Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large. As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish a desire with anticipation".
103-460: Yeşil ( green in Turkish) may refer to: Mahmut Yıldırım (born 1953), Turkish contract killer also known as "Yeşil" Samed Yeşil (born 1994), German-Turkish footballer Yeşilırmak River , a river in northern Turkey [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Yeşil . If an internal link intending to refer to
206-500: A PIE root * ghre- "to grow", and root-cognate with grass and to grow . The first recorded use of the word as a color term in Old English dates to ca. AD 700. Latin with viridis also has a genuine and widely used term for "green". Related to virere "to grow" and ver "spring", it gave rise to words in several Romance languages , French vert , Italian verde (and English vert , verdure etc.). Likewise
309-694: A "Hope Scale" which considered that a person's determination to achieve their goal is their measured hope. Snyder differentiates between adult-measured hope and child-measured hope. The Adult Hope Scale by Snyder contains 12 questions; 4 measuring 'pathways thinking', 4 measuring 'agency thinking', and 4 that are simply fillers. Each subject responds to each question using an 8-point scale. Fibel and Hale measure hope by combining Snyder's Hope Scale with their own Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS) to empirically measure hope. Snyder regarded that psychotherapy can help focus attention on one's goals, drawing on tacit knowledge of how to reach them. Similarly, there
412-410: A blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a yellow-green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively) luminosity functions . The perception of greenness (in opposition to redness forming one of the opponent mechanisms in human color vision ) is evoked by light which triggers the medium-wavelength M cone cells in
515-407: A box that contained all manners of evil, unbeknownst to the receiver of the box. Pandora opened the box after being warned not to, and unleashed a multitude of harmful spirits that inflicted plagues, diseases, and illnesses on mankind. Spirits of greed, envy, hatred, mistrust, sorrow, anger, revenge, lust, and despair scattered far and wide looking for humans to torment. Inside the box, however, there
618-425: A camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin , the green pigment in bile , and ceruloplasmin , a protein that carries copper ions in chelation . The green huntsman spider is green due to the presence of bilin pigments in the spider's hemolymph (circulatory system fluids) and tissue fluids . It hunts insects in green vegetation, where it
721-486: A cognitive, psychological, social, or physical perspective. Such positive thinking bears fruit when based on a realistic sense of optimism, not on a naive "false hope". The psychologist Charles R. Snyder linked hope to the existence of a goal, combined with a determined plan for reaching that goal. Alfred Adler had similarly argued for the centrality of goal-seeking in human psychology, as too had philosophical anthropologists like Ernst Bloch . Snyder also stressed
824-413: A crucial and inherent aspect of human existence, not only by philosophers from various backgrounds but also by national and international courts, particularly in the past decade. Serving as an existential element within each individual, hope manifests itself in various ways in both private and public spheres. While past court considerations often focused on hopes arising from legal disputes and everyday life,
927-454: A green dye for clothing, made from the leaves of the birch tree. It was of very poor quality, more brown than green. Ceramics from ancient Mesopotamia show people wearing vivid green costumes, but it is not known how the colors were produced. In Ancient Egypt , green was the symbol of regeneration and rebirth, and of the crops made possible by the annual flooding of the Nile. For painting on
1030-485: A mix ratio 75:25 of boron and potassium nitrate . Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose , magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate . Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis . Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than
1133-533: A new politics of the left which rejected traditional socialism and communism. (See § In politics section below.) Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights . Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded
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#17328010404521236-573: A positive outcome for those who are in control in the wider society, when containment within the immediate family had failed. Object relations theory similarly sees the analytic transference as motivated in part by an unconscious hope that past conflicts and traumas can be dealt with anew. As a specialist in positive psychology , Snyder studied how hope and forgiveness can impact several aspects of life such as health, work, education, and personal meaning. He postulated that there are three main things that make up hopeful thinking: In other words, hope
1339-620: A source of hope for Christians: "For in this hope we have been saved" (see Romans 8:24). According to the Holman Bible Dictionary , hope is a "[t]rustful expectation...the anticipation of a favorable outcome under God's guidance." In The Pilgrim's Progress , it is Hopeful who comforts Christian in Doubting Castle; while conversely at the entrance to Dante's Hell were the words, "Lay down all hope, you that go in by me". In historic literature of Hinduism, hope
1442-452: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yeşil&oldid=1223948451 " Categories : Surnames Turkish-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Green Green
