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34-651: In the geomorphological system, it is a part of the Fatra-Tatra Area . It is situated approximately among the towns of Ružomberok , Harmanec , Turčianske Teplice and Martin . The Turiec Basin and the Lesser Fatra mountains are situated to the north west of the range and the Low Tatras mountains are in the east. It can be divided into seven parts: Šípska Fatra, Šiprúň, Lysec, Hôľna Fatra, Revúcke podolie, Zvolen and Bralná Fatra . The highest mountain

68-508: A certified mountain guide. Camping is subject to similar restrictions. Rangers and some mountain guides are authorized to collect fines on the spot. Cairns that hikers build to mark the trail are periodically taken apart. The effects of high-altitude weather on those who ascend Gerlachovský štít may be more pronounced than its altitude alone. The temperature gradient between the Tatra mountain resorts (900–1,350 m or 2,950–4,430 ft) and

102-511: A challenging alpine climb, with mixed climbing and a risk of avalanches. Two multi-pitch routes for technical climbing are on the eastern and south-western walls. Both are exceptionally long and situated on solid granite walls. The route to Gerlachovský štít falls under the Tatra National Park ordinance, according to which hikers who depart from marked trails may be subject to fines unless they are UIAA members, or are led by

136-407: A map from 1762. The Slovak name of the mountain was first recorded as Kotol , also meaning "Cauldron", in 1821. Both names referred to the peak's characteristic cauldron-like cirque . Its current name became widely used in the 19th century, and links the mountain to the village of Gerlachov ( Carpathian German : Gerlsdorf)) at its foot. The name Gerlsdorfer Spitze (Gerlachov Peak) was used by

170-665: Is Gerlach . The Polish official names are Gerlach or Gierlach , while its Polish colloquial names are Girlach and Garłuch. The name of the village of Gerlachov itself is of German origin, because the Spiš region around the High Tatra Mountains in Slovakia used to be inhabited by German settlers for several centuries. The peak's earliest recorded name was the Szepes - German Kösselberg (Cauldron Mountain) on

204-676: Is Ostredok at 1,596 m (5,236 ft). Other notable summits of the largest Hôľna Fatra part are Krížna at 1,574.3 m (5,165 ft) and Ploská at 1,532.1 m (5,027 ft), where the main ridge divides into two. The western Turiec Ridge ( Slovak : Turčiansky hrebeň ) includes, for example, Borišov at 1,509.5 m (4,952 ft), and the eastern Liptov Ridge ( Slovak : Liptovský hrebeň ) includes, for example, Rakytov at 1,567.0 m (5,141.1 ft). Bralná Fatra includes Tlstá at 1,373.3 m (4,506 ft) and Ostrá at 1,247.0 m (4,091.2 ft) summits. The Zvolen massif (1,402.5 m (4,601 ft)) connects

238-461: Is formed by resistant limestone and dolomite with rocky walls and reefs. The ridges are usually separated by canyon-like valleys. The most important ones are Gader Valley ( Gaderská dolina ) and Blatnica Valley ( Blatnická dolina ). The longest valley is the Ľubochňa Valley ( Ľubochnianska dolina ) at 25 km. Numerous karst formations are located in this area and the Harmanec Cave

272-657: Is not exactly known. Choč Nappe is considered as rootless nappe. After the end of main Eo-Alpine orogenic movement, the area of Western Carpathians was still not so mountainous. In the Paleogene subsidence along the normal faults caused formation of grabens - intra-mountain Inner Carpathian Paleogene Basin and horsts present day mountain ranges. In the Neogene, further orogene movement in

306-524: Is one of the best known caves in Slovakia. Nearly 90% of the area is covered by forests – beech and beech- fir forests, in some places replaced by spruce plantations and relics of pines . The area of Harmanec is the richest yew -tree site in Europe. The original natural upper borderline of forests was lowered during the Wallachian colonization. There are many extensive upland pastures, where cattle

340-612: Is raised in the summer. Most of the area was protected by the Veľká Fatra Protected Landscape Area since 1973, and the most valuable parts are included in the Veľká Fatra National Park since 2002. The rest of the former protected landscape area serves as a buffer zone now. The ruins of Blatnický and Sklabinský castles are located in this area. Also, the traditional architecture of Vlkolínec (a UNESCO's World Heritage Site ) and Liptovské Revúce and

374-585: Is the highest peak in the High Tatras , in Slovakia , and in the Carpathian Mountains . Its elevation is usually listed at 2654.4 m above mean sea level . The mountain features a vertical rise of approximately 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above the valley floor. Mistaken for an average mountain in the rugged High Tatras range in the more distant past, it has since played a symbolic role in

