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43-656: Prior to the building of the CP across the prairies in the early 1880s, this part of Canada was accessed via the Macleod–Benton Trail from the Missouri River . The trail crossed the boundary about 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Coutts. In 1890, the Galt group built a Coutts– Lethbridge, Alberta , narrow gauge railway . That year, a customs office opened using a room in the train station. In 1891, administrative oversight

86-474: A 7-gun battery under the former name, but were split up in 1903, probably for improved fire control . The American entry into World War I brought many changes to Fort Hamilton, as at most other coast defense installations. Numerous temporary buildings were constructed to house the influx of new recruits, draftees, and units in training prior to deployment overseas. As the Coast Artillery was one of

129-583: A blockade on the Canadian side of the crossing. Farmers in solidarity with the Canada convoy protest also protested against the government's COVID-19 public health measures . Protesters refused to dismantle this blockade and allegedly assaulted Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). On February 1, after the RCMP created a roadblock on Highway 4, a protester driving at high speed hit a passenger vehicle and assaulted

172-471: A rare feature in US forts, projected into the ditch to defend it against attack. Two smaller caponiers enclosed the ends of the ditch, projecting off the seacoast front. The fort's sally port was in the middle of this front. A square redoubt with its own ditch was located behind the fort to provide an initial landward defense position. Though references to the structure as Fort Hamilton occur as early as 1826, it

215-558: A resident. The protester allegedly had tried to ram RCMP members, which led to the collision with a civilian vehicle. On February 2, after five days of disruption, protesters moved vehicles to the shoulders, opening a lane in both directions. The RCMP discouraged travel to the area. That day, protesters held a meeting in the Smugglers Saloon with their lawyer Chad Williamson and rural United Conservative Party MLAs . Whoop-Up Trail The Whoop-Up Trail , also known as

258-538: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fort Hamilton Fort Hamilton is a United States Army installation in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn , surrounded by the communities of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights . It is one of several posts that are part of the region which is headquartered by the Military District of Washington . Its mission

301-468: Is featured prominently in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit season 19 episode 18, titled "Service". Fort Hamilton is the setting for nearly all of Nelson DeMille 's novel Word of Honor . In The Lords of Flatbush , Jane Bradshaw's ( Susan Blakely ) father (Bill van Sleet) is an Army officer newly assigned to Fort Hamilton. Jane's parents tell her on their way out to dinner that they can be reached at

344-481: Is listed in the National Register of Historic Places . This station was replaced around 1979 with a single-story brick building when US Route 91 was replaced by I-15 a few feet to the west. This later building has since been demolished. The United States Department of Agriculture 's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) operates at this crossing, one of three main points where all meat products cross

387-665: Is to provide the New York metropolitan area with military installation support for the Army National Guard and the United States Army Reserve . The original fort was completed in 1831, with major additions made in the 1870s and 1900s. However, all defenses except about half of the original fort have been demolished or buried. On July 4, 1776, a small American battery (the Narrows Fort) on

430-609: Is under Installation Management Command headquartered at Fort Sam Houston, TX. The construction of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in the early 1960s did away with several historic structures, including Fort Lafayette , which was located near the Brooklyn shore where the bridge tower now rises from the water. During the same period, efforts toward saving the historical heritage of the Narrows increased. Part of

473-581: The Belt Parkway . The following Regular Army units were established at Fort Hamilton: In the 1960s, Fort Hamilton also served as the home for the United States Army Chaplain School as it moved from the recently closed Fort Slocum . Hundreds of Army, Army Reserve and Army National Guard Chaplains and their assistants were trained here for active duty and reserve ministries to soldiers and their dependents. The school

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516-660: The Fort at Willets Point and the Fort at Sandy Hook . Lieutenant Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson also served at Fort Hamilton, and Captain Abner Doubleday served as the post commander in 1861, shortly after serving at Fort Sumter during the bombardment that started the Civil War. During the Civil War, Fort Hamilton's garrison expanded. A ship barrier across the Narrows assisted Fort Hamilton and its sister forts on Staten Island , now called Fort Wadsworth , in protecting

