72-461: Tākaka is a small town situated at the southeastern end of Golden Bay , at the northern end of New Zealand's South Island , located on the lower reaches of the Tākaka River . State Highway 60 runs through Takaka and follows the river valley before climbing over Tākaka Hill , to Motueka (57 km away) linking Golden Bay with the more populated coast of Tasman Bay to the southeast. The town
144-528: A 33% to 40% recovery of magnetite by weight, to produce a concentrate grading in excess of 64% iron by weight. The typical magnetite iron ore concentrate has less than 0.1% phosphorus , 3–7% silica , and less than 3% aluminium . As of 2019, magnetite iron ore is mined in Minnesota and Michigan in the United States , eastern Canada , and northern Sweden . Magnetite-bearing banded iron formation
216-696: A benchmark to be followed by the rest of the industry. Singapore Mercantile Exchange (SMX) has launched the world's first global iron ore futures contract, based on the Metal Bulletin Iron Ore Index (MBIOI) which uses daily price data from a broad spectrum of industry participants and independent Chinese steel consultancy and data provider Shanghai Steelhome's widespread contact base of steel producers and iron ore traders across China. The futures contract has seen monthly volumes over 1,500,000 t (1,500,000 long tons; 1,700,000 short tons) after eight months of trading. This move follows
288-612: A dairy factory. There were fears that volatile chemicals stored at the plant might explode, leading to the release of poisonous gases, which later proved to be unfounded. In July 2020, the name of the town was officially gazetted as Tākaka by the New Zealand Geographic Board . The area around Tākaka Hill is dominated by its karst geology. This creates sinkholes and cave systems, including New Zealand's deepest vertical shaft, Harwoods Hole . Lake Killarney in Tākaka
360-474: A dead end, but the maze is too small to get lost in. Doll figurines and toy dinosaurs poked into crevices add to the labyrinth's fairytale Jurassic Park experience. Founded by an English geologist, Dave Whittaker, it is now a public reserve. Entrance is free. Paines Ford (also known as Paynes Ford) is a swimming hole and rock climbing spot on the confluence of the Waingara and Takaka rivers. An easy trail from
432-671: A local hotel. The bank moved into the premises pictured in 1915. The building was built out of reinforced concrete supplied by the Golden Bay Cement Company. Gas lighting was initially used and this was replaced with electric lighting in 1930. The bank survived the Murchison earthquake of 1929 without any structural damage. In 1983 floods entered the bank but did little damage. The building is currently used as an art gallery. On this site in Commercial Street
504-752: A population density of 113 people per km. Tākaka had a population of 1,335 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 99 people (8.0%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 183 people (15.9%) since the 2006 census . There were 552 households, comprising 657 males and 678 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female. The median age was 47.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 222 people (16.6%) aged under 15 years, 189 (14.2%) aged 15 to 29, 621 (46.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 306 (22.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 94.8% European/ Pākehā , 10.8% Māori , 1.1% Pasifika , 2.0% Asian , and 2.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
576-424: A premium price. Due to the high density of hematite relative to associated silicate gangue, hematite beneficiation usually involves a combination of beneficiation techniques. One method relies on passing the finely-crushed ore over a slurry containing magnetite or other agent such as ferrosilicon which increases its density. When the density of the slurry is properly calibrated, the hematite will sink and
648-453: A relatively low-grade ore, they are also inexpensive to collect, as they do not have to be mined. Because of this, companies such as Magnetation have started reclamation projects where they use iron ore tailings as a source of metallic iron. The two main methods of recycling iron from iron ore tailings are magnetizing roasting and direct reduction. Magnetizing roasting uses temperatures between 700 and 900 °C (1,292 and 1,652 °F) for
720-412: A roll of 130, and Central Takaka School with a roll of 42. There is also a primary school in nearby Motupipi . The Golden Bay Museum – Te Waka Huia o Mohua has displays on Abel Tasman 's 1642 encounter with Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri (the local Māori tribe), Golden Bay's industrial past, and a pilot whale skeleton. It opened in 1990 after a fundraising effort by the community purchased the collections of
792-616: A source of iron ore. Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely-available goethite or bog ore , for example, during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars . Historically, much of the iron ore utilized by industrialized societies has been mined from predominantly hematite deposits with grades of around 70% Fe. These deposits are commonly referred to as "direct shipping ores" or "natural ores". Increasing iron ore demand, coupled with