1545-445: A supplement to more traditional cognitive behavioral therapies . In terms of support for physical illness, research suggests that hope can encourage the release of endorphins and enkephalins , which help to block pain. There are two main arguments based on judgment against those who are advocates of using hope to help treat severe illnesses . The first of which is that if physicians have too much hope, they may aggressively treat
1648-593: A term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow"). In the comparative study of color terms in the world's languages, green is only found as a separate category in languages with the fully developed range of six colors (white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue), or more rarely in systems with five colors (white, red, yellow, green, and black/blue). These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like
1751-442: A traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red. In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550 nm ; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between –
1854-630: A way to maintain personal motivation, which ultimately will result in a greater sense of optimism. Hope, and more specifically, particularized hope, has been shown to be an important part of the recovery process from illness; it has strong psychological benefits for patients, helping them to cope more effectively with their disease. For example, hope motivates people to pursue healthy behaviors for recovery, such as eating fruits and vegetables, quitting smoking, and engaging in regular physical activity . This not only helps to enhance people's recovery from illnesses but also helps prevent illness from developing in
1957-757: Is a commonly used coloring in the United Kingdom but is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States. Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity , asthma , urticaria , and insomnia . To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts , such as barium chlorate , barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride , also used for green fireplace logs. Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames. Green pyrotechnic flares can use
2060-487: Is a powerful protector against chronic or life-threatening illnesses. A person’s hope (even when facing an illness that will likely end their life) can be helpful by finding joy or comfort. It can be created and focused on achieving life goals, such as meeting grandchildren or attending a child’s wedding. Hope can be an opportunity for us to process and go through events, that can be traumatic. A setback in life, an accident, or our own final months of living can be times when hope
2163-656: Is also sometimes associated with toxicity and poor health, but in China and most of Asia, its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement . Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement , some naming themselves Green parties . This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly , products. Green
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#17328010404522266-729: Is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene , which, like the German word grün , has the same root as the words grass and grow . It is from a Common Germanic *gronja - , which is also reflected in Old Norse grænn , Old High German gruoni (but unattested in East Germanic ), ultimately from
2369-425: Is an outlook and a grasp of reality to hope, distinguishing No Hope , Lost Hope , False Hope and Real Hope , which differ in terms of viewpoint and realism. Contemporary philosopher Richard Rorty understands hope as more than goal setting , rather as a metanarrative , a story that serves as a promise or reason for expecting a better future. Rorty as postmodernist believes past meta–narratives, including
2472-403: Is associated with the east, with sunrise, and with life and growth. In Thailand, the color green is considered auspicious for those born on a Wednesday (light green for those born at night). Green is the color most commonly associated in the United States and Europe with springtime, freshness, and hope. Green is often used to symbolize rebirth and renewal and immortality. In Ancient Egypt ;
2575-513: Is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens." In the 1980s, green became a political symbol, the color of the Green Party in Germany and in many other European countries. It symbolized the environmental movement , and also
2678-485: Is cognate with the Ancient Greek γλαυκός "bluish green", contrasting with χλωρός "yellowish green" discussed above. In modern Japanese, the term for green is 緑 , while the old term for "blue/green", blue ( 青 , Ao ) now means "blue". But in certain contexts, green is still conventionally referred to as 青, as in blue traffic light ( 青信号 , ao shingō ) and blue leaves ( 青葉 , aoba ) , reflecting
2781-424: Is comfort and serves as a pathway from one stage to the next. The inclusion of hope in treatment programs has potential in both physical and mental health settings. Hope as a mechanism for improved treatment has been studied in the contexts of PTSD, chronic physical illness, and terminal illness, among other disorders and ailments. Within mental health practice, clinicians have suggested using hope interventions as
2884-561: Is considered a shade of aoi; similarly, green variants of certain fruits and vegetables such as green apples, green shiso (as opposed to red apples and red shiso) will be described with the word aoi . Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh , with variants such as xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), and lục (green; also xanh lá cây , lit. "leaf green"). "Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using
2987-425: Is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness , including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or red-green color blindness. Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue. In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan ; in
