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62-543: The society organized local primary schools, evening courses for adults, libraries and reading rooms, kindergartens. From 1907 to 1914, the society established about 62 primary schools and adult courses. It also organized teachers' courses that grew into Saulė Teachers' Seminary and bookkeeping courses. Several schools were evacuated to Voronezh where the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers organized

124-556: A cost of 155,000 rubles was completed in Žaliakalnis in 1914. It was the first building in Lithuania built using funds raised from the public. The building had modern conveniences: central heating, local water supply and sewage, electricity, telephone. The building was enlarged in 1925 based on a project by architect Edmundas Alfonsas Frykas  [ lt ] . At the same time, reliefs of Simonas Daukantas and Motiejus Valančius by sculptor Vincas Grybas were incorporated into

186-637: A defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution . Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev , and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front . By July 6, the German army occupied

248-500: A drone attack on two distilleries in Voronezh, distilleries that make rocket and aviation fuel and explosives. Voronezh is the administrative center of the oblast . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Voronezh Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. The city

310-609: A few places, the schools were sponsored by local nobles (e.g. in Kurtuvėnai and Astravas ). These chapters then organized local primary schools, evening courses for adults, libraries and reading rooms, kindergartens. By 1907, the society already had 32 local chapters and 25 primary schools. In 1909, Saulė maintained 32 libraries with 8,754 books; during the year, they served about 3,800 readers. In 1910, Saulė had 45 primary schools: four two-year schools, 18 one-year schools, and 24 people's schools (these were primitive schools that did not need

372-522: A geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don ) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of

434-503: A number of Lithuanian schools . Saulė Society was able to organize more middle and secondary schools during the German occupation during World War I. In 1919, Saulė maintained ten gymnasiums and progymasiums that had about 1,600 students. The role of the society diminished after Lithuania regained independence and a number of its schools were nationalized. The society was fully liquidated after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940 After

496-406: A number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include: and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city. Platonov International Arts Festival Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Voronezh. There

558-606: A qualified teacher). After complains from the Vilna Educational District  [ ru ] , 24 people's schools were closed in 1910. In 1913, Saulė had 63 chapters with 3,372 members. From 1907 to 1914, the society established about 62 primary schools and adult courses. During World War I, some schools of Saulė were evacuated to Russia. During the German occupation, the society was able to organize Lithuanian gymnasiums in Kaunas  [ lt ] (due to

620-834: A sizable town. Weronecz is shown on the Worona river in Resania in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. Peter the Great built a dockyard in Voronezh where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian ship of the line , Goto Predestinatsia . The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, Mitrofan of Voronezh ,

682-488: A small tuition. They were mainly co-educational , though Saulė had five girls' only schools in 1913. The curriculum included lessons on Lithuanian and Russian languages, religion, arithmetic, penmanship, and drawing and called for 30 hours of instruction per week (almost double the hours of a government school). Schools maintained by Saulė supported and promoted the ideology of the Roman Catholic Church and

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744-767: Is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River , located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don River . The city sits on the Southeastern Railway , which connects western Russia with the Urals and Siberia , the Caucasus and Ukraine , and the M4 highway ( Moscow –Voronezh– Rostov-on-Don – Novorossiysk ). In recent years

806-465: Is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn ) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh ). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in

868-417: Is an Orthodox Jewish community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street. A notable Christian Armenian , up to 4,000 individuals, is also present. In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop Mitrofan (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan

930-455: Is divided into six administrative districts : At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was: The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were mechanical engineering , metalworking , the electronics industry and the food industry . In the city are such companies as: On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with

992-551: The Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party . In 1940, the society was left with only three schools: gymnasium in Švėkšna , progymnasium in Šeduva , and primary school in Kaunas . The society was fully liquidated after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940 . Voronezh Voronezh ( / v ə ˈ r oʊ n ɪ ʃ , - ˈ r ɒ n -/ və- ROH -nish, -⁠ RO - ; Russian : Воронеж , IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ] )

1054-902: The Second German Army and the Second Hungarian Army occupied the western part of Voronezh. During Operation Little Saturn , the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive , and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was liberated after ten days of combat . During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed. By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It

1116-619: The South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways . Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 railway station and is located in the center of the city. There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including Moscow , Belgorod , Lipetsk , Volgograd , Rostov-on-Don , and Astrakhan . The city has seven theaters, twelve museums,

1178-586: The Tupolev Tu-144 (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the Voronezh Malshevo air force base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a Natural Resources Defense Council report, houses nuclear bombers . Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of

