Veliki Grđevac ( pronounced [ʋêlikiː ɡr̩̂dʑeʋats] , Hungarian : Nagygordonya ) is a municipality in Bjelovar-Bilogora County , Croatia .
130-475: According to the 2021 census, the population of the municipality was 2,316 with 1,054 living in the town proper. According to the 2001 census , there are 3,248 inhabitants, 80.41% of which are Croats , in 1,157 of family households. The present municipality Veliki Grđevac arose during the Croatian War of Independence , separated from the former municipality Grubišno Polje . Municipality area extends from
260-674: A universal health care system, the roots of which can be traced back to the Hungarian-Croatian Parliament Act of 1891, providing a form of mandatory insurance for all factory workers and craftsmen. The population is covered by a basic health insurance plan provided by statute and optional insurance. In 2014, the annual compulsory healthcare related expenditures reached 21.8 billion kuna (2.9 billion euro). Healthcare expenditures comprise only 0.6% of private health insurance and public spending. In 2010, Croatia spent 6.9% of its GDP on healthcare, representing
390-501: A 2008 Gallup survey of the Balkans indicated church and religious organisations as the most trusted institutions in the country. The survey revealed that 62% of the respondents assigned "a lot" or "some" trust to those institutions, ranking them ahead of all types of governmental, international or non-governmental institutions. Public schools allow religious education, in cooperation with religious communities that have agreements with
520-457: A Southern Slav identity in others) resulted in growing ethnic conflict between Italians on one side and Slovenes and Croats on the other side. This was intertwined with class conflict, as inhabitants of Istrian towns were mostly Italian, while Croats and Slovenes largely lived out in the eastern countryside. The Croatian word for the Istrians is Istrani , or Istrijani , the latter being in
650-703: A consequence, the Austrians saw the Italians as enemies and favored the Slav communities of Istria, fostering the nascent nationalism of Slovenes and Croats. During the meeting of the Council of Ministers of 12 November 1866, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria outlined a wide-ranging project aimed at the Germanization or Slavization of the areas of the empire with an Italian presence: His Majesty expressed
780-672: A decline from approximately 8% estimated in 2008, when 84% of healthcare spending came from public sources. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Croatia ranks around the 50th in the world in terms of life expectancy. There are hundreds of healthcare institutions in Croatia, including 79 hospitals and clinics with 23,967 beds. The hospitals and clinics care for more than 700 thousand patients per year and employ 5,205 medical doctors , including 3,929 specialists. There are 6,379 private practice offices, and
910-421: A permanently used housing unit is 74.4 square metres (801 square feet). The intermittently used housing units include 182 thousand vacation houses and 8 thousand houses used during agricultural works. The same census also recorded 25 thousand housing units used for business purposes only. As of 2007, 71% of the households owned their own housing and had no mortgage or other loans to repay related to
1040-491: A reduction of the rural population. With a population of 3,871,833 in 2021, Croatia ranks 128th in the world by population . Its population density is 75.8 inhabitants per square kilometre. The overall life expectancy in Croatia at birth is 78 years. The total fertility rate of 1.50 children per mother is one of the lowest in the world . Since 1991, Croatia's death rate has nearly continuously exceeded its birth rate . The Croatian Bureau of Statistics forecast that
1170-682: A second job. In comparison with the member states of the European Union (EU), Croatia's median equivalent household income in terms of the Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) stands at 470, topping average PPS of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004 (EU10), as well as Romania and Bulgaria , while significantly lagging behind the EU average. Within Croatia, the highest PPS is recorded in Istria County (769),
1300-523: A substantial growth of the population attaining academic degrees and by 2008, this population segment was estimated to encompass 16.7% of the total population of Croatians 15 and over. A worldwide study about the quality of living in different countries published by Newsweek in August 2010 ranked the Croatian education system at 22nd, a position shared with Austria. In 2004, it was estimated that 4.5% of
1430-630: A survey ordered by the European commission in 2005, 49% of Croats speak English as their second language, 34% speak German , and 14% speak Italian . French and Russian are spoken by 4% each, and 2% of Croats speak Spanish . A substantial proportion of Slovenes (59%) have a certain level of knowledge of Croatian. Religion in Croatia (2021 census) The main religions of Croatia are Roman Catholicism 83.04%, no religion 6.39%, other Christianity 0.73%, undeclared 3.86%, Eastern Orthodoxy 3.35%, Islam 1.32%, Protestantism 0.26%, others 1.87%. In
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#17327982637751560-496: A total of 25,409. Most of these people in these counties were ethnic Croats, but there were also Istro-Romanians declaring themselves as Istrian. Later, the 2021 Croatian census saw a decrease on Istrian self-designation, as 10,025 inhabitants of the Istria County used it. It has been proposed that Istria gain greater autonomy within a more decentralized Croatia. Examples of supporters of this include several members of
1690-587: A total of 41,271 health workers in the country. There are 63 emergency medical service units, responding to more than a million calls. The principal cause of death in 2008 was cardiovascular disease at 43.5% for men and 57.2% for women, followed by tumours, at 29.4% for men and 21.4% for women. Other significant causes of death are injuries, poisonings and other external causes (7.7% men/3.9% women), digestive system diseases (5.7% men/3.6% women), respiratory system diseases (5.1% men/3.5% women) and endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (2.1% men/3.0% women). There
1820-724: Is a soup made with beans and sauerkraut or sour turnip , potatoes , bacon , and spare ribs , known in the northern Adriatic regions. Under the name jota, it is typical and especially popular in Trieste and its province (where it is considered to be the prime example of Triestine food), in the Istrian peninsula, in the province of Gorizia , in the whole Slovenian Littoral , in the Rijeka area, and in Friuli , especially in some of its peripheral areas (the highland region of Carnia ,
1950-476: Is a supranational European Region that includes Italian, Slovenian and Croatian Istria. There are some claims, Istrian Italians were more than 50% of the total population of Istria for centuries, while making up about a third of the population in 1900. With its strategic position at the southern tip of the peninsula and good harbor Pula was the primary base of the Austrian Navy. A limited tension with
2080-408: Is acquired in a multitude of ways, based on origin, place of birth, naturalization and international treaties. In recent years, the Croatian government has been pressured each year to add 40% to work permit quotas for foreign workers. There were 8,468 immigrants to Croatia in 2009, more than half of them (57.5%) coming from Bosnia and Herzegovina , a sharp decline from the previous year's 14,541. In
