20-546: The Odakyu Odawara Line ( 小田急小田原線 , Odakyū-Odawara-sen ) is the main line of Japanese private railway operator Odakyu Electric Railway . It extends 82.5 km (51.3 mi) from Shinjuku in central Tokyo through the southwest suburbs to the city of Odawara , the gateway to Hakone in Kanagawa Prefecture . It is a busy commuter line and is also known for its " Romancecar " limited express services. From Yoyogi-Uehara Station some trains continue onto
40-507: A major strike protesting the breakup (and layoffs of tens of thousands of employees) of JNR in 1985. Though private railways such as industrial railways have existed in Japan they are not deemed shitetsu nor mintetsu in Japanese, as their purpose is not public transit. Tokyo Metro is a member of Japan Private Railway Association but is under special laws and its stock is owned by
60-486: A community with a widely dispersed population must operate circuitous routes that tend to carry fewer passengers per distance (km or mile). A higher number is more favorable. Freight is measured in mass-distance . A simple unit of freight is the kilogram-kilometre (kgkm), the service of moving one kilogram of payload a distance of one kilometre. The metric units (pkm and tkm) are used internationally. (In aviation where United States customary units are widely used,
80-554: Is a railroad run by a private business entity (usually a corporation but not need be), as opposed to a railroad run by a public sector . In Japan , private sector railway ( 私鉄 or 民鉄 , Shitetsu or Mintetsu ) , commonly simply private railway , refers to a public transit railway owned and operated by private sector, almost always organized as a joint-stock company , or in Japanese: kabushiki gaisha (lit. stock company), but may be any type of private business entity. Although
100-479: Is commonly measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), rather than cargo weight, e.g. a TEU-km would be the equivalent of one twenty-foot container transported one kilometer. Transportation density can be defined as the payload per period, say passenger / day or tonne / day. This can be used as the measure of intensity of the transportation on a particular section or point of transportation infrastructure, say road or railway. This can be used in comparison with
120-650: The International Air Transport Association (IATA) releases its statistics in the metric units.) In the US, sometimes United States customary units are used. The dimension of the measure is the product of the payload mass and the distance transported. A semi truck traveling from Los Angeles to Chicago (approximate distance 2,015 miles) carrying 14 short tons of cargo delivers a service of 14 * 2,015 = 28,210 ton-miles of freight (equal to about 41,187 tkm). Intermodal container traffic
140-694: The Japan Private Railway Association [ ja ] categorizes 16 companies as "major" operators. They are often profitable and tend to be less expensive per passenger-kilometer than JR trains that also run less dense regional routes. Private railways corporations in Japan also run and generate profits from a variety of other businesses that depend on the traffic generated through their transit systems: hotels, department stores, supermarkets, resorts, and real estate development and leasing. Japanese railways, whether government run, semi-public, or private business, are subject to
160-667: The Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies are also kabushiki gaishas, they are not classified as private railways because of their unique status as the primary successors of the Japanese National Railways (JNR). Voluntary sector railways (semi-public) are additionally not classified as shitetsu due to their origins as rural, money-losing JNR lines that have since been transferred to local possession, in spite of their organizational structures being corporatized. Among private railways in Japan,
180-618: The Japanese Government and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (pending privatization). The Japan Private Railway Association counts Tokyo Metro as one of the 16 major private railways. In the United States , a private railroad is a railroad owned by a company and serves only that company, and does not hold itself out as a "common carrier" (i.e., it does not provide rail transport services for
200-658: The Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line and beyond to the East Japan Railway Company Joban Line . Destinations are from Shinjuku unless noted. English abbreviations are tentative for this article. Notes: Legend: The Odawara Express Railway Co. opened the entire line on 1 April 1927 in order to allow for the Emperor's family to travel on the line, though as duplication works were not completed until October that year, there
220-532: The Eidan Subway (now Tokyo Metro ) Chiyoda Line commenced in 1978 via Yoyogi-Uehara . Increasing traffic volume since the 1970s led to plans being formed in 1985 for a track upgrading project on the Odawara Line, though land acquisition issues stalled major track expansion work until construction began in 2013; the project is being carried out between Yoyogi-Uehara and Mukōgaoka-Yūen , quadrupling
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#1732787315989240-824: The Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence. All other things being equal, as VMT increases, so will traffic crashes. The relationship may not be simple, however; after a point, increasing congestion leads to reduced speeds, hanging the proportion of crashes that occur at different severity levels. Energy efficiency in transport can be measured in L/100 ;km or miles per gallon (mpg). This can be normalized per vehicle, as in fuel economy in automobiles , or per seat, as for example in fuel economy in aircraft . MacNeal 1994 discusses
260-495: The Odawara Line trackage and stacking the tracks underground, allowing for increased express services. Originally a viaduct was planned but this was changed to underground tracks, and work on the tunnel between Setagaya-Daita and Higashi-Kitazawa was completed in 2018. This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Misplaced Pages Private railway A private railway
280-522: The United States, the unit is used as an aggregate in yearly federal publications, while its usage is more sporadic in other countries. For instance, it appears to compare different kind of roads in some publications as it had been computed on a five-year period between 1995 and 2000. In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled. According to
300-407: The construction, running costs of the infrastructure. Fatalities by VMT ( vehicle miles traveled ) is a unit for assessing road traffic fatalities. This metric is computed by dividing the fatalities by the estimated VMT. Usually, transport risk is computed by reference to the distance traveled by people, while for road traffic risk, only vehicle traveled distance is usually taken into account. In
320-411: The general public). Passenger-kilometer The units of measurement in transportation describes the unit of measurement used to express various transportation quantities , as used in statistics, planning, and their related applications. The currently popular units are: Passenger-distance is the distance (km or miles) travelled by passengers on transit vehicles ; determined by multiplying
340-414: The number of unlinked passenger trips by the average length of their trips. Passengers per hour per direction (pphpd) measures the maximum route capacity of a transport system. A system may carry a high number of passengers per distance (km or mile) but a relatively low number of passengers per bus hour if vehicles operate in congested areas and thus travel at slower speed. A transit system serving
360-808: The regulations enforced by the Railway Bureau [ ja ] of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism . They may join unions such as National Railway Workers' Union and General Federation of Private Railway and Bus Workers' Unions of Japan , but their abilities to call a strike is severely limited by government legislation; there is very little tolerance for railway work stoppage. Employees of private railways may legally strike but its unheard of in Japan. There have only been two notable railroad strikes in Japanese history, both by employees of government run entities (government employees are legally barred from striking): One in 1973, and
380-540: Was commissioned (the Hakone Tozan Line is 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ), the Odawara Line 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in )). A connecting track was laid in 1955 to Matsuda Station on the Gotemba Line of the (then) Japanese National Railways , and limited express service through to the line started. To function as a bypass to central Tokyo, through service on
400-615: Was initial timetable and signalling issues. Although primarily intended as a passenger line, gravel began to be hauled in 1930. In 1942, the company was forcibly merged by the government with Tokyu Corporation and the line was named the Tokyu Odawara Line. Tokyu was broken up in 1948 and the line was transferred to the newly founded Odakyu Electric Railway Co. Through operation to the Hakone Tozan Railway 's Hakone Tozan Line began in 1950 once dual gauge track
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