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408-586: The Branisko . The southern boundary of Area is the Čertovica line , south of which is the Vepor Belt . The Tatra-Fatra Belt consists of Tatric alpine crystalline basement and its autochthonous sedimentary cover, over which the Subtatric nappes ( Fatric and Hronic ) were thrust. The name core mountains is derived from the structural element, resistant crystalline basement rocks , preserved in

442-627: The Gerlachovský štít at 2,655 m (8,711 ft), lies in the High Tatras range which belongs to this area. The Fatra-Tatra Area is from the northern side bounded by Pieniny Klippen Belt . Mountains of the area are located in two ranges. The external range consists of Hainburg Hills , Malé Karpaty (Pezinok part), Považský Inovec , Strážovské vrchy , Malá Fatra , Tatras ( Western , High and Belianske Tatry ). Inner range consists of Tribeč , Žiar , Veľká Fatra , Chočské vrchy , Ďumbier part of Nízke Tatry and massif of Smrekovica in

476-619: The Velická próba and down the Batizovská próba named after their respective valleys, are protected by chains. Because of an exposed section along the Velická próba and tricky orientation especially on the ridge, both are among the more difficult scrambling routes in the High Tatras. With no snow, guidebooks grade the routes as a II or III climb ( UIAA scale ) or lower. The route named Martinkova begins at Poľský hrebeň and leads to

510-636: The greenschist and amphibolite facies (forming large amount of paragneisses and amphibolites , only locally orthogneisses , phyllites and mica schists ). Regional and contact metamorphism was induced also by intrusions of granites , which accompanied the Hercynian collision (generally in the Carboniferous ). Basement rocks were later exposed due to erosion and at the end of the Paleozoic affected by marine transgression that lasted till

544-633: The Ľubochňa and Turčianske Teplice spas can be found here. Fatra-Tatra Area The Fatra-Tatra Area (in geomorphology) or the Tatra-Fatra Belt of core mountains (in geology) is a part of the Inner Western Carpathians , a subprovince of the Western Carpathians . Most of the area lies in Slovakia with small parts reaching into Austria and Poland . The highest summit of the whole Carpathians,

578-721: The Tatric. These nappes are generally composed of limestone , marl , dolomite and less by sandstones and slates . The lower nappes is called Krížna Nappe (or the Fatric ) and the upper is Choč Nappe (or the Hronic ). Krížňa Nappe is dominantly composed of rock, that were formed in the Zliechov basin. It was situated in the Fatric area between the Tatric and Veporic units. Fatric had

612-581: The Veľká Fatra Range with the Low Tatra Range. One of the largest ski resorts in Slovakia - Skipark Ružomberok and Donovaly - lies beneath it. There are several other tourist and skiing resorts in the range. A considerable part of the range is made of various Mesozoic rocks. The central part and the main ridge are made up of non-resistant rocks ( slates ) and the relief is softly modeled (Ploská, Ostredok). The southern and south-western part

646-545: The core of horsts , often forming the highest peaks of the mountains. The basement of the core mountains is formed by the Tatric Unit, which is composed of dominantly hercynian metamorphic and igneous rocks and locally also a sedimentary cover of various thickness. In the Paleozoic clastic and volcanoclastic sediments deposited in the area, but later during Hercynian orogeny , sediments were metamorphosed in

680-565: The crystalline schists and granites of the Tatric. Similar fold and thrust model of origin is known from the other areas of alpine system. In the English terminology, similar model is called Fault-block mountain , it is typical in the area of Basin and Range . Gerlachovsk%C3%BD %C5%A1t%C3%ADt Gerlachovský štít ( Slovak pronunciation , translated into English as Gerlachov Peak , German: Gerlsdorfer Spitze , Hungarian: Gerlachfalvi-csúcs ), informally referred to as Gerlach ,

714-626: The end of Mesozoic . During this period sedimentary rocks , known as Tatric cover units , deposited. They generally consists of clastic and carbonate rocks . In the Upper Cretaceous area of Tatric Unit, was affected by Eo-Alpine of Alpine Orogeny , that caused movement of large masses of rocks to the North and Northeast. To the South of the Tatric area a 2 superficial nappes , so called Subtatric Nappes , were detached and thrust over

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748-467: The external part of Carpathian arc caused formation of back-arc Pannonian Basin . Northern branches of Pannonian Basin were penetrating the Tatra-Fatra Area and formed inter-mountain basins. Simultaneously with the immersion of the horsts, ongoing and intense erosion is denuding the mountains and supplies the basin with clastic sediments. Among all of the rocks, the most erosion resistant were