2210-580: Is also present in the peninsula. According to Austro-Hungarian censuses, which recorded language instead of ethnicity, the composition of Istria (i.e. the Habsburg Margraviate of Istria) was as follows (in thousands): The 2001 population census in Croatia counted 23 languages spoken by the people of Istria. In 2021 Census show that 76.40% are Croats, Italians were 5.01%, 2.96% were Serbs, 2.48% Bosniaks, 1.05% were Albanians, while regionally declared were 5.13%. The data for Slovenian Istria
2340-467: Is characterised by significant migrations, starting with the arrival of the Croats in the area. According to the work De Administrando Imperio written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII , the Croats arrived in the area of modern-day Croatia in the early 7th century. However, that claim is disputed, and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries. Following
2470-527: Is derived from the Histri ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Ἱστρών έθνος ) tribes, which Strabo refers to as living in the region and who are credited as being the builders of the hillfort settlements (castellieri). The Histri are classified in some sources as a "Venetic" Illyrian tribe with certain linguistic differences from other Illyrians. The Romans described the Histri as a fierce tribe of pirates, protected by
2600-651: Is derived from the river Ister (Ἴστρος) (modern Danube ), because the Greeks erroneously believed, early in their travels around the Mediterranean, that a branch of the Danube flowed into the Adriatic Sea in that area. In addition, the Greeks called the inhabitants of the area Histri (Ἴστροι); if this was their native name, it may have initially led the Greeks to assume a connection with the river Ister. The name
2730-578: Is known as Slovenian Istria , and includes the coastal municipalities of Piran / Pirano , Izola /Isola, and Koper /Capodistria. It also includes the Karstic municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina /Erpelle-Cosina. Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy. This smallest portion of Istria consists of the comunes of Muggia /Milje and San Dorligo della Valle /Dolina with Santa Croce ( Trieste ) lying farthest to
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#17327982637752860-656: Is named after the ancient city Histria , named after River Hister. In the Early Middle Ages , Istria was conquered and occupied by the Goths. Ostrogoth coins were found in Istria, as well as the remains of some buildings. South of Poreč there are the remains of the church of Sv. Petar, erected in the 5th century (with a baptistery added later), which reportedly served the Arian eastern Goths ruling Istria. Most notably,
2990-543: Is no other cause of disease affecting more than 3% of the population. In 2014 only 22 Croatians had been infected with HIV/AIDS and 4 had died from the disease. In 2008 it was estimated by the WHO that 27.4% of Croatians over age of 15 were smokers. According to 2003 WHO data, 22% of the Croatian adult population is obese. Net monthly income in September 2011 averaged 5,397 kuna ( c. 729 euro ), dropping 2.1% relative to
3120-417: Is not as neatly organized, but the 2002 Slovenian census indicates that the four Istrian municipalities ( Izola /Isola d'Istria, Piran /Pirano, Koper /Capodistria, Ankaran/Ancarano) had a total of 56,482 Slovenes, 6,426 Croats, and 2,800 Italians. The small town of Peroj has had a unique history which exemplifies the multi-ethnic complexity of the history of the region, as do some villages on both sides of
3250-452: Is not mandatory, but registered communities become legal persons and enjoy tax and other benefits. The law stipulates that to be eligible for registration, a religious group must have at least 500 believers and be registered as a civil association for 5 years. Religious groups based abroad must submit written permission for registration from their country of origin. Literacy in Croatia is 98.1 percent. The 2001 census reported that 15.7% of
3380-834: Is the highest portion of the Ćićarija /Cicceria mountain range; the rivers Dragonja /Dragogna, Mirna /Quieto, Pazinčica , and Raša ; and the Lim /Canale di Leme bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (90%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being Istria County in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include Pula /Pola, Poreč /Parenzo, Rovinj /Rovigno, Pazin /Pisino, Labin /Albona, Umag /Umago, Motovun /Montona, Buzet /Pinguente, and Buje /Buie. Smaller towns in Istria County include Višnjan /Visignano, Roč /Rozzo, and Hum /Colmo. The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it
3510-683: Is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea . Located at the top of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Kvarner Gulf , the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia , and Italy , 90% of its area being part of Croatia. Most of Croatian Istria is part of Istria County . The geographical features of Istria include the Učka /Monte Maggiore mountain range , which
3640-572: The pršut (similar to Italian prosciutto ) and on the preparation of homemade pasta. Traditional dishes of Italian origin also include gnocchi ( njoki ), risotto ( rižot ), focaccia ( pogača ), polenta ( palenta ), and brudet . Slovenian dishes of Italian origin are njoki (similar to Italian gnocchi ), rizota (the Slovenian version of risotto ) and zilkrofi (similar to Italian ravioli ). The Istrian stew ( Italian : Jota ; Croatian : Istarska jota ; Slovene : Jota )
3770-525: The 2011 Croatian census , 25,203 people of the Istria County, constituting 12% of its population, declared themselves to be Istrian before any other nationality, making it the most abundant one in the county after Croatian. People also declared an Istrian identity in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County , the county where the rest of Croatian Istria is located, therefore making the number of people declaring an Istrian identity in Croatia
3900-855: The Burgenland Croats are direct descendants of some of those settlers. To replace the fleeing Croats the Habsburgs called on the Orthodox populations of Bosnia and Serbia to provide military service in the Croatian Military Frontier . Serb migration into this region peaked during the Great Serb Migrations of 1690 and 1737–39. Similarly, Venetian Republic rule in Istria and in Dalmatia , following
4030-484: The Eurostat Eurobarometer Poll of 2005, 67% of the population of Croatia responded that "they believe there is a God" and 7% said they do not believe "there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force", while 25% expressed a belief in "some sort of spirit or life force". In a 2009 Gallup poll, 70% answered affirmatively when asked "Is religion an important part of your daily life?" Significantly,
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4160-649: The Fifth and the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian Wars ushered gradual growth of Italian speaking population in those areas. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the Hungarian population declined, especially in the areas north of the Drava river, where they represented the majority before World War I . The period between 1890 and World War I was marked by large economic emigration from Croatia to
4290-901: The Holy Roman Empire for centuries, and more specifically part of the domains of the Austrian Habsburgs since the 14th century. In 1797, with the Treaty of Campo Formio , the Venetian parts of the peninsula also passed to the Habsburg monarchy which became the Austrian Empire in 1804. The French victory of 1809 compelled Austria to cede a portion of its South Slav lands to France. Napoleon combined Istira, Carniola , western Carinthia , Gorica ( Gorizia ), Trieste and parts of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Dubrovnik to form
