33-466: Penal–Debe region is a region of Trinidad . The local government body is Penal–Debe Regional Corporation, a Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago . The region has a land area of 246.91 km². Urban areas within Penal–Debe include Penal , where the corporation is headquartered, and Debe . The region is noted as a heartland of Indo-Trinidadian culture with Indians making up the vast majority of
66-491: A " Dougla " is a person of African and East Indian descent who may identify as being part of either group. There are multiple festivals on Trinidad, featuring the music of the Caribbean and the steelpan (which originated on Trinidad and is the country's national instrument); These festivals include the multi-national, pre-Lenten Carnivál , J'ouvert , and Panorama , the national steelpan competition. In addition to
99-530: A sailor to climb up to the main top and sighted a cluster of three peaks, therefore Columbus named the island Trinidad from the three peaks and Columbus's special devotion to the Trinity. Caribs and Arawaks lived in Trinidad long before Christopher Columbus encountered the islands on his third voyage on 31 July 1498. The island remained Spanish until 1797, but it was settled mostly by French colonists from
132-547: Is a subsidence basin formed between the Caribbean and South American plates , and is bounded on the north by the coast ranges of Venezuela and the Northern Range of Trinidad, and bounded on the south by the Guayana Shield . This Guayana shield supplied fine-grained clastic sediments , which with the subsidence, formed a regional negative gravity anomaly and growth faults . Oil and gas discoveries from
165-560: Is considered Afro-Tobagonian, which is synonymous with Afro-Trinidadian, with the exception that the people of Tobago are almost exclusively of direct African ancestry. In an effort to bridge the cultural and ethnic split between the two islands many people choose to be called Trinbagonians as a gesture of unification. The ultimate origin of most African ancestry in the Americas is in West and Central Africa . The most common ethnic groups of
198-464: Is diversified, based to a large extent on oil and natural gas . It is one of the leading gas-based export centers in the world, being one of the top five exporters of liquefied natural gas and the largest onshore natural gas well was recently discovered in southern Trinidad. This has allowed Trinidad to capitalize on the biggest mineral reserves within its territories. It is an oil-rich country and stable economically. The Venezuela Tertiary Basin
231-593: Is known as Indian Arrival Day . A small portion of the group of Indians also began to racially mix into the Trinidadian populace, their descendants became known as the Dougla people . After the use of indentured servants was abolished 1917, a second group of Indians steadily migrated to Trinidad from India, mostly for business. Between 1968 and 1970, the " Black Power Revolution " gained strength in Trinidad and Tobago. The National Joint Action Committee (NJAC)
264-464: Is located in the Northern Range on the island, northeast of the town of Arima . As of the 2011 Trinidad and Tobago Census, the population was 35.43% Indian , 34.22% African , 7.66% mixed African and East Indian, and 15.16% mixed race . Venezuela has also had a great impact on Trinidad's culture, such as introducing the music style parang to the island. Many groups overlap. For example,
297-690: Is marked by a fault extending from the El Pilar Fault System in Venezuela. South of this fault is the Northern Basin, or Caroni Syncline , consisting of Tertiary sedimentary rocks unconformably overlying Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. South of this basin is the Central Range, consisting of Upper Tertiary sedimentary rocks lying unconformably atop Lower Eocene and Paleocene rocks. South of this range
330-457: Is of West African descent. Mulatto - Creole , Dougla , Blasian , Zambo , Maroon , Pardo , Quadroon , Octoroon or Hexadecaroon (Quintroon) were all racial terms used to measure the amount of West African ancestry someone possessed in Trinidad and Tobago and throughout North American, Latin American and Caribbean history. Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians accounted for 34.22 percent of
363-587: Is the Naparima Plain , a thrust belt of Oligocene and Lower Tertiary beds. Hydrocarbon bearing anticlines include those associated with Pitch Lake , Forest Reserve, Point Fortin, Penal, Barrackpore, and Balata Fields. The Los Bajos Fault is a wrench fault , with Lower Pliocene displacement of 6.51 miles, bordered on the north by the Siparia syncline, and on the south by the Erin syncline. Finally,
