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50-579: Pōkeno is a small town in the Waikato District of the Waikato region in New Zealand, 53 km (33 mi) southeast of Auckland , 9 km (5.6 mi) from Tuakau and 5 km (3.1 mi) from Mercer . State Highway 1 originally ran through the town, but the upgrading of the highway in 1992 to expressway standards mean that the town has been bypassed. The town is named for

100-558: A 1927 fire, until the Board again merged with the County. From 1876 to 1888, Raglan County Council meetings were held in Raglan. However, Raglan wasn't central for the county, so meetings then alternated between Raglan and Whatawhata. On 15 May 1901, Raglan County held its first meeting in its new chambers at Ngāruawāhia, though continuing with at least an annual meeting in Raglan. In 1908,

150-512: A hundred years from their formation in 1876. They had been preceded by Highways Boards, formed from 1866. Before that, there had been many complaints about Auckland Province spending a disproportionate amount in Auckland. For example, in 1867 27 Raglan settlers petitioned the House of Representatives asking it to replace provinces with local government and saying that, out of a £500,000 loan to

200-491: A loom factory, when it burnt down on 18 November 1971. Waikato District has 5 community boards covering Huntly , Ngāruawāhia and Raglan (formed 1989), Taupiri (added 1992) and Onewhero- Tuakau (added in 2010 covering part of the former Franklin District). The District also has 5 Community Committees for the townships of Meremere, Te Kauwhata (they had Community Boards from 1992 to 1995), and Tamahere ward, along with

250-439: A population density of 21 people per km. Before the 2023 census, Pōkeno Rural had a larger boundary, covering 88.63 km (34.22 sq mi). Using that boundary, Pōkeno Rural had a population of 1,668 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 291 people (21.1%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 405 people (32.1%) since the 2006 census . There were 564 households, comprising 834 males and 831 females, giving

300-437: A population density of 741 people per km. Before the 2023 census, Pōkeno had a smaller boundary, covering 6.44 km (2.49 sq mi). Using that boundary, Pōkeno had a population of 2,517 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 1,917 people (319.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 1,947 people (341.6%) since the 2006 census . There were 792 households, comprising 1,278 males and 1,239 females, giving

350-661: A rate. From 1889 to 1902 the Highways Boards were gradually merged into the County. Until 1943, each riding paid for its own roads and bridges, supplemented by council funds. The northern portion of Raglan County was added to Franklin District in 1989 when the rest joined WDC. Raglan had also had a Town Board from 1883 to 1889 and from 1906 to 1938. Raglan Town Board had its offices in the Municipal Buildings in Raglan from their rebuilding in 1928, after

400-454: A sex ratio of 1.0 males per female. The median age was 41.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 342 people (20.5%) aged under 15 years, 261 (15.6%) aged 15 to 29, 846 (50.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 216 (12.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 86.3% European/ Pākehā , 14.7% Māori , 4.0% Pacific peoples , 5.6% Asian , and 2.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas

450-457: A sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 33.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 588 people (23.4%) aged under 15 years, 459 (18.2%) aged 15 to 29, 1,263 (50.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 207 (8.2%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 68.7% European/ Pākehā , 15.6% Māori , 4.3% Pacific peoples , 20.9% Asian , and 3.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas

500-429: Is an increase of 153,978 people (21.8%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 389,868 people (82.7%) since the 2013 census . Some of the increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was due to Statistics New Zealand starting to add ethnicity data from other sources (previous censuses, administrative data, and imputation) to the census data to reduce the number of non-responses. The median age of Asian New Zealanders

550-652: Is at the centre of a major wine region. At the 2006 census, the district had a population of 43,959. Of these, 6834 lived in Huntly, 5106 in Ngāruawāhia, 2637 in Raglan, and 1294 in Te Kauwhata. In 2010, the district acquired part of the adjacent Franklin District , which was dissolved as part of the creation of the Auckland Council , increasing the area to 4,405 km (1,701 sq mi). and adding

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600-455: Is that participants living in rural areas are significantly more likely to experience racism than participants living in urban areas. However, there are numerous reports of "racial outbursts" and "microaggressions" reported by several New Zealand news outlets. In response to the rise in racism against Asians, the New Zealand government has commissioned reports to combat racism. According to The New Zealand Herald , "Labour MP Raymond Huo said

650-736: The 2013 census . There were 43,305 males, 42,426 females and 234 people of other genders in 28,401 dwellings. 2.4% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 38.0 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 18,675 people (21.7%) aged under 15 years, 14,931 (17.4%) aged 15 to 29, 40,224 (46.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 12,138 (14.1%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 73.6% European ( Pākehā ); 26.9% Māori ; 5.5% Pasifika ; 9.1% Asian ; 1.1% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.6% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