1240-640: The Veiveriai Teachers' Seminary admitted Lithuanian students, there was a lack of Lithuanian-speaking teachers. Saulė organized courses for teachers (they were officially approved in October 1907). In 1910, Tsarist authorities attempted to close the school because they found out that its alumni Matas Šalčius delivered a speech criticizing Russification at a teacher's conference in Saint Petersburg . From 1908 to 1914, 545 people attended

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1364-793: The ostrog and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements:

1426-527: The "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by

1488-501: The 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa. The linguistic comparative analysis of

1550-758: The Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of

1612-566: The Liberation of Vilnius , girl scouts. Juozas Vokietaitis  [ lt ] was the director of the teachers' courses until 1926. Lecturers at the courses included Juozas Balčikonis , Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė , Rokas Šliūpas , Juozas Damijonaitis  [ lt ] , Stasys Matijošaitis  [ lt ] , Magdalena Galdikienė . Notable alumni of the courses included Matas Šalčius , Kazys Šimonis , Adelė Nezabitauskaitė-Galaunienė  [ lt ] , and others. In

1674-604: The Lithuanian national identity. Tsarist authorities investigated the society several times and noted that it did not promote unity with the Russian people. For example, the society kept some protocols and documents in Lithuanian and some schools did not display portraits of the Tsar in a prominent location. They recommended to liquidate the society, but Kovno Governor Petr Verevkin  [ ru ] defended Saulė. Since only

1736-532: The Relief of War Sufferers organized a number of Lithuanian schools . In 1918, the courses returned to Lithuania and were reorganized as the Saulė Teachers' Seminary. Starting in 1923, the seminary admitted only girls. To combat teacher shortages in independent Lithuania, Saulė also organized two-year teachers' courses in Jurbarkas , Vilkija , Utena , and Žagarė . In 1928, the seminary had 150 students. It

1798-696: The Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination. In June 2023, during the Wagner Group rebellion , forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself. On the night of 27 October 2024, during the Russo-Ukrainian War , Ukraine launched

1860-470: The Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of

1922-636: The Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde ), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars . The city was named after the river. In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into

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1984-412: The annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's The Nutcracker . In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen as well as the animation classic The Snow Queen from

2046-480: The area of the main settlement in Kyiv before the baptism of Rus. In [1] it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of Voroneț Monastery known for its blue shade. Folk etymology claims

2108-491: The city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681, up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census , making it the 14th-most populous city in the country. The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as

2170-482: The city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the federal and regional budgets for development. On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people. Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the Central Black Earth Region . As part of

2232-740: The city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower. Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. The city is served by the Voronezh International Airport , which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the Pridacha Airport , a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility VASO ( Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo , Voronezh aircraft production association) where

2294-458: The courses and 106 graduated. Graduates were not licensed by the Tsarist authorities and had troubles finding employment in government schools. Thus, many graduates had to seek employment at Saulė or other private schools. By 1918, the number of graduates increased to about 200. During World War I, the courses were first evacuated to Vilnius and then to Voronezh where the Lithuanian Society for

2356-565: The courses in 1908. The classes were taught in Russian (except for religion and Lithuanian language and history). Tuition cost 40 to 60 rubles per year, with additional 15 rubles per month for dormitory, which was a relatively large sum at the time. Students joined Lithuanian choirs directed by Juozas Naujalis or Stasys Šimkus . They were also active in the Daina Society . In interwar Lithuania, students were active in Ateitis , Union for

2418-551: The early 20th century, Lithuanians started a number of credit and trade cooperatives, but they lacked educated workers. Therefore, Saulė Society established bookkeeping courses in 1907. The courses were directed by priest Kazimieras Prapuolenis  [ lt ] . Both men and women were admitted. Initially, the courses were taught in Russian, but Lithuanian was introduced for the 1911–1912 school year. The curriculum included arithmetic, bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, trade, calligraphy. The education lasted one year. The tuition

2480-453: The efforts of Saliamonas Banaitis ) and Panevėžys in 1915. Olšauskas was able to obtain 100,000 marks from Ober Ost for the schools. Later, Saulė established gymnasiums and progymnasiums in Biržai , Jurbarkas , Kražiai , Ramygala , Rokiškis , Švėkšna , Utena , Telšiai , Žagarė . In 1919, Saulė maintained ten gymnasiums and progymasiums that had about 1,600 students. The schools charged