3090-562: Is more difficult, as the individual most likely does not have direct control over the future of their health. Instead, Herth suggests that the goals should be concerned with how the individual is going to personally deal with the illness—"Instead of drinking to ease the pain of my illness, I am going to surround myself with friends and family". While the nature of the goals in Snyder's model differ with those in Herth's model, they both view hope as
3193-466: Is often a motivating force for change in dynamic characters. A commonly understood reference from western popular culture is the subtitle " A New Hope " from the original first installment (now considered Episode IV) in the Star Wars science fiction space opera . The subtitle refers to one of the lead characters, Luke Skywalker , who is expected in the future to allow good to triumph over evil within
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3296-482: Is rarely found in Greek art. The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus , the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards. The Romans made a fine green earth pigment that was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii , Herculaneum , Lyon , Vaison-la-Romaine , and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By
3399-482: Is referred to with Pratidhi (Sanskrit: प्रतिधी), or Apêksh (Sanskrit: अपेक्ष). It is discussed with the concepts of desire and wish. In Vedic philosophy , karma was linked to ritual sacrifices ( yajna ), hope and success linked to correct performance of these rituals. In Vishnu Smriti , the image of hope, morals and work is represented as the virtuous man who rides in a chariot directed by his hopeful mind to his desired wishes, drawn by his five senses, who keeps
3502-535: Is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum . It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm . In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue , which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. By far
3605-518: Is the color most commonly associated in Europe and the United States with nature, vivacity and life. It is the color of many environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace , and of the Green Parties in Europe. Many cities have designated a garden or park as a green space, and use green trash bins and containers. A green cross is commonly used to designate pharmacies in Europe. In China, green
3708-447: Is then passed through another crystal containing potassium, titanium and phosphorus (KTP), whose non-linear properties generate light at a frequency that is twice that of the incident beam (563.5 THz); in this case corresponding to the wavelength of 532 nm ("green"). Other green wavelengths are also available using DPSS technology ranging from 501 nm to 543 nm. Green wavelengths are also available from gas lasers , including
3811-583: Is well camouflaged. There is no green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma , given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin , with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Nobody is brought into the world with green eyes. An infant has one of two eye hues: dark or blue. Following birth, cells called melanocytes start to discharge melanin,
3914-713: The Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006 with changes to symbolism since but still maintaining the color green. In 2021, India introduced a green V to exclusively label vegan options. In the west, the V-Label , a green V designed by the European Vegetarian Union , has been used by food distributors to label vegan and vegetarian options. Hope Among its opposites are dejection, hopelessness , and despair . Hope finds expression through many dimensions of human life, including practical reasoning,
4017-457: The RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. On the HSV color wheel , also known as the RGB color wheel , the complement of green is magenta ; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples ). On
4120-534: The Slavic languages with zelenъ . Ancient Greek also had a term for yellowish, pale green – χλωρός , chloros (cf. the color of chlorine), cognate with χλοερός "verdant" and χλόη " chloe , the green of new growth". Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over
4223-632: The helium–neon laser (543 nm), the Argon- ion laser (514 nm) and the Krypton-ion laser (521 nm and 531 nm), as well as liquid dye lasers . Green lasers have a wide variety of applications, including pointing, illumination, surgery, laser light shows , spectroscopy , interferometry , fluorescence , holography , machine vision , non-lethal weapons , and bird control . As of mid-2011, direct green laser diodes at 510 nm and 500 nm have become generally available, although
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4326-448: The 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with Reseda luteola , also known as yellow-weed. The pigments available to painters were more varied; monks in monasteries used verdigris, made by soaking copper in fermenting wine, to color medieval manuscripts. They also used finely-ground malachite, which made a luminous green. They used green earth colors for backgrounds. During
4429-492: The Christian story, utilitarianism, and Marxism have proved false hopes; that theory cannot offer social hope; and that liberal man must learn to live without a consensual theory of social hope. Rorty says a new document of promise is needed for social hope to exist again. Of the countless models that examine the importance of hope in an individual's life, two major theories have gained a significant amount of recognition in
