Misplaced Pages

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77-536: In 1764, the crossing from Skinners Falls to Milanville was the location of timber rafting for one of the most prominent families in the area, the Skinners. That year, Daniel Skinner took the first timber raft down the Delaware River. Completing this accomplishment, Skinner received the name "Lord High Admiral", an honor that still stands to this date. The Skinners lived in a place christened as Milanville, but

154-722: A tropical wave in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It moved quickly west-northwestward, strengthening into a hurricane by August 4. Connie first posed a threat to the Lesser Antilles , ultimately passing about 105 mi (169 km) north of the island group. In the United States Virgin Islands , three people died due to the hurricane, and a few homes were destroyed. The outer rainbands produced hurricane-force wind gusts and intense precipitation, reaching 8.65 in (220 mm) in Puerto Rico . On

231-534: A 24-hour period; it was the city's highest daily rainfall in 57 years. The deluge exceeded the capacity of sewers and creeks, closed roads, and entered the basements of homes, forcing hundreds of residents to evacuate. Three days' of rainfall caused creeks to rise in the Lehigh Valley . About 10,000 people lost power in Pennsylvania, but service was quickly restored. U.S. Marines evacuated

308-1029: A Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale . Connie was the first of three damaging tropical cyclones in the 1955 hurricane season to hit the state, along with Diane and Ione . The storm progressed inland after moving through the Chesapeake Bay region, and was later absorbed by a cold front over Lake Huron on August 15. Ahead of the storm, the United States Weather Bureau issued widespread hurricane warnings , spurring evacuations, flight cancelations, and beach closures. Connie produced strong winds, high tides, and heavy rainfall as it moved ashore, causing heavy crop damage and 27 deaths in North Carolina. Four people were killed in Washington, D.C. due to

385-423: A V-bow a raft was more likely to hold together and glance off if it drifted out of control and hit the river bank. As one old-time raftsman put it: “With a square bow you were compelled to hold the raft in or near the middle of the river: if it butted the hill it would come to pieces. The sharp-chute could be put together so it would not come apart. And it saved a lot of hard work. Raftsmen didn’t mind letting it go to

462-482: A bridge in the area did not arise until the 20th century. In 1900 and 1901, politicians started to feel it was appropriate to build a bridge in the area. A firm, run by Milton L. Skinner, first opened in 1901 to help sell stock, construct the bridge, and then follow it by operating it for the general public. The firm, named the Milanville Bridge Company, was located in the community of Milanville on

539-419: A dairy company, which helped raise income for the bridge using the $ 0.22 toll. One company that could not make it is the Skinners' timber rafting, which had been in business for over 140 years. In 1914, J. Skinner was the new owner, but the company was devastated when one of their timber rafts collided with a Myers family-owned ferryboat, killing four. The blame was placed on the ferry operator. However, along with

616-411: A developing eye feature . Observations from the flight, as well as a nearby ship, suggested that Connie attained hurricane status on August 4. The hurricane continued to intensify as it approached the northern Lesser Antilles , passing about 105 mi (169 km) north of the island group on August 6. Later that day, the storm strengthened to major hurricane status, or a Category 3 on

693-594: A few houses and boats in the province. As a result of its impacts, including a death toll of 77, the name Connie was retired from the Atlantic hurricane naming list. A tropical wave developed into a tropical depression to the west of the Cape Verde islands on August 3, 1955, based on reports from two nearby ships. The depression moved quickly west-northwestward and intensified into Tropical Storm Connie. A Hurricane Hunters flight on August 4 reported

770-594: A flood in March 1904 did serious damage to the structure. However, the owners hired the Horseheads Bridge Company , run by the Perkins brothers. They charged $ 7,000 (1904 USD) to complete repairs of the bridge. With the reopening of the bridge, and along with the newly constructed Erie Railroad station, a new revitalization came to Skinners Falls and Milanville, including an acid company, creamery, and

847-479: A group of 63  Girl Scouts from Camp Helena near Bethlehem, Pennsylvania , after floods from a nearby creek threatened the group. A boy required rescue from the flooded Darby Creek . Heavy rainfall, totaling over 10 in (250 mm) affected southeastern New York, causing heavy damage, and killing 11 people in the New York metropolitan area , and three people upstate . Hurricane Connie brought