2542-771: The failed Uprising of 1863 , the Tsarist regime enacted strict Russification policies: the Lithuanian press was prohibited , all non-government schools were closed, and government schools prohibited the use of the Lithuanian language . When the restrictions were lifted in 1904, Lithuanians organized societies Saulė in the Kovno Governorate and Žiburys (light, beacon) in the Suwałki Governorate to fund and operate Lithuanian schools. On 25 June 1906, Kovno Governor Petr Verevkin  [ ru ] approved

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2604-467: The façade. The building housed several educational institutions: teachers' seminary, the first music school in Lithuania (established in 1919, director Juozas Naujalis ), the first girls' progymnasium (established in 1923), two primary schools, and a kindergarten. The building also had a chapel of Saint Casimir . The top floor was used as a dormitory, while the basement housed a kitchen, canteen, laundry, and other utility rooms. In independent Lithuania,

2666-921: The 💕 Look for Kauno Aušros gimnazija on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Kauno Aušros gimnazija in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

2728-503: The hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with Moscow in 1868 and Rostov-on-Don in 1871. During World War II , Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad , and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha ) artillery installations were built at

2790-446: The middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times

2852-536: The name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi , Varna , Verona , Brno , etc. A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh"

2914-462: The name comes from combining the Russian words for raven ( ворон ) and hedgehog ( еж ) into Воронеж . According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation. In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including

2976-555: The need for private schools diminished and Saulė struggled to raise funds. The government provided up 65% of Catholic school funding. Many school of Saulė Society were nationalized after the December 1926 coup d'état that brought President Antanas Smetona to power. It was an intentional effort by the authoritarian regime of Smetona to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church and, by extension, of his main political opponent

3038-589: The old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan . For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg . This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronizh in Ukraine ). Later, in

3100-418: The second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement ( ostrog ). In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya. The posad population received the territory between

3162-590: The society's program was quickly revised to emphasize that it is a Catholic organization open only to Catholics. This caused issues with the Tsarist authorities in 1910 when they closed Saulė and ten other Lithuanian societies because they were deemed to be religious. Konstantinas Olšauskas, Maironis , and Aleksander Meysztowicz visited Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin and were able to reinstate Saulė Society. Saulė Society established local chapters in cities and towns of Kovno Governorate . Chapters needed at least 10 members and were frequently organized by local priests. In

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3224-583: The statute of Saulė Society. Its founders included priests Konstantinas Olšauskas (long-term chairman) and Povilas Januševičius  [ lt ] , physician Rokas Šliūpas , teacher Tomas Ferdinandas Žilinskas  [ lt ] . The society collected a membership fee (no less than 5 rubles ) per year) and annually elected a 7-member board. Saulė's primary funding came from various donations, mostly collected by priests and churches. Its budget grew from 6,451 rubles in 1908 to 23,507 rubles in 1913. Due to efforts of bishop Mečislovas Leonardas Paliulionis ,

3286-480: The support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia. In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing

3348-520: The western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue . Until January 25, 1943, parts of

3410-614: Was glorified as a saint by the Russian Orthodox Church . In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it. There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh: Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public. Source: Kauno Au%C5%A1ros gimnazija From Misplaced Pages,

3472-770: Was 100 rubles per year. During World War I, the courses were also evacuated to Voronezh. Saulė did not have its own premises in Kaunas and rented a house for 4,000 rubles per year. In spring 1911, priest Konstantinas Olšauskas invited Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas to visit Lithuanian American communities and collect donations for the construction of the headquarters of the Saulė Society. They toured 55 Lithuanian American communities for three months and collected about $ 19,000 (equivalent to $ 621,000 in 2023) or 34,000 rubles . More donations were collected in Lithuania and construction started in spring 1912. The three-storey brick building at

3534-405: Was also the location of a prestigious Suvorov Military School , a boarding school for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war. In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic plane

3596-400: Was closed in 1936. It was the first pedagogical school in Lithuania that admitted women. The education lasted three years. Pre-war curriculum included religion, languages (Russian, Lithuanian, French, Latin), math (arithmetic, algebra, geometry), nature, hygiene, history, geography, penmanship, drawing, singing, pedagogy. Students could practice teaching at a primary school that was attached to

3658-401: Was delivered. In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies. Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in

3720-420: Was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, Ilyushin Il-86 , was built there. In 1989, TASS published details of an alleged UFO landing in the city's park and purported encounters with extraterrestrial beings reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the Associated Press that he

3782-527: Was later proclaimed the town's patron saint. Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the Azov Governorate , which eventually morphed into the Voronezh Governorate . In the 19th century, Voronezh was the center of Voronezh Governorate. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, suet , and

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3844-436: Was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published", and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing". From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of

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