4532-508: The English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit). Thus, the Thai word เขียว kheīyw , besides meaning "green", also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations. The Celtic languages had a term for "blue/green/grey", Proto-Celtic *glasto- , which gave rise to Old Irish glas "green, grey" and to Welsh glas "blue". This word
4635-499: The RGB color model. A unique green (green appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) is produced on such a device by mixing light from the green primary with some light from the blue primary. Lasers emitting in the green part of the spectrum are widely available to the general public in a wide range of output powers. Green laser pointers outputting at 532 nm (563.5 THz ) are relatively inexpensive compared to other wavelengths of
4738-415: The absence of blue-green distinction in old Japanese (more accurately, the traditional Japanese color terminology grouped some shades of green with blue, and others with yellow tones). In optics, the perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm . The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm,
4841-403: The analogy to immature and unripe fruit. Examples include green cheese , a term for a fresh, unaged cheese, and greenhorn , an inexperienced person. The color green has been increasingly used by food companies, governments, and practitioners themselves to identify veganism and vegetarianism. The government of India requires food that is vegetarian to be marked with a green circle as part of
4944-417: The blue-green color is likely to be derived from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar . Copper is the source of the green color in malachite pigments, chemically known as basic copper(II) carbonate . Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying
5047-479: The body that can make recovery from chronic illness more likely. This chain reaction is especially evident with studies demonstrating the placebo effect , a situation when hope is the only variable aiding in these patients’ recovery. Overall, studies have demonstrated that maintaining a sense of hope during a period of recovery from illness is beneficial. A sense of hopelessness during the recovery period has, in many instances, resulted in adverse health conditions for
5150-520: The bride in the Arnolfini portrait by Jan van Eyck . There were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight for those who wanted or were required to wear green. Green dyes were made out of the fern , plantain , buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks , the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus , or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in
5253-641: The building of the Shanghai World Financial Center , Burj Khalifa and Taipei 101 , which has given rise to a prevailing hope within the countries of origin. In chaotic environments hope is transcended without cultural boundaries, Syrian refugee children are supported by UNESCO's education project through creative education and psycho-social assistance. Other inter-cultural support for instilling hope involve food culture, disengaging refugees from trauma through immersing them in their rich cultural past. Hope has been widely recognized as
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#17328010404525356-609: The chariot on the path of the virtuous, and thus is not distracted by the wrongs such as wrath, greed, and other vices. In the centuries that followed, the concept of karma changed from sacramental rituals to actual human action that builds and serves society and human existence –a philosophy epitomized in the Bhagavad Gita . Hope, in the structure of beliefs and motivations, is a long-term karmic concept. In Hindu belief, actions have consequences, and while one's effort and work may or may not bear near term fruits, it will serve
5459-451: The color green, 緑 ( midori , which is derived from the classical Japanese descriptive verb midoru "to be in leaf, to flourish" in reference to trees) and グリーン ( guriin , which is derived from the English word "green"). However, in Japan, although the traffic lights have the same colors as other countries have, the green light is described using the same word as for blue, aoi , because green
5562-407: The color of the sea and the color of trees. The philosopher Democritus described two different greens: chloron , or pale green, and prasinon , or leek green. Aristotle considered that green was located midway between black, symbolizing the earth, and white, symbolizing water. However, green was not counted among the four classic colors of Greek painting – red, yellow, black and white – and
5665-513: The correct pathways to do so. Whereas Snyder's theory focuses on hope as a mechanism to overcome an individual's lack of motivation to achieve goals, the other major theory developed by Kaye A. Herth deals more specifically with an individual's future goals as they relate to coping with illnesses. Herth views hope as "a motivational and cognitive attribute that is theoretically necessary to initiate and sustain action toward goal attainment". Establishing realistic and attainable goals in this situation
5768-442: The current predominant topic of discussion centers around the hope of incarcerated individuals seeking release. See, for instance, Graham v. Florida , 560 U.S. 48, 52 (2010). Riofrio's examination delves not only into specific expressions of the right to hope but also into the right to hope itself as a comprehensive concept. In this exploration, he draws connections between numerous legal doctrines addressing everyday hopes, such as
5871-403: The doctrines of legitimate expectations and loss of a chance. Drawing insights from extensive case law explicitly referencing the right to hope, international legal precedents, philosophical teachings from eminent scholars, and certain theological arguments, Riofrio concludes that the unenumerated right to hope encompasses four essential elements: Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in