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924-649: A portion of the Delaware and Hudson Railway in the Helderberg Mountains , causing two trains to derail; there were no injuries. In Monroe and Wayne counties, the storm damaged the peach and apple crops. The Chenango County Fair closed early due to the storms' rains. In coastal Connecticut, the rainfall from Connie increased levels along streams, but there was little damage. When the remnants of Connie entered Ontario on August 14, it continued to produce winds of up to 46 mph (74 km/h), and

1001-887: A traffic accident caused by slick roads. In Chesapeake Bay, Connie capsized a boat, killing 14 people and prompting a change in Coast Guard regulations. There were six deaths each in Pennsylvania and New Jersey , and 14 deaths in New York , where record rainfall flooded houses and subways. At least 295,000 people nationwide lost electric power during the storm. Damage in the United States totaled around $ 86 million (1955  USD ). The rains from Connie contributed to flooding from Hurricane Diane that caused $ 700 million in damage. The remnants of Connie killed three people in Ontario , and also destroyed

1078-626: A tropical storm, Connie moved across portions of Southwestern Ontario , Lake Huron , and Michigan. On August 15, an approaching cold front absorbed the dissipating storm. On August 5, Hurricane Connie began to become an apparent threat to the northeastern Caribbean Islands, with maximum winds in the storm reaching 125 mph (201 km/h). The National Weather Bureau issued hurricane warnings for Barbuda , Saba and Antigua . The Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico were placed on hurricane alert as warnings were possible later that day. Along

1155-496: Is also environmentally friendly, with much lower greenhouse gas emissions than truck transport. [REDACTED] Media related to Timber floating at Wikimedia Commons Hurricane Connie Hurricane Connie was a Category 4 hurricane that contributed to significant flooding across the eastern United States in August 1955, just days before Hurricane Diane affected the same general area. Connie formed on August 3 from

1232-791: Is arguably, after log driving , the second cheapest means of transporting felled timber . Both methods may be referred to as timber floating. The tradition of timber rafting cultivated in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Latvia, Poland and Spain was inscribed on UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022 Unlike log driving, which was a dangerous task of floating separate logs , floaters or raftsmen could enjoy relative comfort of navigation, with cabins built on rafts, steering by means of oars and possibility to make stops. On

1309-566: Is still of importance in Finland. In Spain, this method of transport was used in the Ebro, Tajo, Júcar, Turia and Segura rivers, mainly and to a lesser extent in the Guadalquivir. There is documentary evidence of these uses as early as the sixteenth century, and its use was extended until the middle of the 20th century. In Russia, the use of elaborate timber rafts called belyana continued into

1386-606: The Levin J. Marvel during the hurricane prompted the United States Congress to pass a law in 1956, which allowed the Coast Guard to inspect all vessels with more than six passengers; the previous law only allowed inspections for boats of more than 700 tons, much higher than the 183 tons that the Marvel displaced . The inexperienced captain was charged with negligence and manslaughter and stood trial before

1463-610: The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation shut down access to the Skinners Falls – Milanville Bridge when a truss member of the bridge was found to be defective. The bridge was supposed to undergo rehabilitation of the truss members later in the year for $ 200,000 (2010 USD) and a larger $ 8 million (2015 USD) rehabilitation in 2015. As of July 2013, the bridge is in operation and open to vehicle traffic. An inspection on December 11, 2015, revealed that

1540-468: The Saffir-Simpson scale . After passing the Lesser Antilles, Connie turned more to the northwest as it rounded a large ridge . A Hurricane Hunters flight on August 7 observed an eye shaped like an inverted cone – larger at flight-level, and a diameter of 9 mi (14 km) at the surface. The plane also observed a minimum barometric pressure of 944  mbar (27.88  inHg ),

1617-592: The San Diego and Arizona Railway when they formed the Pacific west coast Joggins Raft Company on September 21, 1889. Rafting was a principal method of transporting timber in the southeastern United States but, except on the Mississippi River , rafts were necessarily smaller than those described above. On Georgia’s Altamaha River , for example, the maximum width was about forty feet (12 m), that being

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1694-596: The United States District Court for the District of Maryland in Baltimore. Those charges carried a prison term of 11 years. Judge Robert Dorsey Watkins , however, acquitted him of the manslaughter charge, instead sentencing him to one-year probation for negligence. Due to its destructive impact and high death toll, the name Connie was retired from the Atlantic hurricane naming list by