4420-653: The Illyrian Provinces . The Code Napoléon was introduced, and roads and schools were constructed. Local citizens were given administrative posts, and native languages were used to conduct official business. This sparked the Illyrian Movement for the cultural and linguistic unification of South Slavic lands. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Istria had lived peacefully side by side because they did not know
4550-660: The Operation Storm . Ten years after the war, only a small portion of Serb refugees returned out of the 400,000 displaced during the entire war. Most of the Serbs in Croatia who remained never lived in areas occupied during the Croatian War of Independence. Serbs have been only partially re-settled in the regions they previously inhabited; some of these areas were later settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Significant migrations have been happening after
4680-672: The Placitum of Riziano was held in the Parish of Rižan ( Latin : Risanum ), which was a meeting between the representatives of Istrian towns and castles and the deputies of Charlemagne and his son Pepin. The report about this judicial diet illustrates the changes accompanying the transfer of power from the Eastern Roman Empire to the Carolingian Empire and the discontent of the local residents. Afterwards it
4810-604: The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca until 1918. At that time the borders of Istria included part of what is now Italian Venezia-Giulia and parts of modern-day Slovenia and Croatia, but not the city of Trieste. Many Istrian Italians looked with sympathy towards the Risorgimento movement that fought for the unification of Italy. However, after the Third Italian War of Independence (1866), when
4940-525: The Republic of Venice but were defeated, and were since further controlled by Venice. During the 13th century, the Patriarchate's rule weakened and the towns kept surrendering to Venice – Poreč in 1267, Umag in 1269, Novigrad in 1270, Sveti Lovreč in 1271, Motovun in 1278, Kopar in 1279, and Piran and Rovinj in 1283. Venice gradually dominated the whole coastal area of western Istria and
5070-569: The United States , and particularly to the areas of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , Cleveland, Ohio , and Chicago, Illinois . Besides the United States, the main destination of the migrants was South America , especially Argentina , Chile , Bolivia and Peru . It is estimated that 500,000 people left Croatia during this period. After World War I, the main focus of emigration shifted to Canada , where about 15,000 people settled before
5200-925: The Venetian language whose antecedents in the region extend before the inception of the Venetian Republic or to the Istriot language the oldest spoken language in Istria, dated back to the Romans, today spoken in the southwest of Istria. It can also refer to Istrian Croats who adopted the veneer of Italian culture as they moved from rural to urban areas, or from the farms into the bourgeoisie. Similarly, national powers claim Istrian Croats according to local language, so that speakers of Čakavian and Štokavian dialects of Croatian are considered to be Croatians while speakers of other dialects may be considered to be Slovene. Croatian dialect speakers are descendants of
5330-681: The Veneto and Friuli regions were ceded by the Austrians to the newly formed Kingdom Italy , Istria remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic. This triggered the gradual rise of Italian irredentism among many Italians in Istria, who demanded the unification of Istria with Italy. The Italians in Istria supported the Italian Risorgimento : as
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5460-786: The Western Roman Empire , the region was pillaged by the Goths , the Eastern Roman Empire , and the Avars. The first Avaro-Slavic invasion of Istria was recorded in 599. Another major incursion occurred around 600–602, in which all of Istria was devastated with fire and rapine. This was followed by the 611 invasion, the most devastating for the peninsula. It remains unclear when and how the first Slavic settlement occurred. Traces of early Slavic incursions and settlement are scarce. A few Avar findings have been discovered on
5590-404: The accession of Croatia to the European Union , with a persistent growth since 2013, and the population leaving is largely younger and more educated. In addition to demographic losses through significant migrations, the population of Croatia suffered significant losses due to wars and epidemics. In the 20th century alone, there were several such events. The first was World War I, when the loss of
5720-599: The census from 1991 when the number was 581,663. Most of Croatia's remaining Serbs never lived in areas occupied in the Croatian War of Independence. Serbs have been only partially re-settled in the regions they previously inhabited, while some of the settlements previously inhabited by Serbs were settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly from Republika Srpska . In 2014, there were 39,566 live births in Croatia, comprising 20,374 male and 19,192 female children. Virtually all of those were performed in medical facilities; only 19 births occurred elsewhere. Out of
5850-451: The "Slav" social group. Discussions about Istrian ethnicity often use the words "Italian", "Croatian", and "Slovene" to describe the character of the Istrian people. However these terms are best understood as "national affiliations" that may exist in combination with or independently of linguistic, cultural and historical attributes. In the Istrian context, for example, the word "Italian" can just as easily refer to autochthonous speakers of
5980-485: The 1850s. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics has performed this task since the 1990s. The latest census in Croatia was performed in autumn of 2021. According to final results published on 22 September 2022 the permanent population of Croatia at the 2021 census (31st Aug) had reached 3.87 million. The population density is 68.7 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall life expectancy in Croatia at birth
6110-604: The 1953 census. A similar fate was suffered by the Italian population in Yugoslavia populating parts of present-day Croatia and Slovenia , as 350,000 left for Italy . The 1940s and the 1950s in Yugoslavia were marked by colonisation of settlements where the displaced Germans used to live by people from the mountainous parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro , and migrations to larger cities spurred on by
6240-402: The 1960s and 1970s migrations. A series of significant migrations came as a result of the 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence. In 1991, more than 400,000 Croats and other non-Serbs were displaced by the Croatian Serb forces or fled the violence in areas with significant Serb populations. During the final days of the war, in 1995, between 120,000 and 200,000 Serbs fled the country following
6370-447: The 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence. The figure pertains only to those persons who would have been recorded by the 1991 census as living in Croatia. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review. The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook . definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) Croatian is the official language of Croatia, and one of 24 official languages of
6500-710: The 19th century it included a large population of Italians , Croats , and Slovenes as well as some Istro-Romanians , Serbs , and Montenegrins ; however, official statistics in those times did not show those nationalities as they do today. In 1910, the ethnic and linguistic composition was completely mixed. According to the Austrian census results, out of 404,309 inhabitants in Istria, 168,116 (41.6%) spoke Serbo-Croatian , 147,416 (36.5%) spoke Italian , 55,365 (13.7%) spoke Slovene , 13,279 (3.3%) spoke German , 882 (0.2%) spoke Istro-Romanian , 2,116 (0.5%) spoke other languages, and 17,135 (4.2%) were non-citizens, which had not been asked for their language of communication. During