5974-484: The early Renaissance, painters such as Duccio di Buoninsegna learned to paint faces first with a green undercoat, then with pink, which gave the faces a more realistic hue. Over the centuries the pink has faded, making some of the faces look green. The 18th and 19th centuries brought the discovery and production of synthetic green pigments and dyes, which rapidly replaced the earlier mineral and vegetable pigments and dyes. These new dyes were more stable and brilliant than
6077-693: The earthy colored shade, in the child's irises. This begins happening since melanocytes respond to light in time. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe . They can also be found in Southern Europe , West Asia , Central Asia , and South Asia . In Iceland , 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic and Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Neolithic cave paintings do not have traces of green pigments, but neolithic peoples in northern Europe did make
6180-427: The extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria. Animals typically use the color green as camouflage , blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by
6283-423: The eye more than the long-wavelength L cones. Light which triggers this greenness response more than the yellowness or blueness of the other color opponent mechanism is called green. A green light source typically has a spectral power distribution dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 487–570 nm. Human eyes have color receptors known as cone cells, of which there are three types. In some cases, one
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#17328010404526386-510: The field of psychology . One of these theories, developed by Charles R. Snyder , argues that hope should be viewed as a cognitive skill that demonstrates an individual's ability to maintain drive in the pursuit of a particular goal. This model reasons that an individual's ability to be hopeful depends on two types of thinking: agency thinking and pathway thinking. Agency thinking refers to an individual's determination to achieve their goals despite possible obstacles, while pathway thinking refers to
6489-413: The first place. Patients who maintain high levels of hope have an improved prognosis for life-threatening illness and an enhanced quality of life. Belief and expectation, which are key elements of hope, block pain in patients suffering from chronic illness by releasing endorphins and mimicking the effects of morphine. Consequently, through this process, belief and expectation can set off a chain reaction in
6592-564: The following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City , Utah . Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red. Green
6695-451: The god Osiris , king of the underworld, was depicted as green-skinned. Green as the color of hope is connected with the color of springtime; hope represents the faith that things will improve after a period of difficulty, like the renewal of flowers and plants after the winter season. Green the color most commonly associated in Europe and the United States with youth. It also often is used to describe anyone young, inexperienced, probably by
6798-460: The good, that the journey of one's diligent efforts ( karma ) and how one pursues the journey, sooner or later leads to bliss and moksha . Buddhism's teachings are centered around the concept of hope. It puts those who are suffering on a path to a more harmonious world and better well-being. Hope acts as a light to those who are lost or suffering. Factors of Saddha (faith), wisdom, and aspiration work together to form practical hope. Practical hope
6901-579: The green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny . It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks: it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact, and it
7004-604: The historic color of Islam , representing the lush vegetation of Paradise . It was the color of the banner of Muhammad , and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries. In surveys made in American , European, and Islamic countries , green is the color most commonly associated with nature , life , health , youth , spring , hope , and envy . In the European Union and the United States , green
7107-432: The largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll , the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage . Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald , which is colored green by its chromium content. During post-classical and early modern Europe, green
7210-465: The link between hope and mental willpower ( hardiness ), as well as the need for realistic perception of goals (problem orientation), arguing that the difference between hope and optimism was that the former can look like wishful thinking but the latter provides the energy to find practical pathways for an improved future. D. W. Winnicott saw a child's antisocial behavior as expressing as a cry for help, an unconscious hope, meaning an unspoken desire for
7313-684: The lush green of rural landscapes and forests. Green was contrasted to the smoky grays and blacks of the Industrial Revolution. The second half of the 19th century saw the use of green in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. One of the first to make color the central element of his picture was the American artist James McNeill Whistler , who created a series of paintings called "symphonies" or "noctures" of color, including Symphony in gray and green; The Ocean between 1866 and 1872. The late 19th century also brought
7416-435: The matter of globalization , hope is focused on economic and social empowerment. Focusing on parts of Asia, hope has taken on a secular or materialistic form in relation to the pursuit of economic growth. Primary examples are the rise of the economies of China and India , correlating with the notion of Chindia . A secondary relevant example is the increased use of contemporary architecture in rising economies, such as