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#1732790956639864-606: A switch to index-based quarterly pricing by the world's three largest iron ore miners— Vale , Rio Tinto , and BHP —in early 2010, breaking a 40-year tradition of benchmark annual pricing. Iron is the most abundant element on earth but not in the crust. The extent of the accessible iron ore reserves is not known, though Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute suggested in 2006 that iron ore could run out within 64 years (that is, by 2070), based on 2% growth in demand per year. Geoscience Australia calculates that
936-534: A taniwha in the nearby Parapara River is similar to one told about the Parapara strait, which separates Taha'a from Motue'a island. From 1853 to 1876, Tākaka was administered as part of the Nelson Province . Sawmilling was an important business for Tākaka in the 1870s. The Takaka tramway was built in 1880. Prior to that time timber was transported to the port by teams of bullocks which would often leave
1008-418: A time of under 1 hour to produce an iron concentrate (Fe 3 O 4 ) to be used for iron smelting. For magnetizing roasting, it is important to have a reducing atmosphere to prevent oxidization and the formation of Fe 2 O 3 because it is harder to separate as it is less magnetic. Direct reduction uses hotter temperatures of over 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) and longer times of 2–5 hours. Direct reduction
1080-655: A typically titanium -bearing magnetite, often with vanadium . These ores form a niche market, with specialty smelters used to recover the iron, titanium, and vanadium. These ores are beneficiated essentially similarly to banded iron formation ores, but usually are more easily upgraded via crushing and screening . The typical titanomagnetite concentrate grades 57% Fe, 12% Ti, and 0.5% V 2 O 5 . For every one ton of iron ore concentrate produced, approximately 2.5–3.0 tons of iron ore tailings will be discharged. Statistics show that there are 130 million tons of iron ore tailings discharged every year. If, for example,
1152-659: A value of $ 2.3 billion. 46% of Canada's iron ore comes from the Iron Ore Company of Canada mine, in Labrador City , Newfoundland , with secondary sources including the Mary River Mine in Nunavut . According to the U.S. Geological Survey's 2021 Report on iron ore, India is estimated to produce 59,000,000 t (58,000,000 long tons; 65,000,000 short tons) of iron ore in 2020, placing it as
1224-531: Is 1080 and the letter G because of its unique "no-hands-rest" at the top and its views of Golden Bay. The Masonic lodge was originally built as a cinema in 1926 outside the town boundary, as for reasons unknown, a cinema was not permitted in the town. It was a popular addition to the town before being sold in 1937 and became the Masonic lodge. The Collingwood Lodge and the Takaka Lodge merged in 1972 became
1296-511: Is a high-volume, low-margin business, as the value of iron is significantly lower than base metals. It is highly capital intensive, and requires significant investment in infrastructure such as rail in order to transport the ore from the mine to a freight ship. For these reasons, iron ore production is concentrated in the hands of a few major players. World production averages 2,000,000,000 t (2.0 × 10 long tons; 2.2 × 10 short tons) of raw ore annually. The world's largest producer of iron ore
1368-477: Is a sinkhole filled with groundwater. Tākaka and Golden Bay are known for rock climbing , particularly around the area of Paines Ford. The town is also known for Te Waikoropupū Springs (colloquially known as Pupu Springs). The antipode of Tākaka is the town of Coriscada , Portugal. Tākaka is one of the warmest locations in the South Island, due to its northerly position and maritime influences from
1440-428: Is expected to rise by a CAGR of 2% between 2023 and 2027, and industry analyst Fitch Solutions forecasted in 2021 that Brazil's annual production will reach 592,000,000 t (583,000,000 long tons; 653,000,000 short tons) by 2030. In 2017, Canadian iron ore mines produced 49,000,000 t (48,000,000 long tons; 54,000,000 short tons) of iron ore in concentrate pellets and 13.6 million tons of crude steel. Of
1512-510: Is followed by Japan and Korea, which consume a significant amount of raw iron ore and metallurgical coal . In 2006, China produced 588,000,000 t (579,000,000 long tons; 648,000,000 short tons) of iron ore, with an annual growth of 38%. Over the last 40 years, iron ore prices have been decided in closed-door negotiations between the small handful of miners and steelmakers which dominate both spot and contract markets. Until 2006, prices were determined in annual benchmark negotiations between
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#17327909566391584-603: Is in the iron ranges around Lake Superior . These iron ranges occur in Minnesota and Michigan, which combined accounted for 93% of the usable iron ore produced in the United States in 2014. Seven of the nine operational open pit mines in the United States are located in Minnesota as well as two of the three tailings reclamation operations. The other two active open pit mines were located in Michigan . In 2016, one of
1656-427: Is located on Commercial Street, Tākaka. The Eureka boarding house was built in 1906. A milk bar was added to the front of the building in the 1950s. It has since been modified further to provide more shop frontage. The Takaka Golf Club had a number of homes on local farms before shifting to Crown land at Clifton that was able to be rented for a token amount in perpetuity in 1959. Golden Bay From Misplaced Pages,