700-505: The 2023 census , 861,573 New Zealanders identifying as being part of the Asian ethnic group, making up 17.3% of New Zealand's population. The first Asians in New Zealand were Chinese workers who migrated to New Zealand to work in the gold mines in the 1860s. The modern period of Asian immigration began in the 1970s when New Zealand relaxed its restrictive policies to attract migrants from Asia. Under Statistics New Zealand classification,

750-569: The Auckland Waste Land Act 1858 . After the sale it was reported "Thirty one lots in the village of Havelock, which has recently been laid out on the banks of the Waikato river, were in much request, the lots averaged from half an acre to an acre and 38 perches, and the whole fetched £339." Havelock and nearby Bluff Stockade were shown on an 1864 map. The planned roads and subdivisions are still shown on modern cadastral maps, though

800-548: The Hakarimata Range . The north of the district contains swampy floodplain of the Waikato River and several small lakes, of which the largest is Lake Waikare . Other than Ngāruawāhia, the main population centres are Huntly , Raglan , and Te Kauwhata . The main industries in the district are dairy farming , forestry , and coal mining . There is a major coal-fired power station at Huntly . Te Kauwhata

850-610: The Invasion of the Waikato , housing 450 soldiers. The Māori village of Pokino to the north of Queen's Redoubt was deserted in July 1863 just prior to the start of the invasion (officially the village was listed as abandoned, though likely it had been ransacked by unauthorised soldiers). Queen's Redoubt was abandoned for military use in March 1867, with the buildings of the redoubt sold off by auction soon after. The Pokeno Railway Station on

900-552: The Ngāti Tamaoho settlement in the area called Pokino , located to the northwest of the current town centre. A military installation, Pokino Camp, was set up in the area in December 1861 after Governor George Edward Grey called for a road to be completed from Drury to the Waikato River , Great South Road . In mid-1862, work began on Queen's Redoubt , a military base which would become General Cameron 's base of operations for

950-677: The 2006 census. Of those born in New Zealand, 64.6% were under the age of 15. The majority of Asian New Zealanders live in the Auckland Region . As of the 2023 census, 60.1% (518,178) of Asian New Zealanders lived in the Auckland region, 25.3% (218,586) lived in the North Island outside the Auckland region, and 14.5% (124,800) lived in the South Island. Two of Auckland's local boards have a majority Asian population: Howick (52.4%) and Puketāpapa (50.4%). Hamilton City had

1000-612: The 7 seats. As the population grew, the original 5 ridings were split - Karamu from Pirongia (28 November 1889), Whaingaroa from Karioi 1902, Pukekawa from Onewhero and Port Waikato from Te Akau 1911, Pukemiro from Whangape 1913 and Waingaro from Te Akau 1920. In 1923, Raglan County covered 934 sq mi (2,420 km ) and had a population of 4,912, with 162 mi (261 km) of gravel roads , 465 mi (748 km) of mud roads and 234 mi (377 km) of tracks. Some areas were transferred to neighbouring councils. The far south of Raglan went to Kawhia County when it

1050-653: The Counties Act, 1876, in a NZ Gazette Supplement of Thursday, December 28, 1876, the Governor General set the first county council meetings at noon, Raglan County's being in The Resident Magistrate's Court, Raglan on Tuesday, 9 January 1877. Raglan County was divided into five ridings (based on the distance a horse could travel in a day): Karioi, Pirongia , with 2 councillors each, and Te Akau, Onewhero and Whangape, with one. Only 3 of

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1100-636: The New Zealand population (2013). The political party New Zealand First has frequently criticised immigration on economic, social and cultural grounds. New Zealand First leader Winston Peters has on several occasions characterised the rate of Asian immigration into New Zealand as too high; in 2004, he stated: "We are being dragged into the status of an Asian colony and it is time that New Zealanders were placed first in their own country." On 26 April 2005, he said: " Māori will be disturbed to know that in 17 years' time they will be outnumbered by Asians in New Zealand", an estimate disputed by Statistics New Zealand,

1150-706: The North East Waikato Committee, covering Mangatawhiri, Mangatangi and Maramarua. An extensive community master planning exercise was completed in 2019 resulting in the adoption by the Council of Community "BluePrints" to capture community aspirations and guide future development. Asian New Zealanders Asian New Zealanders are New Zealanders of Asian ancestry (including naturalised New Zealanders who are immigrants from specific regions in Asia and descendants of such immigrants). At

1200-610: The Ridings were represented at the first meeting; W. H. Wallis (elected chairman) and John Pegler, Karioi Riding; James Sherrett, Pirongia; and Richard Robert Hunt, Onewhero. At the next meeting in Whatawhata there was only one other councillor present, from Pirongia. Many of the areas had not had Highway Boards and were sparsely populated (874 people in 175 houses across the whole county), so voters had problems getting together to nominate councillors. By 1887 there were 8 nominations for