7519-441: The more notable green minerals, however is the emerald , which is colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium . Chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), is called chrome green , also called viridian or institutional green when used as a pigment. For many years, the source of amazonite 's color was a mystery. Widely thought to have been due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors,
7622-403: The other evils, to fling away his life, but to go on letting himself be tormented again and again. Therefore he gives Man hope,—in reality it is the worst of all evils, because it prolongs the torments of Man. Elpis (Hope) appears in ancient Greek mythology with the story of Zeus and Prometheus . Prometheus stole fire from the god Zeus, which infuriated the supreme god. In turn, Zeus created
7725-458: The past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green". For example, the Slavic zelenъ is cognate with Sanskrit harithah "yellow, ochre, golden". The Turkic languages also have jašɨl "green" or "yellowish green", compared to a Mongolian word for "meadow". In some languages, including old Chinese , Thai , old Japanese , and Vietnamese ,
7828-540: The patient (i.e. depression and anxiety following the recovery process). Additionally, having a greater amount of hope before and during cognitive therapy has led to decreased PTSD-related depression symptoms in war veterans. Hope has also been found to be associated with more positive perceptions of subjective health. However, reviews of research literature have noted that the connections between hope and symptom severity in other mental health disorders are less clear, such as in cases of individuals with schizophrenia . Hope
7931-436: The patient and the physician. The impact that hope can have on a patient's recovery process is strongly supported through both empirical research and theoretical approaches. However, reviews of literature also maintain that more longitudinal and methodologically sound research is needed to establish which hope interventions are actually the most effective, and in what setting (i.e. chronic illness vs. terminal illness ). In
8034-401: The patient. The physician will hold on to a small shred of hope that the patient may get better. Thus, this causes them to try methods that are costly and may have many side effects. One physician noted that she regretted having hope for her patient; it resulted in her patient suffering through three more years of pain that the patient would not have endured if the physician had realized recovery
8137-486: The plot of the films. The swallow has been a symbol of hope, in Aesop's fables and numerous other historic literature. It symbolizes hope, in part because it is among the first birds to appear at the end of winter and the start of spring. Other symbols of hope include the anchor and the dove . Nietzsche took a contrarian but coherent view of hope:- ... Zeus did not wish man, however much he might be tormented by
8240-547: The price remains relatively prohibitive for widespread public use. The efficiency of these lasers (peak 3%) compared to that of DPSS green lasers (peak 35%) may also be limiting adoption of the diodes to niche uses. Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among
8343-514: The related concept of "trust" and that "toḥelet" signifies "expectation". Hope is one of the three theological virtues of the Christian religion, alongside faith and love . "Hope" in the Holy Bible means "a strong and confident expectation" of future reward (see Titus 1:2). In modern terms, hope is akin to trust and a confident expectation". Paul the Apostle argued that Christ was
8446-468: The religious virtue of hope , legal doctrine, and literature alongside cultural and mythological aspects. Professor of Psychology Barbara Fredrickson argues that hope comes into its own when crisis looms, opening us to new creative possibilities. Frederickson argues that with great need comes an unusually wide range of ideas, as well as such positive emotions as happiness and joy, courage, and empowerment, drawn from four different areas of one's self: from
8549-475: The roots of the woad plant. For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris , was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It
8652-459: The same power, and are very popular due to their good beam quality and very high apparent brightness. The most common green lasers use diode pumped solid state ( DPSS ) technology to create the green light. An infrared laser diode at 808 nm is used to pump a crystal of neodymium- doped yttrium vanadium oxide (Nd:YVO4) or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) and induces it to emit 281.76 THz (1064 nm). This deeper infrared light
8755-661: The same word can mean either blue or green. The Chinese character 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin , ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese ) has a meaning that covers both blue and green; blue and green are traditionally considered shades of " 青 ". In more contemporary terms, they are 藍 ( lán , in Mandarin) and 綠 ( lǜ , in Mandarin) respectively. Japanese also has two terms that refer specifically to
8858-558: The second century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the color of clothing showed a person's social rank and profession. Red could only be worn by the nobility, brown and gray by peasants, and green by merchants, bankers and the gentry and their families. The Mona Lisa wears green in her portrait, as does