559-573: The Macleod-Benton Trail was a wagon road that connected Fort Benton , Montana , to Fort Hamilton , Alberta . The trail was initially a trade route between Montana and the southern region of Alberta, which was then known as Rupert's Land and originally controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company . In 1869, negotiations were taking place to transfer political control to Canada. Several American traders took advantage of lack of policing in

602-663: The New York City Marathon ), in the greater N.Y. area, including Long Island, New York City, as well as parts of New Jersey , along with the 26th Army Band unit that was similar to the Old Guard in Washington, D.C. A Civil War-era experimental 20-inch Rodman gun , one of two remaining and the largest gun produced by either side in that period, is in John Paul Jones Park immediately north of

645-602: The Presidio of San Francisco , the last 6-inch disappearing guns outside of the Philippines. Battery Griffin's pair of 3-inch M1898 guns was removed in 1920, part of a withdrawal from service of some gun types. In 1921 two long-range batteries of 12-inch guns were completed at Fort Hancock, New Jersey , and by 1924 the installation of 16-inch guns at Fort Tilden relegated Fort Hamilton to the second line of New York's coast defenses. In 1937 Battery Neary's pair of 12-inch guns

688-891: The Army's few sources of trained personnel, the branch was chosen to operate almost all US-manned heavy and railway artillery in that war, most of which was French- or British-made. Most personnel at the forts were transferred to new heavy artillery regiments. Also, several of Fort Hamilton's guns were dismounted for potential service on the Western Front ; however, very few Army Coast Artillery weapons were actually used in that war, due to shipping priorities and extensive training. Battery Spear's three 10-inch guns were dismounted for potential use as railway artillery. The eight 6-inch guns of Batteries Burke and Mendenhall were dismounted for potential use on field carriages. Two of these guns, along with four of Battery Piper's 12-inch mortars, were used as

731-539: The Artillery District of New York, renamed in 1913 as the Coast Defenses of Southern New York . The following table shows the gun batteries completed at Fort Hamilton from 1898 to 1905. In most cases references do not indicate the precise model of gun or carriage at a particular battery, or the batteries' namesakes: Several batteries (Burke, Johnston, Brown, and Griffin) were directly in front of

774-819: The Bronx ; and Brooklyn Army Terminal , Brooklyn Navy Yard and Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn. At present, U.S. Army Fort Hamilton Garrison is the home of the New York City Recruiting Battalion, the Military Entrance Processing Station, the North Atlantic Division Headquarters of the United States Army Corps of Engineers , the 1179th Transportation Brigade and the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron,

817-600: The Endicott Board, recommended sweeping improvements to US coast defenses, with a new generation of modern breech-loading rifled guns and numerous new gun batteries. Most of the Board's recommendations were adopted as the Endicott program, and that included major changes and improvements for Fort Hamilton. More than half of the old fort was demolished to make room for new concrete gun batteries. Fort Hamilton became part of

860-493: The Spanish–American War in 1898; they were British guns purchased because most of the Endicott program was still years from completion. The 4.72-inch/45 caliber guns were transferred to Fort Kamehameha , Hawaii in 1913 to concentrate this type of weapon in one area. Battery Livingston was also an unusual combination of two disappearing 6-inch guns and two guns on pedestal mounts. Batteries Gillmore and Spear were originally

903-665: The U.S. Army's contribution to preserving this heritage is in the Harbor Defense Museum at Fort Hamilton. The original fort later became the Officers' Club and now houses the Community Club. The caponier , a miniature fort guarding the main fort's gate, now houses the Harbor Defense Museum . Other notable landmarks include the Robert E. Lee House, where Lee, then a captain, resided while post engineer of

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946-521: The US Army after Napoleon's defeat in 1815. Six years and a half million dollars later, the fort was ready to receive its garrison, initially Battery F of the 4th US Artillery . Fort Hamilton (now the Casemate Fort, Whiting Quadrangle ) was designed primarily as a landward defense for Fort Lafayette , although it had a sea-facing front as well. Fort Lafayette was offshore on Hendricks Reef, and