6630-475: The 2009–2010 school year. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Croatian language, mathematics , and a foreign language) and optional subjects and is a prerequisite for a university education. Croatia has eight public universities, the University of Zagreb , University of Split , University of Rijeka , University of Osijek , University of Zadar , University of Dubrovnik , University of Pula and Dubrovnik International University . The University of Zadar,
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#17327982637756760-574: The 2010s brought a new wave of emigration which strengthened after Croatia's accession to the EU in 2013. Croatian is the official language, but minority languages are officially used in some local government units. Croatian is declared as the native language by 95.60% of the population. A 2009 survey revealed that 78% of Croatians claim knowledge of at least one foreign language—most often English. The main religions of Croatia are Roman Catholic (86.28%), Eastern Orthodoxy (4.44%) and Islam (1.47%). Literacy in Croatia stands at 98.1%. The proportion of
6890-501: The 2021 Census, 95.25% of citizens of Croatia declared Croatian as their native language, 1.16% declared Serbian as their native language, while no other language is represented in Croatia by more than 0.5% of native speakers among the population of Croatia. In the region of Dalmatia, each city historically spoke a variant of the Dalmatian language . It developed from Latin like all Romance languages, but became heavily influenced by Venetian and Croatian. The language fell out of use in
7020-420: The Austrian state did not in fact stop the rise of the use of the Italian language, in the second part of the 19th century, when the population of predominantly Italian-speaking towns in Istria had a significant rise: in the part of Istria that eventually became part of Croatia, the first Austrian census from 1846 found 34 thousand Italian speakers, alongside 120 thousand Croatian speakers (in the Austrian censuses,
7150-416: The Byzantines but was of Lombard descent, is reported as its dux in 599. Pope Gregory I in 600 wrote to bishop of Salona Maximus in which he expresses concern about arrival of the Slavs , "Et quidem de Sclavorum gente, quae vobis valde imminet, et affligor vehementer et conturbor. Affligor in his quae jam in vobis patior; conturbor, quia per Istriae aditum jam ad Italiam intrare coeperunt" (And as for
7280-437: The Catholic liturgical year , but citizens of the Republic of Croatia who celebrate different religious holidays have the right not to work on those dates. This includes Christians who celebrate Christmas on 7 January per the Julian calendar , Muslims on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha , and Jews on the days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur . Marriages performed by the religious communities having agreements with
7410-596: The City of Zagreb (640) and the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County (576). The lowest PPS is observed in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County and the Virovitica-Podravina County (267). 2011 census recorded a total of 1,534,148 private households in Croatia as well as 1,487 other residential communities such as retirement homes, convents etc. At the same time, there were 1,923,522 permanent housing units—houses and apartments. 2001 census recorded 1.66 million permanent housing units, including 196 thousand intermittently occupied and 42 thousand abandoned ones. Average size of
7540-448: The Croatian Serb forces or fled the violence. In 1995, during the final days of the war, more than 120,000 and perhaps as many as 200,000 Serbs fled the country before the arrival of Croatian forces during Operation Storm . Within a decade following the end of the war, only 117,000 Serb refugees returned out of the 300,000 displaced during the entire war. According to 2001 Croatian census there were 201,631 Serbs in Croatia, compared to
7670-425: The Entente promised Italy Istria and parts of Dalmatia , South Tyrol , the Greek Dodecanese Islands , parts of Albania and Turkey, plus more territory for Italy's North Africa colonies. After the war, Italy annexed Istria. Istria's political and economic importance declined under Italian rule, and after the fascist takeover of Italy in 1922 the Italian government began a campaign of forced Italianization . In 1926,
7800-555: The European Union since 2013. Minority languages are in official use in local government units where more than a third of the population consists of national minorities or where local legislation mandates their use. These languages are Czech , German , Hungarian , Italian , Ruthenian , Serbian , Slovene , and Slovak . Besides these, the following languages are also recognised: Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, German, Hebrew, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Romanian, Romani, Russian, Rusyn, Slovenian, Turkish and Ukrainian. According to
7930-998: The GDP is spent for education, while schooling expectancy was estimated to 14 years on average. Primary education in Croatia starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2007 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by gymnasiums and vocational schools . As of 2010, there are 2,131 elementary schools and 713 schools providing various forms of secondary education. Primary and secondary education are also available in languages of recognised minorities in Croatia, where classes are held in Czech , Hungarian , Italian, Serbian and German languages. There are 84 elementary level and 47 secondary level music and art schools , as well as 92 schools for disabled children and youth and 74 schools for adults. Nationwide leaving exams ( Croatian : državna matura ) were introduced for secondary education students in
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#17327982637758060-422: The Goths used Istrian stone to build their best known monument, the Mausoleum of Theodoric in Ravenna . In the following centuries, the peninsula was attacked and conquered by the Lombards , often in conjunction with the Slavs, such as in 601. However, the extent to which the Lombards occupied Istria is a matter of debate. After the Goths, Istria became part of the Exarchate of Ravenna . Gulfaris , who served
8190-418: The Istrian territory, chiefly around Nesactium . By 642 the Slavs were settled in the peninsula, as indicated by the mission of an abbot Martin, sent by Pope John IV to rescue captives held by the pagans in Istria and Dalmatia . After the barbaric invasions, the western part of Istria was annexed to the Lombard Kingdom in 751, and then annexed to the Frankish kingdom by Pepin of Italy in 789. In 804,
8320-416: The Italian and Slovene parts (which make up 1% and 9% of the territory of Istria, respectively), while in the Croatian part (90% of the region), there are Croats , Italians, Istro-Romanians and Istriot -speakers, as well as some non-native minorities. Most of Croatian Istria is located in the Istria County of the country. Istria is the region of Croatia where regionalist sentiment is the strongest. In
8450-410: The Italian language suggests that amongst those who declared themselves Italian speakers in Istria, there were people whose mother tongue was different." D'Alessio notes even members of the Austrian state bureaucracy and the members of their families with the German mother tongue tended to use Italian, after living in Istrian small towns long enough. The Poles, Czechs and Slovenes and Croats tended to join
