from 78 °F (26 °C) in February to 85 °F (29 °C) in August and September. Kauaʻi's mountainous regions offer cooler temperatures in contrast to

1666-413: The musical South Pacific and Disney's 2002 animated feature film Lilo & Stitch along with its franchise's three sequel films (2003's Stitch! The Movie , 2005's Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch , and 2006's Leroy & Stitch ) and first television series ( Lilo & Stitch: The Series ). Scenes from South Pacific were filmed in the vicinity of Hanalei . Waimea Canyon

1715-463: The people and the land were presented as South American. Major acts of two Elvis Presley films, 1961's Blue Hawaii and 1966's Paradise, Hawaiian Style , were filmed on Kauaʻi. Both have scenes shot at the Coco Palms resort . The Descendants , a 2011 film, has major parts shot in Kauaʻi, where the main character and his cousins own ancestral lands they are considering selling. The film

1764-597: The plantation or retaining corridors of natural forest. In Brazil, similar measures are required by government regulation. Plantation owners extensively used enslaved Africans to work on early plantations (such as tobacco, rice, cotton, hemp, and sugar plantations) in the American colonies and the United States, throughout the Caribbean, the Americas, and in European-occupied areas of Africa. In modern times,

1813-562: The public. Kauaʻi Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC) is a not-for-profit electric utility cooperative headquartered in Līhuʻe , which provides electricity for the island. It has 24,000 member-owners who elect a nine-member board of directors. In the 1970s, Kauaʻi burned sugarcane waste to supply most of its electricity. By 2008, transition of energy sources and growth in generating capacity had occurred, with most of Kauaʻi's electricity produced by imported liquid petroleum . In 2006 and 2007,

1862-528: The rise of cotton in the American South, indigo and rice were also sometimes called plantation crops. Probably the most critical factor a plantation has on the local environment is the site where the plantation is established. In Brazil, coffee plantations would use slash-and-burn agriculture, tearing down rainforests and planting coffee trees that depleted the nutrients in soil. Once the soil had been sapped, growers would move on to another place. If

1911-459: The term usually refers only to large-scale estates. Before about 1860, it was the usual term for a farm of any size in the southern parts of British North America , with, as Noah Webster noted, "farm" becoming the usual term from about Maryland northward. The enslavement of people was the norm in Maryland and states southward. The plantations there were forced-labor farms. The term "plantation"

1960-567: The throne after the U.S. takeover of Hawaiʻi in 1893. Valdemar Emil Knudsen was a Norwegian who arrived on Kauai in 1857. Knudsen, or "Kanuka", originally managed Grove Farm in Koloa . He later sought a warmer land and purchased the leases to Mana and Kekaha , where he became a successful sugarcane plantation owner. He settled in Waiawa, between Mana and Kekaha, immediately across the channel from Niʻihau Island. His son, Eric Alfred Knudsen ,

2009-733: The warm coastal areas. At Kōkeʻe State Park , 3,200–4,200 ft (980–1,280 m) ASL , day temperatures vary from an average of 45 °F (7 °C) in January to 68 °F (20 °C) in July. In the winter, temperatures have been known to drop down to the 30s and 40s at the park, which holds an unofficial record low of 29 °F (−2 °C), recorded in February 1986 at Kanaloahuluhulu Meadow. Precipitation in Kauaʻi's mountainous regions averages 50–100 in (1,300–2,500 mm) annually. About ten mi (16 km) southeast of Kōkeʻe state park, at an elevation of 5,075 ft (1,547 m),

Ni'ihau High and Elementary School - Misplaced Pages Continue

2058-406: Was 10.5%, compared to the mainland at 10.7%. As of 2014, the median home price was about $ 400,000. Land in Kauaʻi is very fertile; farmers raise many varieties of fruit and other crops. Guava , coffee , sugarcane, mango , banana , papaya , avocado , star fruit , kava , noni and pineapple are all cultivated on the island, but most agricultural land is used for raising cattle. Kauaʻi

2107-416: Was accommodation/food services (26%, 6,800 jobs), followed by government (15%) and retail (14.5%), with agriculture accounting for 2.9% (780 jobs) and educational services providing 0.7% (183 jobs). The visitors' industry accounted for one third of Kauaʻi's income. Employment is dominated by small businesses, with 87% of all non-farm businesses having fewer than 20 employees. As of 2003, Kauaʻi's poverty rate

2156-536: Was as a sugar farm. The five-million-year-old island, the oldest of the main islands (Niʻihau is older), was formed volcanically as the Pacific Plate passed over the Hawaii hotspot . It consists of an eroded shield volcano with a 9.3–12.4 mi (15.0–20.0 km) diameter summit caldera and two flanking calderas. Rejuvenation of the volcano 0.6–1.40 million years ago left lava flows and cones over

2205-552: Was born in Waiawa. Knudsen was appointed land administrator by King Kamehameha for an area covering 400 km , and was given the title konohiki as well as a position as a noble under the king. Knudsen, who spoke fluent Hawaiian , later became an elected representative and an influential politician. Knudsen lends his name to the Knudsen Gap, a narrow pass between Hã’upu Ridge and the Kahili Ridge. Its primary function

2254-555: Was introduced at a cost of $ 207,000. A rock wall windbreak prevented wind from interfering. The power count was 10.4 kW. It was the first school in Hawaii relying on this system. Charter : This Hawaii school-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kauai Kauaʻi ( Hawaiian: [kɐwˈwɐʔi] ), anglicized as Kauai ( English: / ˈ k aʊ aɪ / KOW -eye or / k ɑː ˈ w ɑː . iː / kah- WAH -ee ),

2303-465: Was used in most British colonies but very rarely in the United Kingdom itself in this sense. There it was used mainly for tree plantations , areas artificially planted with trees, whether purely for commercial forestry , or partly for ornamental effect in gardens and parks, when it might also cover plantings of garden shrubs. Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of

2352-630: Was used in the filming of the 1993 film Jurassic Park and its 2015 sequel Jurassic World was shot in Kauai. Scenes by a waterfall in Mighty Joe Young were shot in Kauai. Parts of the island were used for the opening scenes of the film Raiders of the Lost Ark . Other movies filmed here include Six Days Seven Nights , the 1976 King Kong , and John Ford 's 1963 film Donovan's Reef . Recent films include Tropic Thunder and

2401-627: Was widespread. But due to the rising input costs of agriculture, many farmers have done teak and bamboo plantations, which require very little water (only during the first two years). Teak and bamboo have legal protection from theft. Bamboo, once planted, gives output for 50 years till flowering occurs. Teak requires 20 years to grow to full maturity and fetch returns. These may be established for watershed or soil protection. They are established for erosion control, landslide stabilization, and windbreaks. Such plantations are established to foster native species and promote forest regeneration on degraded lands as

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