989-500: The area and set up trading posts . In addition to their usual trade with the Blackfeet of goods such as guns, metal implements and blankets, they began trading adulterated alcohol known as "firewater". Several posts were established and one of the earliest was Fort Hamilton , in 1869, which burnt down and was replaced by another in 1870, near Lethbridge, Alberta , which later became known as Fort Whoop-Up . This trade continued until

1032-668: The arrival of the North-West Mounted Police , in October 1874, when it was considerably curtailed by their establishment of Fort Macleod . After that, the Whoop Up trail continued to be the main supply route from Fort Benton into the north for more legitimate goods. The arrival of the railways in the 1880s ended its usefulness. This Montana state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Southern Alberta location article

1075-549: The border from Western Canada. In the fall of 2020, after several months of cross border travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the governments of Alberta and Canada announced a pilot program. Essential workers and Canadian citizens entering Canada through this and one other crossing needed to quarantine for only 48 hours instead of the usual 14 days if a COVID test was negative. In January 2022, protesting truck drivers "demanding an end to pandemic restrictions" created

1118-478: The early 1950s, a new larger highways customs facility was built. In 2004, the US and Canada completed a CA$ 43   million joint border inspection station which houses the agencies of both countries. In 1890, the Galt group built a Sweetgrass–Great Falls narrow gauge railway, facilitating the transport of coal from Lethbridge to Great Falls. In 1936, the US built an elaborate Georgian Revival border station, which

1161-650: The first batteries of Fort Tilden in nearby Far Rockaway, Queens . The removal of half of the mortars was also part of a forcewide program to improve the rate of fire of the remaining mortars. None of the weapons removed from Fort Hamilton in World War I were returned to the fort. The end of World War I also meant more changes for Fort Hamilton. Around 1920 Battery Livingston's pair of 6-inch disappearing guns were transferred to West Point to be used for training cadets. These two guns are preserved today at Fort Pickens near Pensacola, Florida and Battery Chamberlin at

1204-496: The fort's armaments, and Captain Robert E. Lee , then an officer of the Army Corps of Engineers , was assigned the task of improving the defenses of the fort as well as those of other military installations in the area. Lee served as Fort Hamilton's post engineer from 1841 to 1846 and is credited with the initial design of several subsequent New York-area forts, notably the rebuilt Fort Richmond and Fort Tompkins , along with

1247-414: The fort. Numerous shells for this weapon are displayed on the fort grounds. An ex-Navy 12"/45 caliber Mark V Mod 8 gun is also displayed on post, representative of the type of weapon the fort had in the Endicott era. In Marvel Comics , the second issue of G.I. Joe (1982) has a primary character reporting that Cobra prisoners will be delivered to the stockade located on Fort Hamilton. Fort Hamilton

1290-571: The garrison, and Colonels' Row, six historic townhouses that used to house senior officers. All of these structures are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . In the 2000s, the historic parade field that once lay behind the old New York Area Command (NYAC) Headquarters Building and the Military Personnel Office, former site of numerous ceremonies and festivities, was developed into swiftly built privatized housing. The historic flag pole and cannon are still present at

1333-527: The harbor against the possibility of Confederate raiders. The forts also provided troops to help put down the New York Draft Riots of 1863. Fort Hamilton also served as a prisoner-of-war camp , and an exterior "New Battery" of guns was added. Rifled cannon made vertical-walled masonry fortifications obsolete during the Civil War . The first response of the US coast defense forces to this

Sweetgrass–Coutts Border Crossing - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-482: The importance of coastal defense (since the British burned parts of Washington, DC) and helped to promote a new round of fort building. The new forts, including Fort Hamilton, were eventually termed the third system of US seacoast forts . The cornerstone for Fort Hamilton was set in place by its designer, Simon Bernard , on June 11, 1825. Bernard was previously a French military engineer under Napoleon, who had joined

1419-497: The latter organization being a geographically separated unit (GSU) of the 439th Airlift Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command . Fort Hamilton also supports many Army Reserve and New York Army National Guard units, These Army National Guard units include the 133d Quartermaster Company, Company C/642d Aviation Support Battalion, 222d Chemical Company, and the 107th Military Police Company. Currently Fort Hamilton