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#1732798157818396-795: Is the southernmost island in the West Indies . With an area of 4,768 km (1,841 sq mi), it is also the fifth largest in the West Indies . The original name for the island in the Arawaks' language was Iëre which meant "Land of the Hummingbird". Christopher Columbus renamed it La Isla de la Trinidad ('The Island of the Trinity '), fulfilling a vow he had made before setting out on his third voyage. This has since been shortened to Trinidad . Indo-Trinidadians called
429-770: The Atlantic slave trade . By the time the African, Mulattoes and Mestizos started intermixing, the Amerindians had become almost nonexistent. In 1783, the King of Spain passed the Cedula of Population law, which promised free land to Europeans willing to relocate to Trinidad to work. With this law French settlers migrated to Trinidad from the French Antilles to work the sugar cane plantations . They, too, added to
462-622: The Chinese Revolution . In the 1840s, European indentured servants began arriving, including the French , Spanish , Germans , Swiss , Portuguese , English , Scottish , Welsh , Cornish , Irish , Corsican , Italians , Dutch , Norwegian and Polish . Over time, many of these settlers married into the families of the freed slaves. On 30 May 1845, the British transported indentured servants from India to Trinidad. This day
495-770: The French Caribbean , especially Martinique . In 1889 the two islands became a single British crown colony . Trinidad and Tobago was granted self-governance in 1958 and independence from the United Kingdom in August 1962, and it became a republic in September 1976. Major landforms include the hills of the Northern , Central and Southern Ranges (Dinah ranges), the Caroni , Nariva and Oropouche Swamps, and
528-532: The Pliocene Moruga Group include Teak (1968), Samaan (1971), Poui (1972) and Galeota. These fields are mainly faulted anticline traps producing from depths of 1.2 to 4.2 km (0.75 to 2.61 mi) subsea, with Teak possessing a hydrocarbon column almost 1 km (0.62 mi) thick. The Northern Range is an Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous range of metamorphic rocks striking east and dipping south. The range's southern boundary
561-887: The Southern Range consists of anticlinal folds, including the Rock Dome-Herrera anticline and the Moruga-West Field. East of this Rock Dome are en echelon folds containing the Lizard Springs Field. South of these folds is another fold trend containing the Moruga-East, Guayaguayare, Beach, and Galeota Fields. South of the Morne Diablo-Quinam Erin Field westward is a strongly folded anticline associated with shale diapirism , which extends west southwestward to
594-618: The Temple in the Sea . The island of Trinidad has a rich biodiversity. The fauna is overwhelmingly of South American origin. There are about 100 species of mammals including the Guyanese red howler monkey, the collared peccary , the red brocket deer , the ocelot and about 70 species of bats . There are over 400 species of birds including the endemic Trinidad piping-guan . Reptiles are well represented, with about 92 recorded species including
627-677: The British in the War of 1812 or from indentured labourers from West Africa. In 1498 Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Trinidad, where he encountered the indigenous Taíno people. A while after Columbus's landing, Trinidad became a territory of the Spanish Empire . The Spanish enslaved the native population and over time mixed with them, their offspring creating the Mestizo identity. The Mulattos came about after Spain started transporting enslaved Africans to Trinidad in 1517 via
660-516: The Caroni and Naparima Plains. Major river systems include the Caroni , North and South Oropouche and Ortoire Rivers . There are many other natural landforms such as beaches and waterfalls. Trinidad has two seasons per the calendar year: the rainy season and the dry season. El Cerro del Aripo , at 940 metres (3,084 ft), is the highest point in Trinidad. It is part of the Aripo Massif and
693-866: The Pedernales Field in southeast Venezuela. The northeast portion of the Southern Range separates into a northern trend containing the Lizard Springs, Navette, and Mayaro Fields, while the southern trend contains the Beach Field. Trinidad is considered one of the best places in the world to catch Atlantic tarpon . Afro-Trinidadian Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians (or just Afro-Trinbagonians ) are people from Trinidad and Tobago who are of Sub-Saharan African descent, mostly from West Africa . Social interpretations of race in Trinidad and Tobago are often used to dictate who
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#1732798157818726-416: The ancestry of Trinidadians, creating the creole identity; Spanish , French and Patois were the languages spoken. In 1802, Great Britain took over the island and slavery was eventually abolished in 1834. The abolition of slavery led to an influx of indentured servants from places such as China. While some left, many stayed and married into the Trinidadian populace. In 1911, many more Chinese came after