8580-434: The Latin name Hister, or Danube (especially its lower course). Ancient folktales reported —inaccurately— that the Danube split in two or "bifurcated" and came to the sea near Trieste as well as at the Black Sea . The story of the "bifurcation of the Danube" is part of the Argonaut legend. There is also a suspected link (but no historical documentation in support of it) to the commune of Istria in Constanța, Romania which
8710-959: The Republic of Croatia explicitly identifies 22 minorities. Those are Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks , Italians, Istro-Romanians (" Vlachs "), Hungarians, Jews , Germans, Austrians , Ukrainians , Romanians , Ruthenians , Macedonians , Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins , Russians , Bulgarians , Poles , Roma, Turks and Albanians. including Austrians 247 0.01%, Bulgarians 331 0.01%, Germans 2,902 0.07%, Jews 576 0.01%, Poles 567 0.01%, Romanians 475 0.01%, Russians 906 0.02%, Ruthenians 2,337 0.05, Slovaks 4,712 0.11% Turks 300 0.01%, Ukrainians 1,977 0.04%, Koreans 211 0.01%, Istro-Romanians 12 0.00% including Austrians 297 0.01%, Bulgarians 350 0.01%, Germans 2,965 0.07%, Jews 509 0.01%, Poles 672 0.02%, Romanians 435 0.01%, Russians 1,279 0.03%, Ruthenians 1,936 0.05, Slovaks 4,753 0.11% Turks 367 0.01%, Ukrainians 1,878 0.04%, Vlachs 29 0.00% The demographic history of Croatia
8840-502: The Torre and Natisone river valleys, or Slavia Veneta ). The stew, based on etymology, most likely originated in Friuli before spreading east and south. Istrian identity , also known as Istrianity, Istrianism or Istrianness, is the regionalist identity developed by the inhabitants of the part of Istria located in Croatia . Istria is the biggest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea and a multiethnic region divided between Croatia, Italy and Slovenia . Italians and Slovenes live in both
8970-444: The Učka that are still identified with the Istro-Romanian people which the UNESCO Redbook of Endangered Languages calls "the smallest ethnic group in Europe". The cuisine of Istria is influenced by Italian cuisine , given the historical presence of local ethnic Italians ( Istrian Italians ), influence that has eased after the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus . For example, the influence of Italian cuisine on Croatian dishes can be seen in
9100-505: The Venetian state. Other coastal towns followed shortly thereafter. Bajamonte Tiepolo was sent away from Venice in 1310, to start a new life in Istria after his downfall. A description of the 16th-century Istria with a precise map was prepared by the Italian geographer Pietro Coppo . A copy of the map inscribed in stone can now be seen in the Pietro Coppo Park in the center of the town of Izola in southwestern Slovenia . The Inner part of Istria around Mitterburg ( Pazin ) had been part of
9230-450: The ages of 15 and 64. But at ages over 64 the ratio is 0.64 males per 1 female. The ratio for the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female. In contrast to the shrinking native population, since the late 1990s there has been a positive net migration into Croatia, reaching a level of more than 7,000 net immigrants in 2006. In accordance with its immigration policy, Croatia is also trying to entice emigrants to return. Croatian citizenship
9360-484: The area to Plomin on the eastern part of the peninsula. The wealthier coastal towns cultivated increasingly strong economic relationships with Venice and by 1348 were eventually incorporated into its territory, while their inland counterparts fell under the sway of the weaker Patriarchate of Aquileia, which became part of the Habsburg Empire in 1374. On 15 February 1267, Parenzo was formally incorporated with
9490-490: The arrival of the Croats in the area growth of Hungarian and German-speaking population since the union of Croatia and Hungary , and joining of the Habsburg Empire , migrations set off by Ottoman conquests and growth of Italian speaking population in Istria and in Dalmatia during Venetian rule there. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary , the Hungarian population declined, while the German-speaking population
9620-469: The border. It became an international boundary with the independence of both countries from Yugoslavia in 1991. Since Croatia 's first multi-party elections in 1990, the Istrian regionalist party Istrian Democratic Assembly (IDS-DDI, Istarski demokratski sabor or Dieta democratica istriana ) has consistently received a majority of the vote and maintained through the 1990s a position often contrary to
9750-533: The central offices to the strong duty to proceed in this way to what has been established. Although a member of the Central Powers , Italy remained neutral at the start of WWI, and soon launched secret negotiations with the Triple Entente , bargaining to participate in the war on its side, in exchange for significant territorial gains. To get Italy to join the war, the secret 1915 Treaty of London
9880-491: The country. The first modern population census in the country was conducted in 1857, and 15 more have been performed since then. Since 1961 the censuses are conducted in regular ten-year intervals, with the latest one in 2011. The first institution set up in the country specifically for the purposes of maintaining population statistics was the State Statistical Office, founded in 1875. Since its founding,
10010-492: The development of industry. In the 1960s and 1970s, another wave of economic migrants left Croatia. They largely moved to Canada, Australia , New Zealand and Western Europe . During this period, 65,000 people left for Canada, and by the mid-1970s there were 150,000 Croats who moved to Australia. Particularly large European emigrant communities of Croats exist in Germany , Austria and Switzerland , which largely stem from
10140-628: The development of technology. Combined, they spent more than 3 billion kuna (400 million euro) and employed 10,191 full-time research staff in 2008. Among the scientific institutes operating in Croatia, the largest is the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb. The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb is a learned society promoting language, culture, arts and science since its inception in 1866. Scientists from Croatia include inventors and Nobel Prize winners. Croatia has
10270-437: The difficult navigation of their rocky coasts. It took two military campaigns for the Romans to finally subdue them in 177 BC. The region was then called together with the Venetian part the X. Roman Region of "Venetia et Histria", the ancient definition of the northeastern border of Italy. Dante Alighieri refers to it as well, the eastern border of Italy per ancient definition is the river Arsia . The eastern side of this river
10400-419: The establishment of a personal union of Croatia and Hungary in 1102, and the joining of the Habsburg Empire in 1527, the Hungarian and German-speaking population of Croatia began gradually increasing in number. The processes of Magyarization and Germanization varied in intensity but persisted to the 20th century. The Ottoman conquests initiated a westward migration of parts of the Croatian population;
10530-473: The ethnic composition of the population was not surveyed, only the main "language of use" of a person). By 1910, the proportion changed significantly: there were 108 thousand Italian speakers and 134 thousand Croatian speakers. Vanni D'Alessio notes (2008), the Austrian surveys of the language of use "overestimated the diffusion of the socially dominant languages of the empire... The capacity of assimilation of