1728-709: Is mined extensively in Brazil as of 2019, which exports significant quantities to Asia , and there is a nascent and large magnetite iron ore industry in Australia . Direct-shipping iron ore (DSO) deposits (typically composed of hematite ) are currently exploited on all continents except Antarctica , with the largest intensity in South America , Australia, and Asia. Most large hematite iron ore deposits are sourced from altered banded iron formations and (rarely) igneous accumulations. DSO deposits are typically rarer than
1800-399: Is mineral-rich, with gold , iron ore , copper , silver and asbestos all found locally, although not all in commercially viable amounts. There is also a small Fonterra factory located in the township of Tākaka that produces skim milk powder. There are 83 dairy farms supplying the factory, which can process about 525,000 litres (139,000 US gal) a day into skim milk powder. Cream
1872-587: Is produced as a by-product, and is shipped to the Clandeboye factory for further processing. The $ 80 million Takaka dairy factory was damaged by a fire in 2005. More than 60 firefighters battled the fire, which was caused by contractors completing welding work. It has subsequently been rebuilt. In 2009, it was reported that it employed nearly 50 staff and contributed $ 3 million in wages to the local economy. Tākaka covers 12.52 km (4.83 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,420 as of June 2024, with
1944-610: Is served by Tākaka Aerodrome . The area has long had Māori settlement. An early nation is Ngāti Tumatakōkiri , then Ngāti Apa and today the iwi are known as Manawhenua ki Mohua Ngāti Tama , Ngāti Rarua and Te Āti Awa , these nations (iwi) migrating from the North Island in the 1820s. The name of the town may derive from Taha'a island in the Society Islands in French Polynesia . A local myth about
2016-463: Is the raw material used to make pig iron , which is one of the main raw materials to make steel —98% of the mined iron ore is used to make steel. In 2011 the Financial Times quoted Christopher LaFemina, mining analyst at Barclays Capital, saying that iron ore is "more integral to the global economy than any other commodity, except perhaps oil ". Metallic iron is virtually unknown on
2088-481: Is the Brazilian mining corporation Vale , followed by Australian companies Rio Tinto Group and BHP . A further Australian supplier, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, has helped bring Australia's production to first in the world. The seaborne trade in iron ore—that is, iron ore to be shipped to other countries—was 849,000,000 t (836,000,000 long tons; 936,000,000 short tons) in 2004. Australia and Brazil dominate
2160-425: Is used to produce sponge iron (Fe) to be used for steel-making. Direct reduction requires more energy, as the temperatures are higher and the time is longer and it requires more reducing agent than magnetizing roasting. Lower-grade sources of iron ore generally require beneficiation , using techniques like crushing, milling , gravity or heavy media separation , screening, and silica froth flotation to improve
2232-467: Is usually found in the form of magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 , 72.4% Fe), hematite ( Fe 2 O 3 , 69.9% Fe), goethite ( FeO(OH) , 62.9% Fe), limonite ( FeO(OH)·n(H 2 O) , 55% Fe), or siderite ( FeCO 3 , 48.2% Fe). Ores containing very high quantities of hematite or magnetite, typically greater than about 60% iron, are known as natural ore or direct shipping ore , and can be fed directly into iron-making blast furnaces . Iron ore
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2304-905: The Chichester Range , the Hamersley Range and Koolyanobbing , Western Australia . Other types of ore are coming to the fore recently, such as oxidised ferruginous hardcaps, for instance laterite iron ore deposits near Lake Argyle in Western Australia. The total recoverable reserves of iron ore in India are about 9,602,000,000 t (9.450 × 10 long tons; 1.0584 × 10 short tons) of hematite and 3,408,000,000 t (3.354 × 10 long tons; 3.757 × 10 short tons) of magnetite . Chhattisgarh , Madhya Pradesh , Karnataka , Jharkhand , Odisha , Goa , Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala , Rajasthan , and Tamil Nadu are
2376-602: The Earth 's surface except as iron-nickel alloys from meteorites and very rare forms of deep mantle xenoliths . Although iron is the fourth-most abundant element in the Earth's crust , composing about 5%, the vast majority is bound in silicate or, more rarely, carbonate minerals, and smelting pure iron from these minerals would require a prohibitive amount of energy. Therefore, all sources of iron used by human industry exploit comparatively rarer iron oxide minerals, primarily hematite . Prehistoric societies used laterite as
2448-564: The Pilbara region of Western Australia is approximately 844,000,000 t (831,000,000 long tons; 930,000,000 short tons) per year and rising. Gavin Mudd ( RMIT University ) and Jonathon Law ( CSIRO ) expect it to be gone within 30–50 years and 56 years, respectively. These 2010 estimates require ongoing review to take into account shifting demand for lower-grade iron ore and improving mining and recovery techniques (allowing deeper mining below