8961-537: The slobber dripping from the mouth of Fenris Wolf : their concept of courage rated most highly a cheerful bravery in the absence of hope. Hope is a key concept in most major world religions, often signifying the "hoper" believes an individual or a collective group will reach a concept of heaven . Depending on the religion, hope can be seen as a prerequisite for and/or byproduct of spiritual attainment. The Jewish Encyclopedia notes "tiḳwah" (תקווה) and "seber" as terms for hope, adding that "miḳweh" and "kislah" denote
9064-475: The soul and sings the tune without the words and never stops at all. A classic reference to hope which has entered modern language is the concept that "Hope springs eternal" taken from Alexander Pope 's Essay on Man , the phrase reading "Hope springs eternal in the human breast, Man never is, but always to be blest:" Another popular reference, "Hope is the thing with feathers," is from a poem by Emily Dickinson . Hope can be used as an artistic plot device and
9167-572: The surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as
9270-420: The systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh . Describing his painting, The Night Cafe , to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall
9373-400: The vegetable dyes, but some contained high levels of arsenic , and were eventually banned. In the 18th and 19th centuries, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as John Constable and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot depicted
9476-426: The walls of tombs or on papyrus, Egyptian artists used finely ground malachite , mined in the west Sinai and the eastern desert; a paintbox with malachite pigment was found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun . They also used less expensive green earth pigment, or mixed yellow ochre and blue azurite . To dye fabrics green, they first colored them yellow with dye made from saffron and then soaked them in blue dye from
9579-433: The wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin . The new organisms that then later came to dominate
9682-557: The ways in which an individual believes they can achieve these personal goals. Snyder's theory uses hope as a mechanism that is most often seen in psychotherapy . In these instances, the therapist helps their client overcome barriers that have prevented them from achieving goals. The therapist would then help the client set realistic and relevant personal goals (i.e. "I am going to find something I am passionate about and that makes me feel good about myself"), and would help them remain hopeful of their ability to achieve these goals, and suggest
9785-430: Was toxic . Leonardo da Vinci , in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green . Viridian, as described above, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it
9888-629: Was a new synthetic green created by a chemist named Pannetier in Paris in about 1835. Emerald green was a synthetic deep green made in the 19th century by hydrating chrome oxide. It was also known as Guignet green. There is no natural source for green food colorings which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration . Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials. Quinoline Yellow (E104)
9991-417: Was also an unreleased healing spirit named Hope. From ancient times, people have recognized that a spirit of hope had the power to heal afflictions and helps them bear times of great suffering, illnesses, disasters, loss, and pain caused by the malevolent spirits and events. In Hesiod 's Works and Days , the personification of hope is named Elpis . Norse mythology however considered Hope ( Vön ) to be
10094-461: Was crushed, washed to remove impurities, then powdered. It was sometimes called Green of Verona. Mixtures of oxidized cobalt and zinc were also used to create green paints as early as the 18th century. Cobalt green , sometimes known as Rinman's green or zinc green, is a translucent green pigment made by heating a mixture of cobalt (II) oxide and zinc oxide. Sven Rinman , a Swedish chemist, discovered this compound in 1780. Green chrome oxide
10197-433: Was defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. Snyder argues that individuals who are able to realize these three components and develop a belief in their ability are hopeful people who can establish clear goals, imagine multiple workable pathways toward those goals, and persevere, even when obstacles get in their way. Snyder proposed
10300-700: Was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue , to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Café Terrace at Night . Green earth is a natural pigment used since the time of the Roman Empire . It is composed of clay colored by iron oxide , magnesium , aluminum silicate , or potassium . Large deposits were found in the South of France near Nice , and in Italy around Verona , on Cyprus , and in Bohemia . The clay
10403-568: Was the color commonly associated with wealth, merchants, bankers, and the gentry, while red was reserved for the nobility. For this reason, the costume of the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci and the benches in the British House of Commons are green while those in the House of Lords are red. It also has a long historical tradition as the color of Ireland and of Gaelic culture . It is
10506-465: Was unfeasible. The second argument is the division between hope and wishing . Those that are hopeful are actively trying to investigate the best path of action while taking into consideration the obstacles. Research has shown though that many of those who have "hope" are wishfully thinking and passively going through the motions, as if they are in denial about their actual circumstances. Being in denial and having too much hope may negatively impact both
10609-429: Was worn by both the living and the dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the "Very Green". In Ancient Greece, green and blue were sometimes considered the same color, and the same word sometimes described
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