10660-481: The final comprehensive set of data was published in December 2012. The 2011 census and processing of the data gathered by the census was expected to cost 171.9 million kuna (23.3 million euro ). The 2011 census was performed using new methodology: the permanent population was determined as the enumerated population who lived in the census area for at least 12 months prior to the census, or plans to live in
10790-539: The first armed antifascist resistance group in Europe soon penetrated into Slovene and Croatian-speaking parts of Istria. In World War II, Istria became a battleground of competing ethnic and political groups. Istrian nationalist groups which were pro-fascist and pro-Allied and Yugoslav-supported pro-communist groups fought with each other and the Italian army. After the German withdrawal in 1945, Yugoslav partisans gained
10920-526: The first stage of the demographic transition in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (depending on where in Croatia is being discussed). Croatia is in the fourth or fifth stage of the demographic transition. An explanation for the population decrease in the 1990s is the Croatian War of Independence . During the war, large sections of the population were displaced and emigration increased. In 1991, in predominantly Serb areas, more than 400,000 Croats and other non- Serbs were either removed from their homes by
11050-707: The first university in Croatia, was founded in 1396 and remained active until 1807, when other institutions of higher education took over. It was reopened in 2002. The University of Zagreb, founded in 1669, is the oldest continuously operating university in Southeast Europe. There are also 11 polytechnics and 23 higher education institutions, of which 19 are private. In total, there are 132 institutions of higher education in Croatia, attended by more than 145 thousand students. There are 205 companies, government or education system institutions and non-profit organizations in Croatia pursuing scientific research and
11180-609: The government in Zagreb , led by the then nationalistic party Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, Hrvatska demokratska zajednica ), with regards to decentralization in Croatia and certain facets of regional autonomy . However, that changed in 2000 when the IDS formed with five other parties a left-centre coalition government, led by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP, Socijaldemokratska Partija Hrvatske ). After
11310-512: The government, but attendance is not mandatory. The classes are organized widely in public elementary and secondary schools. In 2009, 92% of elementary school pupils and 87% of secondary school students attended the religious education classes. Public holidays in Croatia also include the religious festivals of Epiphany , Easter Monday , Feast of Corpus Christi , Assumption Day , All Saints' Day , Christmas , and St. Stephen's or Boxing Day . The religious festival public holidays are based on
11440-424: The housing, while further 9% were repaying loans for their housing. The households vary by type and include single households (13%), couples (15%), single parent households (4%), couples with children (27%) and extended family households (20%). There are approximately 500 homeless persons in Croatia, largely living in Zagreb. Average urbanisation rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with the maximum rate recorded within
11570-475: The immediate aftermath of the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty on February 10, 1947 which granted Pula and the greater part of Istria to Yugoslavia. The division of Istria between Croatia and Slovenia runs on the former republic borders, which were not precisely defined in the former Yugoslavia. Various points of contention remain unresolved between the two countries regarding the precise line of
11700-641: The language were not officially recognised as separate at the time, but referred to as the "West" and "East" versions, and preferred different alphabets: the Gaj's Latin alphabet and Karadžić's Cyrillic alphabet . Croats are protective of their language from foreign influences, as the language was under constant change and threats imposed by previous rulers (i.e. Austrian German, Hungarian, Italian and Turkish words were changed and altered to "Slavic" looking/sounding ones). A 2009 survey revealed that 78% of Croats claim knowledge of at least one foreign language. According to
11830-685: The last decades of the Habsburg dynasty the coast of Istria profited from tourism within the Empire. Generally speaking, Italians lived on the western coast and in the inland cities of northern Istria, while Croats lived on the eastern coast and in the eastern and southeastern inland parts of the countryside. In the second half of the 19th century a clash of new ideological movements, Italian irredentism (which claimed Trieste and Istria), Slovene nationalism , and Croatian nationalism (developing individual identities in some quarters while seeking to unite in
11960-663: The late 19th and early 20th century, Veliki Grđevac was part of the Bjelovar-Križevci County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . Lovrak days of culture are traditional cultural and educational events dedicated to the national significance Mato Lovrak , one of the most successful children's writer in Croatia . 2001 Croatian census The demographic characteristics of the population of Croatia are known through censuses , normally conducted in ten-year intervals and analysed by various statistical bureaus since
12090-647: The local Chakavian dialect . The term Istrani is also used in Slovenia. The Italian word for the Istrians is Istriani and today the Italian minority is organized in many towns. The Istrian county in Croatia is bilingual, as are large parts of Slovenian Istria. Every citizen has the right to speak either Italian or Croatian (Slovene in Slovenian Istria and Italian in the town of Koper/Capodistria, Piran/Pirano, Portorož/Portorose, and Izola/Isola d'Istria) in public administration or in court. Furthermore, Istria
12220-837: The lowest ones, paid in the same month, were in the manufacturing and leather processing industries, averaging at 2,811 kuna ( c. 380 euro). Since January 2016, the minimum wage in Croatia is 3,120 kuna before tax ( c. 400 euro). Number of employed persons recorded steady growth between 2000 and 2008 when it peaked, followed by 4% decline in 2009. That year, there were 1.499 million employed persons, with 45% of that number pertaining to women. The total number of employed persons includes 252,000 employed in crafts and freelance professionals and 35,000 employed in agriculture. The most significant sources of employment in 2008 were manufacturing industry and wholesale and retail trade (including motor vehicle repair services) employing 278,640 and 243,640 respectively. Further significant employment sector
12350-514: The management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Czechs , Hungarians and Serbs of Croatia all fulfilled legal requirements to each elect 10 members minority councils of the Municipality of Severin but the elections for Czech council were not organized due to the lack of candidates and only 8 members were elected in Serb one. In
12480-486: The national identification, given that they generically defined themselves as " Istrians " of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture. After this seven-year period, the Austrian Empire regained Istria, which became part of the constituent Kingdom of Illyria . This kingdom was broken up in 1849, after which Istria formed part of Austrian Littoral , also known as the "Küstenland", which also included the city of Trieste and
