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40-556: The winning team received the Prince Takamatsu trophy. The Nishinippon Shimbun sponsors the event. The organisers announced that the 2013 and 62nd edition of the race would be its last, owing to the difficulty and cost of assuring athletes' safety over such a long course and time period. Increased traffic in the race's later years was a specific factor in its decision to fold the race. This article related to sports in Japan

80-504: A governing council of daimyōs , were opposed to Yoshinobu's leading it. They secretly obtained an imperial edict calling for the use of force against Yoshinobu (later shown to be a forgery ) and moved a massive number of Satsuma and Chōshū troops into Kyoto. There was a meeting called at the imperial court, where Yoshinobu was stripped of all titles and land, despite having taken no action that could be construed as aggressive or criminal. Any who would have opposed this were not included in

120-533: A life in quiet retirement, Yoshinobu indulged in many hobbies, including oil painting, kyudo (archery), hunting, photography, and cycling. Some of Yoshinobu's photographs have been published in recent years by his great-grandson, Yoshitomo . His other great-grandson, Yasuhisa Tokugawa of the Mito line, is the former Chief Priest at Yasukuni Shrine and current Kaicho of the Kokusai Budoin (IMAF). In 1902,

160-526: A new national governing council composed of various daimyōs . To this end, Yamanouchi Toyonori, the lord of Tosa, together with his advisor, Gotō Shōjirō , petitioned Yoshinobu to resign in order to make this possible. On November 9, 1867, Yoshinobu tendered his resignation to the Emperor and formally stepped down ten days later, returning governing power to the Emperor. He then withdrew from Kyoto to Osaka . However, Satsuma and Chōshū, while supportive of

200-491: A second cousin to both Emperor Hirohito and Empress Kōjun and nephew of Prince Kan'in Kotohito . On 26 December 1911, his granddaughter Kikuko Tokugawa was born. She married Prince Takamatsu , the brother of Emperor Hirohito, to become Princess Takamatsu. The years in which Yoshinobu was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō . His grandson Tokugawa Hiromi graduated as part of

240-484: A solid education in the principles of politics and government at Kōdōkan . At the instigation of his father, Shichirōmaro was adopted by the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family in order to have a better chance of succeeding to the shogunate and changed his first name to Akimune (昭致). He became family head in 1847, coming of age that year, receiving court rank and title, and taking the name Yoshinobu. Upon

280-596: A world tour to Europe and then across the United States so as to strengthen the goodwill and understanding between Japan and those nations. Prince Iesato Tokugawa was the uncle of Prince and Princess Takamatsu. Prince Tokugawa allied with Prince and Princess Takamatsu on many international goodwill projects. Prince and Princess Takamatsu had no children. From the 1930s, Prince Takamatsu expressed grave reservations regarding Japanese aggression in Manchuria and

320-457: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This athletics and track and field article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Prince Takamatsu Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu ( 高松宮宣仁親王 , Takamatsu-no-miya Nobuhito Shinnō , 3 January 1905 – 3 February 1987) was the third son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako) and a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). He became heir to

360-636: Is called the Kinmon Incident . This was achieved by use of the forces of the Aizu – Satsuma coalition. After the death of Tokugawa Iemochi in 1866, Yoshinobu was chosen to succeed him, and became the 15th shōgun . He was the only Tokugawa shōgun to spend his entire tenure outside of Edo: he never set foot in Edo Castle as shōgun . Immediately upon Yoshinobu's ascension as shōgun , major changes were initiated. A massive government overhaul

400-478: Is highlighted in the illustrated biography on Prince Tokugawa Iesato titled The Art of Peace . Many of the hatamoto also relocated to Shizuoka; a large proportion of them did not find adequate means to support themselves. As a result, many of them resented Yoshinobu, some of them to the point of wanting him dead. Yoshinobu was aware of this, and was so afraid of assassination that he redesigned his sleeping arrangement to confuse any potential assassin. Living