1771-611: The United States Virgin Islands , although there were estimates of 80 mph (130 km/h) wind gusts on Saint Thomas . The outer rainbands of Connie also produced heavy rainfall in the northeastern Caribbean. The highest precipitation total in Puerto Rico was 8.65 in (220 mm) along the lower Río Blanco , of which 7.50 in (191 mm) fell in one day. Rainfall reached 7.04 in (179 mm) in Charlotte Amalie on Saint Thomas. Two people drowned on

1848-600: The Vuoksi - Saimaa basin. Timber rafting has experienced a resurgence following the Russo-Ukrainian War . Timber imports from Russia stopped, requiring their replacement with more timber to be procured from the upper reaches of Saimaa, while the Finnish truck fleet was however not large enough to accommodate this. Thus, timber rafting took its place. Timber rafting is 20% cheaper than transport by truck or rail. It

1925-457: The 1930s. Timber rafts could be of enormous proportions, sometimes up to 600 metres (2,000 ft) long, 50 metres (160 ft) wide, and stacked 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) high. Such rafts would contain thousands of logs. For the comfort of the raftsmen - which could number up to 500 - logs were also used to build cabins and galleys . Control of the raft was done by oars and later on by tugboats . Raft construction differs depending on

2002-497: The 1960s, the bridge survived with little to no structural damage. From May to October 1986, the commission closed the bridge to do some renovations. The wooden deck was replaced, the entire bridge was painted, and new guide rails were constructed. The 3 ton (6000 lb) weight limit remained after the revamping. On November 14, 1988, the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places . On January 19, 2010,

2079-603: The Altamaha’s rafting era is generally considered to have been the years between those wars. During those years, Darien , a town at the mouth of the river with a population of perhaps a couple of thousand, was a major international timber port. Reports of exports from Darien were included in the New York Lumber Trade Journal along with reports of exports from such large ports as New Orleans, Mobile, Jacksonville, Savannah, Charleston, and Norfolk. The timber

2156-636: The Atlantic coast about 1883. They were there sometimes referred to as Joggins-Leary log ships because they were financed by businessman James T. Leary and originated at Joggins, Nova Scotia . They seem also to have been employed on the Rhine River as early as September 14, 1888. Their use on the Pacific coast was first contemplated by the capitalists James Mervyn Donahue of the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad and John D. Spreckels of

2233-587: The Atlantic coast near the North Carolina/ Virginia border. After passing through the Hampton Roads area, Connie turned back to the north-northwest, steered by a strengthening upper-level trough and low, located over Illinois. On August 13, Connie fell below hurricane intensity as it moved through the Chesapeake Bay region. The track shifted to the northwest, and Connie moved across western Pennsylvania, into Lake Erie . While still

2310-491: The Bridge Company an offer of $ 19,542.22 (1920s USD). The company took the offer and under new ownership, the tolls were eliminated. The bridge had more activity after the elimination of tolls and business continued to prosper. With the new owners, the bridge was kept under routine maintenance, and the bridge has continued to maintain a strong structure. Even with the floods from Hurricanes Connie and Diane of 1955 and

2387-641: The Northeastern United States, many areas were in drought conditions before the storm struck. Unusually moist air caused above normal air and water temperatures, resulting in heavy rainfall across the eastern United States. Storm-related rainfall spread from the South Carolina, northeast to Maine, and as far west as Michigan. Record rainfall occurred in Philadelphia and New York City, and the highest precipitation related to Connie

Skinners Falls–Milanville Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-560: The Pennsylvania side. At the time the name of the bridge was referred to as the Milanville Bridge, but eventually, locals referred it as the "Skinners Falls Bridge". The corporation received the charter from the state of Pennsylvania to construct the bridge in the later months of 1901. The firm hired the American Bridge Company to construct the bridge. Construction did not get far, before an ice flood raised

2541-476: The Rhine were 200 to 400m in length, 40m wide and consisted of several thousand logs. The crew consisted of 400 to 500 men, including shelter, bakeries, ovens and livestock stables. Timber rafting infrastructure allowed for large interconnected networks all over continental Europe. The advent of the railroad, steam boat vessels and improvements in trucking and road networks gradually reduced the use of timber rafts. It