12610-608: The north. The ancient region of Histria extended over a much wider area, including the whole Karst Plateau with the southern edges of the Vipava Valley /Vipacco Valley, the southwestern portions of modern Inner Carniola with Postojna /Postumia and Ilirska Bistrica /Bisterza, and the Italian Province of Trieste , but not the Liburnian coast which was already part of Illyricum . The name Istria (Ἰστρία)
12740-506: The office changed its name and structure several times and was alternately subordinated to other institutions and independent, until the most recent changes in 1992, when the institution became the Croatian Bureau of Statistics . The 2011 census was performed on 1–28 April 2011, recording situation as of 31 March 2011. The first census results, containing the number of the population by settlement, were published on 29 June 2011, and
12870-595: The one side and Venetians/other Italians on the other side yielded to each other culturally while simultaneously distancing themselves from members of their ethnic groups living farther away. Another important Istrian community are the Istro-Romanians in the south and north of the Učka mountain range of Istria. A small Albanian community, which until the late 19th century spoke the Istrian Albanian dialect
13000-490: The onset of World War II . During World War II and in the period immediately following the war, there were further significant demographic changes as the German-speaking population, the Volksdeutsche , were either forced or otherwise compelled to leave—reducing their number from the prewar German population of Yugoslavia of 500,000, living in parts of present-day Croatia and Serbia, to the figure of 62,000 recorded in
13130-671: The people of the Slavs who are really approaching you, I am very depressed and confused. I am depressed because I sympathize with you, confused because they over the Istria began to enter the Italy). Some ancient reporters, including Pope Gregory, who were unaware of the importance of the Avars in the Balkans, used the terms "Slavs" to refer to the Avars or the Avaro-Slavs. After the fall of
13260-629: The population aged 15 and over attaining academic degrees grew rapidly since 2001, doubling and reaching 16.7% by 2008. An estimated 4.5% of the GDP is spent for education. Primary and secondary education are available in Croatian and in languages of recognised minorities. Croatia has a universal health care system and in 2010, the nation spent 6.9% of its GDP on healthcare. Net monthly income in August 2023 averaged 1,163 euro . The most significant sources of employment in 2023 were manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail trade and construction. In August 2023,
13390-399: The population is dominated by the 15 to 64 year‑old segment. The median age of the population is 43.4, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female. Croatia is inhabited mostly by Croats (91.63%), while minorities include Serbs (3.2%), and 21 other ethnicities (less than 1% each). The demographic history of Croatia is marked by significant migrations, including
13520-420: The population may even shrink to 3.1 million by 2051, depending on the actual birth rate and the level of net migration. The population of Croatia rose steadily from 2.1 million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7 million, with the exception of censuses taken in 1921 and 1948, i.e. following two world wars. The natural growth rate of the population is negative. Croatia started advancing from
13650-516: The population of Croatia amounted to an estimated 190,000 persons, or about 5.5% of the total population recorded by the 1910 census. The 1918 flu pandemic started to take its toll in Croatia in July 1918, with peaks of the disease occurring in October and November. Available data is scarce, but it is estimated that the pandemic caused at least 15,000–20,000 deaths. Around 295,000 people were killed on
13780-411: The population over the age of 14 has an incomplete elementary education, and 21.9% has only an elementary school education. 42.8% of the population over the age of 14 has a vocational education and 4.9% completed gymnasium . 4.2% of the same population received an undergraduate degree , while 7.5% received an academic degree , and 0.5% received a postgraduate or a doctoral degree . Croatia recorded
13910-628: The precise order that action be taken decisively against the influence of the Italian elements still present in some regions of the Crown and, appropriately occupying the posts of public, judicial, masters employees as well as with the influence of the press, work in South Tyrol , Dalmatia and Littoral for the Germanization and Slavization of these territories according to the circumstances, with energy and without any regard. His Majesty calls
14040-601: The previous month. In the same month, gross monthly income averaged 7,740 kuna ( c. 1,046 euro), and it includes the net salary along with income tax, retirement pension insurance , healthcare insurance , occupational safety and health insurance and employment promotion tax. The average net monthly income grew compared to 5,311 kuna ( c. 717 euro) in 2009 or 3,326 kuna ( c. 449 euro) in 2000. The highest net salaries were paid in financial services sector, and in April 2011 those averaged 10,041 kuna ( c. 1,356 euro), while
14170-649: The reformed HDZ won the Croatian parliamentary elections in late 2003 and formed a minority government, the IDS has cooperated with the state government on many projects, both local (in Istria County ) and national. Since Slovenia's accession to the European Union and the Schengen Area , customs and immigration checks have been abolished at the Italian-Slovenian border. The region has traditionally been ethnically mixed. Under Austrian rule in
14300-613: The refugees of the Turkish invasion and Ottoman Empire of Bosnia and Dalmatia in the 16th century. The government of the Republic of Venice had settled them in Inner Istria, which had been devastated by wars and plague. As with other regions, the local dialects of the Croatian communities vary greatly across close distances. The Istrian Croatian and Italian vernaculars had both developed for many generations before being divided as they are today. This meant that Croats/Slovenes on
14430-529: The region by the 16th century and went extinct when the last speaker died in 1898. Croatian replaced Latin as the official language of the Croatian government in 1847. The Croatian lect is generally viewed as one of the four standard varieties of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian , a South Slavic language . Croatian is written using the Latin alphabet and there are three major dialects spoken on
14560-652: The same area for at least 12 months after the census. This method was also retroactively applied to the 2001 census data. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World in Data and Gapminder Foundation . Source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics Croatia is inhabited mostly by Croats (91.63%), while minority groups include: Serbs (3.2%), Bosniaks , Hungarians , Italians , Albanians , Slovenes , Germans , Czechs , Roma and others (less than 1% each). The Constitution of
14690-568: The same year, there were 9,940 emigrants from the country, 44.8% of them leaving to Serbia . The number of emigrants represents a substantial increase compared to the figure of 7,488 recorded in 2008. In 2009, the net migration to and from abroad peaked in the Sisak-Moslavina County (−1,093 persons) and the city of Zagreb (+830 persons). In 2009, a total of 22,382 marriages were performed in Croatia as well as 5,076 divorces. The 2001 census recorded 1.47 million households in
14820-634: The southwestern slopes of Bilogora hills, across the Česma river towards the northernmost slopes of the Moslavačka gora . Area around the Veliki Grđevac is characterized by wet meadows under Bilogora hills. The following villages comprise the Veliki Grđevac municipality: Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in