440-687: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi , the first clash of the Boshin War . Though the Tokugawa forces had a distinct advantage in numbers, Yoshinobu abandoned his army in the midst of the fight once he realized the Satsuma and Chōshū forces raised the Imperial banner, and escaped to Edo . He placed himself under voluntary confinement, and indicated his submission to the imperial court. However, a peace agreement

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480-630: The Emperor Meiji allowed him to re-establish his own house as a Tokugawa branch ( bekke ) with the highest rank in the peerage, that of prince ( kōshaku ), for his loyal service to Japan. He took a seat in the House of Peers , and resigned in 1910. Tokugawa Yoshinobu died on 21 November 1913 at 16:10 and is buried in Yanaka Cemetery , Tokyo. On 9 January 1896, his ninth daughter Tsuneko Tokugawa (1882–1939) married Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu ,

520-722: The Imperial Japanese Naval Academy from 1922 to 1924. He received a commission as an ensign on 1 December 1925 and took up duties aboard the battleship Fusō . He was promoted to sub-lieutenant the following year after completing the course of study at the Torpedo School. The prince studied at the Naval Aviation School at Kasumigaura in 1927 and the Naval Gunnery School at Yokosuka in 1930–1931. In 1930, he

560-865: The Japanese Red Cross Society (present-day honorary president is Empress Masako ) and was a major contributor of the NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai or Society for the Preservation of the Japanese Sword). He also officiated the Honorary President of the Preparatory Committee for founding International Christian University (ICU) located in Mitaka, Tokyo . Known for his outgoing nature, Nobuhito

600-557: The Maritime Self-Defense Force . The engagement was canceled due to the backlash. In 1975, the Bungei Shunjū literary magazine published a long interview with Takamatsu in which he told of the warning he made to his brother Hirohito after the Battle of Midway when he realized Japan's defeat was inevitable; "I said, we now have to think about how to end the war. I expressed this left and right". Before

640-651: The Takamatsu-no-miya (formerly Arisugawa-no-miya) , one of the four shinnōke or branches of the imperial family entitled to inherit the Chrysanthemum throne in default of a direct heir. From the mid-1920s until the end of World War II , Prince Takamatsu pursued a career in the Japanese Imperial Navy , eventually rising to the rank of captain. Following the war, the prince became patron or honorary president of various organizations in

680-607: The 65th Class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in March 1938. On July 12, 1943, he was killed in action during World War II when the submarine Ro-101 he was deployed on was fired on by the destroyer USS  Taylor in Indispensable Strait near Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands . Shrapnel cut down Tokugawa and two enlisted lookouts, but the submarine was able to dive and escape. Tokugawa

720-543: The Kyoto area, and gathered allies to counter the activities of the rebellious Chōshū Domain . They were instrumental figures in the kōbu gattai political party, which sought a reconciliation between the shogunate and the imperial court. In 1864, Yoshinobu, as commander of the imperial palace's defense, defeated the Chōshū forces in their attempt to capture the imperial palace's Hamaguri Gate ( 蛤御門 , Hamaguri-Gomon ) in what

760-589: The Naval General Staff Office in Tokyo. On 4 February 1930, Prince Takamatsu married Kikuko Tokugawa (1911–2004), the second daughter of Yoshihisa Tokugawa . The bride was a granddaughter of Yoshinobu Tokugawa , the last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate , and a granddaughter of the late Prince Takehito Arisugawa . Shortly after the wedding, Prince and Princess Takamatsu embarked upon

800-535: The United States. He urged his eldest brother, Emperor Shōwa to seek peace after the Japanese naval defeat at the Battle of Midway in 1942; an intervention which apparently caused a severe rift between the brothers. Tokugawa Yoshinobu Prince Tokugawa Yoshinobu ( 德川 慶喜 , also known as Keiki ; October 28, 1837 – November 22, 1913) was the 15th and last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan . He

840-729: The assistance of the Russians, and the Tracey Mission provided by the British Royal Navy. Equipment was also purchased from the United States. The outlook among many was that the Tokugawa Shogunate was gaining ground towards renewed strength and power; however, it fell in less than a year. Fearing the renewed strengthening of the Tokugawa shogunate under a strong and wise ruler, samurai from Satsuma , Chōshū and Tosa formed an alliance to counter it. Under