1462-399: The remains of the old fort, with Battery Griffin in front of and below the others. The other batteries extended in a line southeast of the old fort, with Battery Piper, the mortar battery, well to the rear of the line. Battery Griffin seems to have been designed as a mixed battery of two each M1898 and M1903 3-inch guns. The 4.72-inch guns of this battery were hastily added after the outbreak of

1505-488: The site of today's Fort Hamilton (the east side of the Narrows ) fired into one of the British men-of-war convoying troops to suppress the American Revolution . HMS Asia suffered damage and casualties, but opposition to the immense fleet could be little more than symbolic. However, this very significant event marked one of the earliest uses of the site for military purposes. The War of 1812 underscored

1548-793: The site, near the old headquarters building and across from the Post Exchange barber shop. In 2007, the historic brick barracks, located on the plot of land within Pershing Loop on the eastern portion of the base, which formerly housed the New York Area Command's Ceremonial Platoon and Military Police Company, was demolished. The ceremonial platoon, consisting of only infantrymen, once performed funeral honors and ceremonial functions (such as deployment as color guards in New York City parades, or firing cannons to start

1591-579: Was a series of new batteries, with guns in open positions behind low earth walls and brick magazines with heavy earth cover between the guns. Most of these were located near existing forts. In 1871 construction began at Fort Hamilton on an 8-gun water battery and a 15-gun mortar battery, but the latter was never completed or armed. Money for these projects ran out in the late 1870s, and US coast defense languished, with few improvements completed for nearly 20 years. The 1885 Board of Fortifications , chaired by Secretary of War William C. Endicott and also called

1634-547: Was at the fort during the war. Shortly after World War II it was decided that gun coast defenses were obsolete. In 1948, the last coast defense gun was removed from Fort Hamilton. A battery of four 120 mm M1 guns was at the fort 1952-54, part of the Cold War air defense system. In the late 1950s and early 1960s the now-disused gun batteries were demolished or buried for the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and

1677-455: Was demolished in the 1960s to make room for the eastern tower of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge . Fort Hamilton was in the shape of a trapezoid, with the wide side facing the Narrows and the narrow side facing inland. It had two tiers of cannon all around: a casemated tier inside the fort and a barbette tier on the roof. Loopholes for muskets were provided on the three landward sides. A dry ditch also protected these three sides. A caponier ,

1720-619: Was later moved across the Narrows to Fort Wadsworth , and still later to Fort Jackson , South Carolina where it now resides. Fort Hamilton is the only active-duty DoD military post in New York City. Fort Hamilton was once a sister fortification to Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island. The two forts were part of a system of military installations in New York City, including Fort Tilden and Fort Totten in Queens ; Fort Wood and Governors Island in Manhattan ; Hart Island and Fort Schuyler in

1763-581: Was not officially named for the former Senior Officer of the United States Army and first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton , until the twentieth century. In 1839 the Federal government gave permission to New York State 's 27th Regiment to drill at the fort, thus qualifying it as the nation's first National Guard training camp. The following year, it allocated $ 20,000 to improve

Sweetgrass–Coutts Border Crossing - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-607: Was removed. In World War II Fort Hamilton primarily served as a mobilization center, as it had in World War I. Except for the two remaining 6-inch pedestal guns of Battery Livingston and the pair of 3-inch guns at Battery Griffin, the remaining guns were gradually scrapped; the pair of 16-inch guns at the Highlands Military Reservation in New Jersey along with Fort Tilden superseded the older defenses. An anti-aircraft battery, probably of 90 mm guns ,

1849-528: Was transferred from Fort McLeod to the Port of Lethbridge. Oversight moved to the Port of Calgary in 1896, returning to Lethbridge in 1899. A combined customs office/residence building was completed in 1912. The status was upgraded to Port of Coutts in 1936. With the completion of the Calgary– Great Falls, Montana , highway in the mid-1940s, freight and passenger travel largely shifted from rail to highway. In

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