1250-503: The Waikato section of the North Island Main Trunk line was opened in 1875, but was closed in 1973 to passengers and in 1980 to goods. Work on the proposed Paeroa–Pokeno Line commenced in 1938 and whilst approximately 13 km of earthworks were completed at each end, the proposal was halted due to World War 2 and was not resumed following the war and was abandoned. In 1859 over 60 sections were put up for sale under

1300-472: The area in the 19th century: Pokeno Hill School in 1866, a school at Pokeno Redoubt in 1870, and Pokeno Valley School in 1878. The first two schools closed in 1888–89. In 1961, the Pokeno Valley School was replaced by the current school. Waikato District The district is centred to the north and west of the city of Hamilton , and takes in much of the northern Waikato Plains and also

1350-424: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 10,914 (16.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 36,840 (54.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 16,293 (24.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 45,300, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 9,165 people (13.6%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1400-406: The coronavirus had become the number one issue among the local Chinese community both for efforts to ensure safety of family members and for the incidents of racial abuse it was bringing." In response to the 2021 Atlanta spa shootings , hundreds of people marched in Auckland protesting against Asian hate and racism on 27 March 2021. During the rally, Labour MP Naisi Chen said "Racism has been part of

1450-577: The council agreed to sell the old office for £227 10s. and build larger offices on the Raglan side of the Waipā Bridge. W. J. Smith of Raglan built them for £625. The new office opened in 1909. On 27 May 1961, a new £40,000, 16-room, brick building, on the Great South Road, was officially opened by the Minister of Works, Stanley Goosman . The old office was sold in 1961 and was being used as

1500-833: The detriment of integration and that will lead to division, friction and resentment." Asians, specifically Chinese New Zealanders and others of East Asian origin, reported several instances of discrimination during and after the COVID-19 pandemic . In a study of 1,452 participants who identified as from Asian descent published in the New Zealand Medical Journal, 40.3% reported experiences with racism. The most common forms of racism were microaggressions and verbal attacks occurring predominantly in public places, social media, mainstream media and schools. A significant number of participants, nearly 50%, of high school and tertiary students "reported experiencing racism during

1550-487: The government's statistics bureau. Peters quickly responded that Statistics New Zealand had underestimated the growth-rate of the Asian community in the past. Peters' statement was proven narrowly incorrect in time; at the 2023 census, 18 years later, Asians made up 17.3% of the population while Māori made up 17.8% of the population. In April 2008, deputy New Zealand First party leader Peter Brown drew widespread attention after voicing similar views and expressing concern at

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1600-416: The growing settlements of Tuakau and Pōkeno. Waikato District covers 4,404.07 km (1,700.42 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 92,500 as of June 2024, with a population density of 21.0 people per km . Waikato District had a population of 85,968 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 10,350 people (13.7%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 22,590 people (35.6%) since

1650-468: The highest concentration of Asian New Zealanders outside Auckland at 22.8%. Great Barrier Island and the Wairoa district had the lowest concentrations of Asian New Zealanders, both at 1.7%. Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Korean are the most commonly nominated Asian ancestries in New Zealand. Chinese New Zealanders were 4 percent of the New Zealand population (2013) and Indian New Zealanders were 3 percent of

1700-437: The increase in New Zealand's ethnic Asian population: "We are going to flood this country with Asian people with no idea what we are going to do with them when they come here." "The matter is serious. If we continue this open door policy there is real danger we will be inundated with people who have no intention of integrating into our society. The greater the number, the greater the risk. They will form their own mini-societies to

1750-428: The pandemic." In Rolleston , Canterbury , an email was sent to a Chinese-origin student's parent, which reportedly said, "our Kiwi kids don't want to be in the same class with your disgusting virus spreaders." Canterbury has a very small population of Asians. One significant finding from the same study, "Asian New Zealanders' experiences of racism during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with life satisfaction,"

1800-549: The plans for the township to become the capital of the Waikato came to nothing when the Great South Road was diverted to the east. In 2019 permission was sought to revive the subdivision in TaTa Valley, with 1,025 houses, a conference hotel, farm park and a ferry to Mercer. At the end of Bluff Road, where the original Great South Road reached the Waikato River, a 15 m (49 ft) x 14 m (46 ft) stockade

1850-419: The province, only £500 was spent in all the country districts. Auckland Province passed a Highways Act in 1862 allowing their Superintendent to define given areas of settlement as Highways Districts, each with a board of trustees elected by the landowners. Land within the boundaries of highway districts became subject to a rate of not more than 1/- an acre, or of 3d in the £ of its estimated sale value, and that