2618-611: The United States, Connie produced wind gusts of 65 mph (105 km/h) along Lake Huron in Michigan , causing high waves that damaged or sank many small boats. Damage in Michigan was estimated at $ 150,000. Flooding caused by Connie generally did not attract much media attention; however, the floods were important in setting the conditions for later significant flooding across the Northeastern United States. Just five days after Connie struck North Carolina, Hurricane Diane affected

2695-405: The bridge was once again open to traffic. Height bars were installed at both ends of the bridge to prevent heavy vehicles from being able to use the bridge, which is what caused the most recent damage to the structure. The bridge was closed once again in early 2018 after more deterioration was found, and the central pier was damaged by an ice jam in the Delaware River. As of November 2018 the bridge

2772-399: The bridge would collapse before rehabilitation could be finished. As of November 8, PennDOT had been working on getting all approvals for the dismantling by December 1. Timber raft Timber rafting is a method of transporting felled tree trunks by tying them together to make rafts , which are then drifted or pulled downriver, or across a lake or other body of water. It

2849-419: The bridge's suspension wires were twisted and out of line, making the bridge unsafe to carry vehicles and the 114-year-old bridge will be closed indefinitely, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation . "This is not something that's going just weeks or even months; it's going to be a while," added DOT spokesman, James May. Throughout 2016 the necessary repairs were made and as of November 2016

2926-514: The coast inland to Richmond . Floods washed out a portion of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad near Lankford , and covered portions of five area highways, including U.S. 1 and U.S. 301 . The storm downed trees and caused scattered power outages for at least 5,000 people in the state. Ten river gauges in Virginia, as well as sixteen in neighboring Maryland, reached

3003-820: The coastline. About 2,000 people evacuated from flood-prone areas in New Bern, North Carolina . In Philadelphia, the Boy Scouts evacuated 800 scouts from Camp Delmont due to the threat of the hurricane. The threat of Connie also canceled a flight by President Dwight Eisenhower from Gettysburg to Washington, D.C., prompting him to travel instead by car. More than 300 residents evacuated in North Jersey. Beaches were closed in New Jersey and New York. An annual parade in Ocean City, New Jersey

3080-676: The compromise, and the American Bridge Company finished construction of the bridge in November 1902, the total cost being $ 14,000. After construction of the Skinners Falls–;Milanville Bridge was completed in late 1902, tolls were immediately charged along the one lane structure. However, unlike the other two bridges, the Skinners Falls–Milanville Bridge cost $ 0.22 (1902 USD, equal to $ 7.75 today). A person traveling on foot did not have to pay to cross

3157-511: The heaviest rain seen in New York City in over 50 years, totaling 5.32 in (135 mm) within a 20-hour span. Large areas of the city were flooded, inundating subways and thousands of houses. About 100,000 people lost power in the city. High winds and tides from the storm cancelled ferry service, and forced LaGuardia Airport to temporarily shut down after flooding reached 1 ft (0.30 m) deep. Flooding washed out

Skinners Falls–Milanville Bridge - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-471: The highest stage on record. More than 100 traffic accidents occurred in Washington D.C. due to slick roads; one accident killed four people, after a car was sideswiped and knocked into a swollen creek where the occupants drowned. The combination of strong winds and high waves wrecked a 125 ft (38 m) schooner in the Chesapeake Bay named the Levin J. Marvel . The 64-year old boat

3311-594: The hill. They’d say: ‘Let’er shoot out.’” Rafts were assembled in sections. Each section was made up of round or squared timbers, all of the same length except for the outside, or “boom logs,” which extended aft a few feet to enclose the following section. Thus the sections were coupled together. A fairly typical raft would be one of three, four or five sections, each section having timbers twenty to thirty feet in length. Most rafts were made up of squared timbers, either hewn square by hand or sawn square by upcountry sawmills. Some timbers were carefully, smoothly hewn, and there

3388-448: The hurricane moved ashore reached 100 mph (160 km/h), although it was uncertain whether the gust was estimated or measured. Frying Pan Shoals , located offshore, reported a gust of 92 mph (148 km/h). The hurricane produced tides up to 8 ft (2.4 m) above normal while moving slowly ashore, which resulted in significant beach erosion . Tides were higher at Swansboro, North Carolina than during Hurricane Hazel