14950-409: The state are officially recognized, eliminating the need to register the marriages in a registrar office. The legal position of religious communities is defined by special legislation, specifically regarding government funding, tax benefits, and religious education in schools. Other matters are left to each religious community to negotiate separately with the government. Registration of the communities
15080-463: The territory of Croatia, with the Shtokavian idiom used as the literary standard. The Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects are distinguished by their lexicon , phonology , and syntax . From 1961 to 1991, the official language was formally designated as Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian. Even during socialist rule , Croats often referred to their language as Croato-Serbian (instead of Serbo-Croatian) or as Croatian. Croatian and Serbian variants of
15210-712: The territory of present-day Croatia during World War II, according to the demographer Bogoljub Kočović . The demise of the armed forces of the Independent State of Croatia and of the civilians accompanying the troops at the end of World War II was followed by the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators . A substantial number of people were executed, but the exact number is disputed. The claims range from 12,000 to 15,000 to as many as 80,000 killed in May 1945. Finally, approximately 20,000 were killed or went missing during
15340-878: The territory of the City of Zagreb , where it reached 94.5% and Zagreb metropolitan area comprising the City of Zagreb and the Zagreb County , where it stands at 76.4%. Very significant rate of urbanisation was observed in the second half of the 20th century. 1953 census recorded 57% of population which was active in agriculture, while a census performed in 1991 noted only 9.1% of population active in that field. This points to augmentation of urban population and reduction of rural population. Istria Istria ( / ˈ ɪ s t r i ə / IST -ree-ə ; Croatian and Slovene : Istra ; Italian and Venetian : Istria ; Istriot : Eîstria ; Istro-Romanian : Istria ; Latin : Histria ; Ancient Greek : Ἱστρία )
15470-407: The time. Cardiovascular disease and cancer were the primary causes of death in the country, with 26,235 and 13,280 deaths respectively. In the same year, there were 2,986 violent deaths, including 2,121 due to accidents. The latter figure includes 616 deaths in traffic accidents. In 2014, the birth rate was 9.3 per mille, exceeded by the mortality rate of 12.0 per mille. The infant mortality rate
15600-487: The total number, 32,677 children were born in wedlock or within 300 days after the end of the marriage, and the average age of mothers at the birth of their first child was 28.4 years. General fertility rate, i.e. number of births per 1,000 women aged 15–49 is 42.9, with the age specific rate peaking at 101.0 per million for women aged 25–29. In 2009, 52,414 persons died in Croatia, 48.5% of whom died in medical facilities and 90.0% of whom were receiving medical treatment at
15730-421: The unemployment rate was 6.9%. Croatia's median equivalent household income tops average Purchasing Power Standard of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004 , while trailing the EU average. 2011 census recorded a total of 1.5 million private households, which predominantly owned their own housing. The average urbanisation rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with an augmentation of the urban population and
15860-472: The upper hand and began a violent purge of real or suspected opponents in an "orgy of revenge". After the end of World War II , Istria was ceded to Yugoslavia , except for a small part in the northwest corner that formed Zone B of the provisionally independent Free Territory of Trieste ; Zone B was under Yugoslav administration and after the de facto dissolution of the Free Territory in 1954 it
15990-507: The use of Slavic languages in schools and government was banned, even Slavic family names were Italianized to suit the fascist authorities. Slavic newspapers and libraries were closed, all Slavic cultural, sporting, business and political associations were banned. As a result, 100,000 Slavic-speakers left Italian-annexed areas in an exodus, moving mostly to Yugoslavia. The organization TIGR , founded in 1927 by young Slovene liberal nationalists from Gorizia region and Trieste and regarded as
16120-431: Was 5.0 per mille in 2014. In terms of age structure, the population of Croatia is dominated by the 15–64 year older segment (68.1%), while the size of the population younger than 15 and older than 64 is relatively small (15.1% and 16.9% respectively). The median age of the population is 41.4. The sex ratio of the population is 1.06 males per 1 female at birth and up to 14 years of age, and 0.99 males per 1 female between
16250-435: Was 78,2 years in 2018. The population rose steadily (with the exception of censuses taken following the two world wars) from 2.1 million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7 million. Since 1991, Croatia's death rate has continuously exceeded its birth rate ; the natural growth rate of the population is negative. Croatia is in the fourth (or fifth) stage of the demographic transition . In terms of age structure,
16380-478: Was also incorporated into Yugoslavia. Only the small town of Muggia , near Trieste , being part of Zone A remained with Italy. The events of the period are visible in Pula . The city, located on the southernmost tip of the Istrian peninsula, had an Istrian Italian majority. Between December 1946 and September 1947, a large proportion of the city's inhabitants were forced to emigrate to Italy . Most of them left in
16510-651: Was construction industry comprising 143,336 jobs that year. In the same year, more than 100,000 were employed in public administration, defence and compulsory social insurance sector as well as in education. Since 2009, negative trends persisted in Croatia with jobs in the industry declined further by 3.5%. Number of unemployed and retired persons combined exceeded number of employed in August 2010, as it fell to 1.474 million. In 2009, labour force consisted of 1.765 million persons out of 3.7 million working age population—aged 15 and over. In October 2011, unemployment rate stood at 17.4%. 7.2% of employed persons hold
16640-461: Was forced or compelled to leave after World War II and similar fate was suffered by the Italian population. Late 19th century and the 20th century were marked by large scale economic migrations abroad. The 1940s and the 1950s in Yugoslavia were marked by internal migrations in Yugoslavia, as well as by urbanisation . Recently, significant migrations came as a result of the Croatian War of Independence when hundreds of thousands were displaced, while
16770-539: Was settled by people whose culture was different from Histrians. Earlier influence of the Iapodes was attested there, while at some time between the 4th and 1st century BC the Liburnians extended their territory and it became a part of Liburnia . On the northern side, Histria extended much further north and included the Italian city of Trieste. Some scholars speculate that the names Histri and Istria are related to
16900-429: Was successively controlled by the dukes of Carantania , Merania , Bavaria and by the patriarch of Aquileia , before it became the territory of the Republic of Venice in 1267. The medieval Croatian kingdom held only the far eastern part of Istria (the border was near the river Raša ), but they lost it to the Holy Roman Empire in the late 11th century. In 1145, the cities of Pula, Koper and Izola rose against
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