782-524: The eyes of the rulers and populations of several Central European nations, to the point that between the 19th and mid-20th century, it had four different names with six name reversals. Due to geopolitical changes, it was successively the highest mountain of the Kingdom of Hungary , and of Czechoslovakia , Slovakia and then Czechoslovakia again within the span of less than three decades of the 20th century. Gerlachovský štít shares its geology and ecology with

816-604: The first person to identify the mountain as the highest peak in the Tatras in 1838; this was rendered as gerlachovský chochol (Gerlach crest) in a Slovak version of his report in 1851. Several other mountains in the High Tatras have acquired their names from villages in the foothills. Once it was determined that the mountain was the highest point in the region, the succession of the authorities that held control over it took an interest in its name and changed it periodically for symbolic reasons. In 1896, as part of Austria-Hungary , it

850-484: The highest peak was the forester Ľudovít (Ludwig) Greiner in 1838. Greiner's measurement was formally confirmed by an Austrian Army survey party in 1868. However, it was generally accepted only after the Vienna Military Institute for Geography issued a new, authoritative collection of maps of Central Europe in c.  1875 . The first confirmed ascent was made by Ján (Johann) Still from

884-601: The name to Štít legionárov (Legionnaires Peak) in honor of the Czechoslovak Legions in 1923, but the name was dropped in favor of the earlier Gerlachovský štít in 1932. As a result of the Communist coup d'état in 1948, the mountain was renamed once more − to Stalinov štít ( Stalin Peak) in 1949. Its traditional name Gerlachovský štít was restored yet again a decade later and has remained unchanged through

918-528: The present. Gerlachovský štít was not always considered the highest mountain in the Tatras. After the first official measurement of peaks in the Tatras during the period of the Habsburg monarchy in the 18th century, Kriváň (2,494 m) was considered the highest. Other candidate peaks for the status of the highest mountain at that time were Lomnický štít (2,633 m) and Ľadový štít (2,627 m). The first person to accurately name Gerlachovský štít as

952-522: The rest of the High Tatras . With the travel restrictions imposed by the Eastern Bloc , the mountain was particularly treasured by Czechs, East Germans, Hungarians, Poles, and Slovaks as a high mountain available for them to climb. Although local authorities have since restricted access to the peak, it continues to attract its share of visitors. Gerlachovský štít means the "Peak (of the village) of Gerlachov ". The Slovak colloquial (unofficial) name

986-483: The same basement as the Veporic unit and is considered as former northern part of Veporic, but later during the thrusting its substratum was consumed and subducted. Surface occurrences of Fatric basement remained only as a remnants in the northern part of Veporic Veľký Bok Unit and few other areas. Choč Nappe, was thrust from the southern area, but its roots were probably consumed entirely, so its paleogeographic position

1020-563: The summit along the ridge. The Martinkova route has two main variants; a short version starts at Litvorové sedlo and is considered easier, because it skips a section from Velický štít which requires abseiling. The total elevation gain is about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) for those who spend the night at the Sliezsky Dom Hotel or are driven there by a mountain guide, and about 1,665 m (5,463 ft) for those who hike from Tatranská Polianka . In winter, Gerlachovský štít offers

1054-496: The summit can be steep. Low air temperature higher up can be masked by high insolation under clear skies, but will take its effect with increased cloud cover. Combined with windy conditions, the impact may be considerably detrimental even without rain or snow. The summit disappears in the clouds for periods of time on most days, which translates to fog at that elevation and a risk of disorientation. While temperatures are somewhat lower on Gerlachovský štít because of its elevation,

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1088-403: The village of Nová Lesná in 1834. In 1880, the routes through the Velická próba (Velická Challenge) and Batizovská próba (Batizovská Challenge) were secured by chains. Only members of a national Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) club are allowed to climb the peak on their own. Other visitors have to take a certified mountain guide. The two easiest routes, usually up

1122-493: The weather and its potential impact on visitors is little different from other summits in the High Tatras both with and without marked trails. The typical daily weather pattern in the summer is a clear morning, clouds gathering by around noon, and occasional showers and storms in the afternoon. The chance of rain is lowest between 9–10 am and peaks between 2–3 pm, with a drop-off after 6 pm. The frequency of storms with lightning (as opposed to rainstorms) on Gerlach's summit and on

1156-497: Was named after state Emperor Francis Joseph I . After the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918, the mountain continued to be known simply as Gerlachovský štít because it belonged to the village of Gerlachov . The Polish government, claiming the territory of the High Tatras for Poland, simultaneously called the mountain Szczyt Polski (Polish Peak), but never gained control over it. The new Czechoslovak government changed

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