3465-485: The island, Connie destroyed 60 homes and caused crop damage. After affecting Puerto Rico, Connie reached maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (230 km/h), and a barometric pressure of 944 mbar (27.9 inHg), as observed by the Hurricane Hunters on August 7. The hurricane later weakened, slowed its forward motion, and turned to the north, striking North Carolina on August 12 as

3542-506: The island, and one person was electrocuted due to Connie's passage. The hurricane also destroyed a few shacks and boats on Saint Thomas. In Puerto Rico, high winds and waves destroyed 60 poorly-built houses. Connie also damaged crops and utilities in Puerto Rico. Later, San Salvador Island in the Bahamas reported winds of 24 mph (39 km/h). Hurricane Connie produced hurricane-force winds in North Carolina and Virginia. Across

3619-472: The issues eventually reached the state capital of New York, Albany . The attorney of the Cochecton Bridge, John Anderson, went to the capital to fight the construction of the bridge. The most noticed objection to the companies was that the bridge under construction could only handle one lane of traffic, increasing the necessity of the other two bridges for people in a hurry. Objections decreased with

3696-680: The lowest in association with the hurricane. Based on the observations, the Hurricane Research Division estimated maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (230 km/h), making Connie a Category 4 hurricane. The hurricane progressed northwestward, passing northeast of The Bahamas . The eye grew in size, and the combination of upwelling and cooler air resulted in weakening. Connie fell below major hurricane status on August 9. A building ridge to its northeast, as well as some interaction with developing Hurricane Diane to its southeast, caused Connie to move slower toward

3773-493: The northern coast of Puerto Rico, the threat of Connie forced 40,000 people to evacuate their homes. After Connie affected Puerto Rico, a storm warning was issued for the northern coast of the Dominican Republic , and a hurricane warning was issued for the eastern Bahamas. While Connie was meandering in the western Atlantic Ocean, its potential track posed problems for forecasters, due to its slow movement near

3850-455: The other hand, rafting requires wider waterflows. Timber rafts were also used as a means of transportation of people and goods, both raw materials ( ore , fur , game ) and man-made. Theophrastus ( Hist. Plant. 5.8.2) records how the Romans imported Corsican timber by way of a huge raft propelled by as many as fifty masts and sails . This practice used to be common in many parts of

3927-778: The outages. Manville declared a state of emergency that lasted for 19.5 hours, after three nearby rivers exceeded their banks. A nun in Tenafly required rescue from a trapped elevator during a power outage. Flooding closed portions of the White Horse Pike and other roads near Camden , causing traffic jams. There were also six deaths in neighboring Pennsylvania – four due to traffic accidents, and two people in their cars swept away by floods. Rainfall reached 9 in (230 mm) in southeastern Pennsylvania, with 4.83 in (123 mm) recorded in Philadelphia over

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4004-469: The previous October, and many piers that were rebuilt after Hazel were damaged or again destroyed by Connie. The storm surge flooded low-lying portions of Wilmington . High waves in advance of the storm flooded coastal roads along the Outer Banks. Rainfall amounts of over 10 in (250 mm) in the area west of where Connie made landfall. Stream flooding occurred as far inland as Raleigh , but

4081-423: The previous year. As Connie progressed northward, it continued to drop significant amounts of precipitation. Totals of over 10 in (250 mm) were reported on both sides of Chesapeake Bay, in Pennsylvania, and in southeastern New York. Rainfall in Richmond, Virginia totaled 8.79 in (223 mm) on August 12, breaking the day's precipitation record. Severe river flooding occurred in Virginia, from

4158-412: The river to the second story level of Milanville homes. This, along with local opposition, caused a short delay in construction. Other than local opposition, the company owners for the nearby Narrowsburg–Darbytown Bridge and Cochecton–Damascus Bridge , complained about the competition of a bridge just 3 miles (4.8 km) apart from each. The owners said that the bridge was unnecessary, and

4235-514: The same area, but instead of continuing to the northwest it turned to the northeast. Diane produced further rainfall in already wet areas from Connie. Damage from Diane totaled at least $ 700 million, and six states were declared federal disaster areas from the combined hurricanes' impact; this allowed federal assistance for the affected areas. Immediately after the storm, the U.S. Small Business Administration authorized low-interest loans for homes and businesses affected by Connie. The loss of