1900-584: The term Asian in New Zealand, as differentiated from the Statistics New Zealand definition, primarily refers to those of Chinese ethnicity or other people of East Asian ancestry, and excludes people who trace their ancestry to the Indian subcontinent (i.e. South Asian ethnic groups ). There were 861,576 people identifying as being part of the Asian ethnic group at the 2023 New Zealand census , making up 17.3% of New Zealand's population. This

1950-491: The term refers to a pan-ethnic group that includes diverse populations who have ancestral origins in East Asia (e.g. Chinese , Korean , Japanese ), Southeast Asia (e.g. Filipino , Vietnamese , Malaysian ), and South Asia (e.g. Nepalese , Indian (incl. Indo-Fijians ), Sri Lankan , Bangladeshi , Pakistani ). New Zealanders of West Asian and Central Asian ancestry are excluded from this term. Colloquial usage of

2000-416: Was $ 43,100, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 348 people (26.2%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 798 (60.2%) people were employed full-time, 183 (13.8%) were part-time, and 33 (2.5%) were unemployed. Pokeno School is a co-educational state full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of 606 as of August 2024. Three schools were established in

2050-438: Was $ 46,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 528 people (27.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,206 (62.5%) people were employed full-time, 231 (12.0%) were part-time, and 60 (3.1%) were unemployed. Pōkeno Rural statistical area, which includes Mercer , covers 85.79 km (33.12 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,810 as of June 2024, with

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2100-467: Was 18.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.4% had no religion, 32.6% were Christian , 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 210 (15.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 249 (18.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income

2150-427: Was 33.8 years, compared to 38.1 years for all New Zealanders; 178,302 people (20.7%) were aged under 15 years, 177,582 (20.6%) were 15 to 29, 438,675 (50.9%) were 30 to 64, and 67,023 (7.8%) were 65 or older. At the 2018 census, there were 348,948 males and 358,650 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.973 males per female. 23.0% of the Asian ethnic group was born in New Zealand, up from 22.7% at the 2013 census and 20.0% at

2200-467: Was 34.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.8% had no religion, 34.4% were Christian , 1.8% had Māori religious beliefs , 6.1% were Hindu , 1.1% were Muslim , 1.2% were Buddhist and 3.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 471 (24.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 273 (14.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income

2250-583: Was built in 1862 on an older pā , which probably had five terraces below the stockade. It secured the Te Ia landing place, which was used for supplies throughout the subsequent war. The site is now covered by trees. Pōkeno was originally governed by the Pokeno Road District Board before amalgamating with Franklin County in 1916. Pōkeno covers 9.26 km (3.58 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 6,860 as of June 2024, with

2300-590: Was elected chairman, but he and 3 other trustees resigned after they couldn't collect rates from absent owners and the Province didn't pay anything. Raglan Town Board was formed in 1868, Karioi Board in 1870 by division of Whaingaroa Highway District and by 1871 eleven board chairmen met in Ohaupo to ask for more government help. From 1872 government assistance more than matched rates collected; today government funding through NZTA mainly matches rates funding. Under

2350-632: Was formed, but in 1952, the Local Government Commission put Makomako back in Raglan. On 1 October 1944, a coal-bearing area of Huntly West went to Huntly Borough. Other minor alterations were gazetted at intervals over the years. In 1954, a Raglan Town Committee was formed. Under the Local Government Act 1974 , Raglan and Rotowaro became community towns, governed by elected councils. The county relied on government grants until 1887, when government cuts forced it to set

2400-557: Was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 7.5%, Samoan by 0.5% and other languages by 10.5%. No language could be spoken by 2.2% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 18.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 29.3% Christian , 1.8% Hindu , 0.6% Islam , 1.7% Māori religious beliefs , 0.5% Buddhist , 0.4% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 2.2% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 56.3%, and 7.4% of people did not answer

2450-549: Was that 36,426 (54.1%) people were employed full-time, 9,432 (14.0%) were part-time, and 1,827 (2.7%) were unemployed. Under the Local Government (Waikato Region) Reorganisation Order 1989, nearly all of Waikato County Council was added to the Boroughs of Huntly, Ngāruawāhia, most of Raglan County Council and a small part of Waipa County Council to form Waikato District Council. The County Councils had lasted over

2500-558: Was to be equalled by a grant from the Province. By a notice in the Provincial Government Gazette on 25 August 1866, the deputy Superintendent, Daniel Pollen, declared Whaingaroa Highway District, the first in the future Raglan County. A public meeting in the Raglan courthouse on 20 October 1866 was followed by a meeting a week later to elect 5 trustees. The largest landowner in the district, Captain Johnstone,

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