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880-421: The banner of sonnō jōi ("revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians!") coupled with a fear of the new shōgun as the "Rebirth of Ieyasu " (家康の再来) who would continue to usurp the power of the Emperor, they worked to bring about an end to the shogunate, though they varied in their approaches. In particular, Tosa was more moderate; it proposed a compromise whereby Yoshinobu would resign as shōgun , but preside over

920-511: The boy's elementary and secondary departments of the Peers' School ( Gakushuin ). When Prince Arisugawa Takehito (1862–1913), the tenth head of the collateral imperial house of Arisugawa-no-miya, died without a male heir, Emperor Taishō placed Prince Nobuhito in the house. The name of the house reverted to the original Takamatsu-no-miya. The new Prince Takamatsu was a fourth cousin, four times removed of Prince Takehito. Prince Takamatsu attended

960-526: The death of the 13th shōgun , Iesada , in 1858, Yoshinobu was nominated as a potential successor. His supporters touted his skill and efficiency in managing family affairs. However, the opposing faction, led by Ii Naosuke , won out. Their candidate, the young Tokugawa Yoshitomi , was chosen, and became the 14th shōgun Iemochi. Soon after, during the Ansei Purge , Yoshinobu and others who supported him were placed under house arrest . Yoshinobu himself

1000-605: The decision to wage war on the United States . After the Battle of Saipan in July 1944, Prince Takamatsu joined his mother Empress Teimei , his uncles Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni , Prince Yasuhiko Asaka , former prime minister Konoe Fumimaro , and other aristocrats, in seeking the ouster of the prime minister Hideki Tojo . After the surrender of Japan , Prince Takamatsu entertained many American officers at his residence during their occupation of Japan . His role in

1040-654: The disease in July 1986. His remains were buried at Toshimagaoka Cemetery located in Bunkyō , Tokyo. In 1991 the prince's wife Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu and an aide discovered a twenty-volume diary, written in Prince Takamatsu's own hand between 1921 and 1947. Despite opposition from the entrenched bureaucrats of the Imperial Household Agency , she gave the diary to the magazine Chūōkōron , which published excerpts in 1995. The diary in full

1080-606: The fields of international cultural exchange, the arts, sports, and medicine. He is mainly remembered for his philanthropic activities as a member of the Imperial House of Japan . Nobuhito was born at the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo to then-Crown Prince Yoshihito and Crown Princess Sadako. His childhood appellation was Teru-no-miya (Prince Teru). Like his elder brothers, Prince Hirohito and Prince Yasuhito , he attended

1120-465: The meeting. Yoshinobu opposed this action, and composed a message of protest, to be delivered to the imperial court; at the urging of the leaders of Aizu, Kuwana, and other domains, and in light of the immense number of Satsuma and Chōshū troops in Kyoto, he dispatched a large body of troops to convey this message to the court. When the Tokugawa forces arrived outside Kyoto, they were refused entry, and were attacked by Satsuma and Chōshū troops, starting

1160-978: The post-war years was largely ceremonial and he became the honorary president of various charitable, cultural and athletic organizations including the Japan Fine Arts Society, the Denmark-Japan Society, the France-Japan Society, the Tofu Society for the Welfare of Leprosy Patients, the Sericulture Association, the Japan Basketball Association , and the Saise Welfare Society. He also served as a patron of

1200-701: The surrender, he and Prince Konoe had considered asking for the emperor's abdication. The interview implied that the emperor had been a firm supporter of the Greater East Asia War (Japanese name of the Pacific War in those days) while the prince was not. Prince Takamatsu died of lung cancer on 3 February 1987, at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center ( ja , located in Shibuya , Tokyo). He had been diagnosed with