4312-446: The southeast United States coastline. On August 7, a hurricane warning was issued from North Carolina to Norfolk, Virginia , with a hurricane alert issued farther north to New York City. The Weather Bureau later extended the hurricane warnings to Delaware Breakwater , with storm warnings farther northeast to Provincetown, Massachusetts . The alert for North Carolina was up for about three days until Connie moved inland. Ahead of

4389-537: The storm dropped 2.56 in (65 mm) of rainfall near the Great Lakes. In Burlington , 27 boats were destroyed, and one fisherman drowned in Lake Erie after his boat sank during the storm. Two other people drowned in the province. Connie destroyed six houses and damaged several others due to high waves. The storm also caused power outages and damage to the tobacco crop. Late in the storm's path through

4466-751: The storm, the United States military flew its planes away from the coast to safer shelters further inland. Two people were killed when they crashed the Navy plane they were evacuating. Large Naval ships rode out the storm at sea, while smaller vessels anchored in Tangier . More than 100 merchant vessels from a dozen counties anchored in the waters of Hampton Roads, or while small boats were secured at port. The American Red Cross opened at least 79 shelters, and mobilized 41 officials with hurricane experience. The Coast Guard ordered four towns along beaches to evacuate, and overall about 14,000 people evacuated

4543-520: The structure. This decision was different compared to the other bridges, which made it separate. Another decision was that ministers were not tolled so they could better serve their communities. However, when one minister began to abuse the special privilege, he was charged $ 0.05 for crossing. The tollhouse for collection was in Milanville and was run by the Dexter family. Just two years after opening,

4620-549: The tragedy, the lack of riverside forests made it hard for timber rafting to prosper and in 1914, they closed their doors. With the opening of the New York – Pennsylvania Joint Bridge Commission, a predecessor of the current Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission , in the 1920s to buy out these bridges from private ownership, the tolls along the bridges of the Delaware were beginning to come to an end. The Commission offered

4697-560: The various features and hazards along their route down the Atamaha. Among the many "riverman monikers" was Old Hell Bight , where the river marks the border between Long County to the north and Wayne County to the south, and is a particularly troublesome bend, with associated dangerous currents, where a pilot and crew might lose "their wages, their timber, and occasionally their lives" Most rafts were sharp-chute, that is, V-bowed, rather than square-bowed. Raftsmen had learned that with

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4774-572: The watercourse. Rocky and windy rivers saw rafts of simple, yet sometimes smart, construction. For example, the front parts of the logs were joined together by wooden bars, while the rear parts were loosely roped together. The resulting slack allowed for easy adaptation for narrow and windy waterbeds. Wide and quiet rivers, like the Mississippi River , allowed huge rafts to travel in caravans and even be chained into strings. These type of constructed log rafts used for timber rafting over long distances by waterways to markets of large populations appeared on

4851-461: The west-northwest. On August 10, the hurricane turned to the north as it moved toward the southeast United States coast. On August 12, Connie restrengthened slightly, reaching a secondary peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h). The hurricane made landfall near Fort Macon State Park in North Carolina at that intensity around 15:00  UTC . Hurricane Connie weakened as it moved through eastern North Carolina. The storm approached

4928-411: The widest that could pass between the pilings of railroad bridges. Maximum length was about 250 feet (76 m), that being the longest that could navigate The Narrows, several miles of the river that were not only very narrow but also very crooked. Each raft had two oars forty to fifty feet long, one in the bow, the other at the stern. The oars were for steering, not propelling, the raft. The minimum raft crew

5005-480: The world, especially North America and on all main rivers of Germany. Timber rafting allowed for connecting large continental forests, as in south western Germany, via Main, Neckar, Danube and Rhine with the coastal cities and states. Early modern forestry and remote trading were closely connected. Large pines in the black forest were called "Holländer," as they were traded to the Netherlands. Large timber rafts on

5082-699: Was 13.24 in (336 mm) at Fort Schuyler in New York.Connie's rains preceded additional rainfall from Hurricane Diane just four days later, which together caused widespread flooding. Along Connie's western periphery, the rainbands spawned at least six tornadoes, of which five in South Carolina and one in North Carolina. Damage from Connie in the United States was estimated at $ 86,065,000, mostly in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. When Connie struck North Carolina, it produced sustained winds of 72 mph (116 km/h) in Morehead City , with gusts to 83 mph (134 km/h). Wind gusts near where