759-528: The army barracks at Teteron. Through the action of the Coast Guard and negotiations between the Government and the rebels, the mutiny was contained and the mutineers surrendered on 25 April. It was around this time the term Afro-Trinidadian was started to be used. The massive influx of enslaved Africans to Trinidad and Tobago shores that happened in 19th century respectively was important in shaping
792-548: The cultural space of Trinidad and Tobago. Afro-Trinidadian culture is immanent within and encapsulates all other cultures. Afro-Trinidadian culture is decisive in steelpan culture , Carnival culture , soca culture , and calypso culture and also helped in many ways to shape. Most Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonians are Christian , with the largest group being Roman Catholics , Anglicans and (in Tobago ) Methodists . Smaller numbers follow Afro-Caribbean syncretic faiths like
825-610: The enslaved Africans in Trinidad and Tobago were Igbo , Kongo , Ibibio , Yoruba and Malinke people . All of these groups, among others, were heavily affected by the Atlantic slave trade . The population census of 1813 shows that among African-born slaves the Igbo were the most numerous. Around half of Afro-Trinidadians were the descendants of emigrants from other islands of the Caribbean, especially Martinique , Guadeloupe , Saint Vincent and Grenada . Other Afro-Trinidadians trace their ancestry to American slaves recruited to fight for
858-488: The island चीनीदत्त ( Devanagari script ) , 𑂒𑂲𑂢𑂲𑂠𑂞𑂹𑂞 ( Kaithi script ) , چینی دت ( Perso-Arabic script ) , Chinidat or Chinidad in Trinidadian Hindustani which translated to the land of sugar. The usage of the term goes back to the 19th century when recruiters from India would call the island Chinidat as a way of luring workers into indentureship. On Tuesday, 31 July, 1498 Columbus sent
891-471: The largest species of snake in the world, the green anaconda , the spectacled caiman , and one of the largest lizards in the Americas, the green iguana . Trinidad is also the largest leatherback turtle nesting site in the western hemisphere; they nest on Trinidad's eastern and northern beaches. There are 37 recorded frog species, including the tiny El Tucuche golden tree frog , Trinidad poison frog , and
924-419: The more widespread huge cane toad . About 43 species of freshwater fish are known from Trinidad, including the well known guppy . It is estimated that there are at least 80,000 arthropods, and at least 600 species of butterflies . The William Beebe Tropical Research Station (founded by William Beebe ), also known as Simla, lies 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Arima . The economy of Trinidad and Tobago
957-414: The population of Trinidad and Tobago according to the 2011 Census. An additional 22.8 percent of Trinidadians described themselves as being multiracial , of whom 7.7 percent were Dougla (mixed African and Indian ethnicity). The islands of Trinidad and Tobago (united in 1888) have a different racial history. The island of Trinidad is mainly multiracial while the population of Tobago is primarily what
990-438: The region at 71% and the largest religion in the region being Hinduism at 43%. This Trinidad and Tobago location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago . The island lies 11 km (6.8 mi) off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It
1023-488: The resignation of A. N. R. Robinson , Member of Parliament for Tobago East. On 18 April, sugar workers went on strike and there was talk of a general strike. In response to this, Williams proclaimed a State of Emergency on 21 April and arrested 15 Black Power leaders. Responding in turn, a portion of the Trinidad Defence Force , led by Raffique Shah and Rex Lassalle , mutinied and took hostages at
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1056-565: The traditional Christian holidays and official public days (such as Boxing Day , Christmas , Easter Sunday, Easter Monday , Emancipation Day , Good Friday , Independence Day , Labour Day , New Year's Day , and Republic Day ) in Trinidad, the island nation also celebrates a significant percentage of its population's Indian ancestry (of both Hindu and Muslim backgrounds), with officially-recognised holidays such as Divali , Eid al-Fitr and Indian Arrival Day . Sites of cultural or religious significance include Mount Saint Benedict and
1089-530: Was formed by a group of undergraduates at the St. Augustine Campus of the University of the West Indies . Influenced by people such as Fidel Castro , Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X . The National Joint Action Committee demonstrated to bring about Black Power and a return to African heritage and African culture. On 6 April 1970, protester Basil Davis, was killed by the police. This was followed on 13 April by
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