1240-446: Was a third cousin (once removed) of the then- Emperor Ninkō . Shichirōmaro was brought up under strict, spartan supervision and tutelage. His father Nariaki followed the example of the second Mito daimyo, Tokugawa Mitsukuni (1661-1690), who had sent all his sons after the firstborn to be raised in Mito. Shichirōmaro was seven months old when he arrived in Mito in 1838. He was taught in the literary and martial arts , as well as receiving

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1280-516: Was born in Edo as the seventh son of Tokugawa Nariaki , daimyō of Mito. Mito was one of the gosanke , the three branch families of the Tokugawa clan which were eligible to be chosen as shōgun . His birth name was Matsudaira Shichirōmaro ( 松平七郎麻呂 ) His mother, Princess Arisugawa Yoshiko , was a member of the Arisugawa-no-miya , a cadet branch of the imperial family; through her, he

1320-551: Was made the daimyō of the new Shizuoka Domain , but lost this title a few years later, when the domains were abolished. Even after losing his position as ruling shogun, Yoshinobu strove to promote his son Iesato's political career so that he could attain the highest level of influence in the Japanese Imperial court, and also serve as a bridge between old world Japan and modern emerging Japan both domestically and internationally. The close relationship between father and son

1360-736: Was made to retire from Hitotsubashi headship. The period of Ii's domination of the Tokugawa government was marked by mismanagement and political infighting. Upon Ii's assassination in 1860, Yoshinobu was reinstated as Hitotsubashi family head, and was nominated in 1862 to be the shōgun ' s guardian ( 将軍後見職 , shōgun kōken-shoku ) , receiving the position soon afterwards. At the same time, his two closest allies, Matsudaira Yoshinaga and Matsudaira Katamori , were appointed to other high positions: Yoshinaga as chief of political affairs ( 政治総裁職 , seiji sōsai shoku ) , Katamori as Guardian of Kyoto ( 京都守護職 , Kyoto Shugoshoku ) . The three men then took numerous steps to quell political unrest in

1400-399: Was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful. He resigned his position as shogun in late 1867, while aiming at keeping some political influence. After these efforts failed following the defeat at the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in early 1868, he went into retirement, and largely avoided the public eye for the rest of his life. Tokugawa Yoshinobu

1440-732: Was promoted to lieutenant and attached to the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff in Tokyo. He became a squadron commander of cruiser Takao, two years later and subsequently was reassigned to the Fusō . Prince Takamatsu graduated from the Naval Staff College in 1936, after having been promoted to lieutenant commander on 15 November 1935. He was promoted to the rank of commander on 15 November 1940 and finally to captain on 1 November 1942. From 1936 to 1945, he held various staff positions in

1480-748: Was published from 1995 to 1997, in eight volumes. The diary revealed that Prince Takamatsu bitterly opposed the Kwantung Army 's incursions in Manchuria in September 1931, the expansion of the July 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident into the Second Sino-Japanese War and in November 1941 warned his brother, Hirohito, that the Imperial Japanese Navy could not sustain hostilities for longer than two years against

1520-511: Was reached wherein Tayasu Kamenosuke , the young head of a branch of the Tokugawa family, was adopted and made Tokugawa family head; On April 11, Edo Castle was handed over to the imperial army, and the city spared from all-out war. Together with Kamenosuke (who took the name Tokugawa Iesato ), Yoshinobu moved to Shizuoka . Tokugawa Ieyasu , founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate, had also retired to Shizuoka, centuries earlier. Iesato

1560-460: Was said to have "slipped away from his guards and walk freely" before the war and "frequently came without any escort to drinking places in Ginza " after the war. In 1970, Prince Takamatsu became the first member of the imperial family to visit South Korea after Japan's colonial rule over Korea ended in 1945. He garnered criticism in 1973 when it was announced that he would privately visit vessels of

1600-547: Was undertaken to initiate reforms that would strengthen the Tokugawa government. In particular, assistance from the Second French Empire was organized, with the construction of the Yokosuka arsenal under Léonce Verny , and the dispatch of a French military mission to modernize the armies of the bakufu . The national army and navy, which had already been formed under Tokugawa command, were strengthened by

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