5159-411: Was a demand for them, especially in England, after steam sawmilling became common. On the Altamaha, for many years during the rafting era, most rafts were made up of “scab” timber, that is, logs roughly squared by broad ax for tighter assembly and for gang sawmills which could cut flat-face timber only. Although, on the Altamaha, there was rafting to some extent before the Civil War and after World War I,

5236-414: Was beneficial Delaware due to prior drought conditions. Wind gusts in the state reached 60 mph (97 km/h) on a control tower at the New Castle County Airport . The storm spawned a waterspout in Bethany Beach , which knocked off the roofs of a dozen homes, caused a six-hour power outage, and caused a minor injury when a teenager was flown 60 ft (18 m). The rains caused flooding that

5313-497: Was described as "inconsequential" by the United States Geological Survey , due to preceding drought conditions. There were six storm deaths in New Jersey – one by drowning, one by electrocution, and four in traffic accidents. The winds and rains knocked down trees and power lines, leaving about 180,000 people without power, and about 20,000 people without phone service. Nearly every police and fire department in Bergen County , along with over 500 electricians, responded to

5390-441: Was described as "unseaworthy" when it left from Annapolis, Maryland , and capsized near Fairhaven . Of the 23 passengers and four crew members, 14 people drowned, making it "one of the worst maritime calamities in the history of Tidewater Maryland", as described by The Baltimore Sun . The other passengers were later rescued after holding onto wreckage. Farther from the storm's immediate landfall, Connie's precipitation

5467-434: Was from crop damage. There were 27 deaths in the state related to Connie, including traffic deaths, drownings, people in damaged buildings, and electrocutions. In South Carolina to the south of the center, the hurricane destroyed 40 buildings in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina . Connie also damaged fishing piers, breakwaters , and housing shingles. Newspapers considered the damage "mild" compared to that from Hazel

5544-459: Was known more locally as Skinners Falls. Upstream from the falls along the Delaware, another member of the Skinner family, Milton L. Skinner, operated a private ferry across the river between Pennsylvania and New York. Along with his brother, Volney, Milton Skinner also operated a local sawmill in Pennsylvania. For many years, these two rivermen remained prominent in the area. The idea to construct

5621-472: Was most significant near the coast. Along the Pamlico River in Washington , National Guardsmen were ordered to help about 1,000 people evacuate during the storm. Outer rainbands knocked out power lines in coastal North Carolina. Flooding-induced rainfall closed U.S. Route 17 near New Bern . Throughout North Carolina, the hurricane caused about $ 40 million in damage, of which about 75%

5698-426: Was open to traffic, again serving one vehicle in one direction at a time. The bridge closed in 2019. On November 8, PennDOT announced that the bridge would be dismantled due to safety concerns for river-goers that would pass under the bridge. A metal brace had come loose under the bridge, resulting to this condition. PennDOT stated they would retain all the parts of the bridge for future use, but there are concerns

5775-657: Was postponed due to the storm. Dozens of flights in and out of the New York area were canceled due to weather conditions. The storm also prompted the Canadian Army to halt military exercises. As the hurricane passed north of the Lesser Antilles, the outer rainbands of Connie produced wind gusts as high as 104 mph (167 km/h) on Tortola in the British Virgin Islands . On Anguilla , sustained winds reached 51 mph (82 km/h). Wind gusts reached 46 mph (74 km/h) in Puerto Rico and

5852-510: Was transported by floating, down the current of the rivers, which required the work of cages and log drivers ( Cajeux - Draveurs ). The first types of trees cut were — Pin blanc L. — Pinus strobus . — White pine (eastern white pine)., shipped to Great Britain . While the more technically challenging log driving down rivers declined from the 1960s and mostly ended by the early 21th century, timber rafting has continued to some degree along lakes. UPM and Metsähallitus continue timber rafting in

5929-491: Was two men, the pilot who usually manned the stern oar, and his bow hand. Rafts usually had a lean-to shack for shelter and a mound of dirt for a hearth to warm by and cook on. The timber rafts on the Altamaha delivered logs to the port of Brunswick, Georgia , where they were loaded onto timber schooners and transported to international markets like Liverpool , Rio de Janeiro , and Havana . Rivermen assigned colorful names to

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