2520-407: The silicate mineral fragments will float and can be removed. Iron is the world's most commonly used metal—steel, of which iron ore is the key ingredient, represents almost 95% of all metal used per year. It is used primarily in structures, ships, automobiles, and machinery. Iron-rich rocks are common worldwide, but ore-grade commercial mining operations are dominated by the countries listed in
2592-420: The 13,600,000 t (13,400,000 long tons; 15,000,000 short tons) of steel 7,000,000 t (6,900,000 long tons; 7,700,000 short tons) was exported, and 43,100,000 t (42,400,000 long tons; 47,500,000 short tons) of iron ore was exported at a value of $ 4.6 billion. Of the iron ore exported, 38.5% of the volume was iron ore pellets with a value of $ 2.3 billion, and 61.5% was iron ore concentrates with
2664-691: The 62–64% Fe range. Granite and ultrapotassic igneous rocks were sometimes used to segregate magnetite crystals and form masses of magnetite suitable for economic concentration. A few iron ore deposits, notably in Chile , are formed from volcanic flows containing significant accumulations of magnetite phenocrysts . Chilean magnetite iron ore deposits within the Atacama Desert have also formed alluvial accumulations of magnetite in streams leading from these volcanic formations. Some magnetite skarn and hydrothermal deposits have been worked in
2736-519: The Golden Bay Lodge No 144. The Golden Bay theatre was opened in May 1927. Electricity became available in 1929 with a petrol engine used prior to this to provide power. When television arrived, theatre numbers declined and it was used for other public functions. In 1978 it was converted into a cafe and art gallery. The Bank of New Zealand first engaged in business in Tākaka in 1884 based in
2808-824: The Golden Bay. Because of the hills in the Kahurangi National Park to the south-west of Tākaka, the town receives substantially less rainfall than the West Coast. Tākaka's location on the leeward side of these hills allow the wind to become warmer and drier as it flows down towards the town, allowing an average of 22 days a year to exceed 26.7 °C (80 °F). On the contrary, being a few kilometres inland, cold air can settle over Tākaka on winter mornings, resulting in an average of 17.2 frosty days per year. Farming, sawmilling, limestone quarrying and tourism are major local industries. The area around Tākaka
2880-429: The United States is estimated to have accounted for 2% of the world's iron ore output. In the United States there are twelve iron ore mines, with nine being open pit mines and three being reclamation operations. There were also ten pelletizing plants, nine concentration plants, two direct-reduced iron (DRI) plants, and one iron nugget plant that were operating in 2014. In the United States the majority of iron ore mining
2952-447: The carpark follows the route of a tramline, that existed to haul timber out of the surrounding forest in the early 1880s, to a number of swimming holes surrounded by limestone rock formations. The entrance and carpark is located at 1886 Takaka Valley, Highway SH60, which is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of central Takaka. Alternatively, it is about a 20 minutes walk from Tākaka. Paines Ford has over 200 bolted climbs. The most famous climb
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3024-411: The concentration of the ore and remove impurities. The results, high-quality fine ore powders, are known as fines. Magnetite is magnetic , and hence easily separated from the gangue minerals and capable of producing a high-grade concentrate with very low levels of impurities. The grain size of the magnetite and its degree of commingling with the silica groundmass determine the grind size to which
3096-533: The country's " economic demonstrated resources " of iron currently amount to 24 gigatonnes , or 24,000,000,000 t (2.4 × 10 long tons; 2.6 × 10 short tons). Another estimate places Australia's reserves of iron ore at 52,000,000,000 t (5.1 × 10 long tons; 5.7 × 10 short tons), or 30% of the world's estimated 170,000,000,000 t (1.7 × 10 long tons; 1.9 × 10 short tons), of which Western Australia accounts for 28,000,000,000 t (2.8 × 10 long tons; 3.1 × 10 short tons). The current production rate from
3168-584: The depletion of high-grade hematite ores in the United States, led after World War II to the development of lower-grade iron ore sources, principally the use of magnetite and taconite . Iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. There are four main types of iron ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. These are magnetite, titanomagnetite , massive hematite, and pisolitic ironstone deposits. The origin of iron can be ultimately traced to its formation through nuclear fusion in stars, and most of
3240-533: The 💕 Golden Bay may refer to: Golden Bay / Mohua , a bay at the northern end of New Zealand's South Island Golden Bay (Malta) , a bay and beach on the coastline of Malta Golden Bay High School , a high school in Tākaka, New Zealand Golden Bay, Western Australia , a suburb in Perth, Western Australia [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with
3312-442: The gangue is separated during the beneficiation process and is removed as tailings . Taconite tailings are mostly the mineral quartz , which is chemically inert. This material is stored in large, regulated water settling ponds. The key parameters for magnetite ore being economic are the crystallinity of the magnetite, the grade of the iron within the banded iron formation host rock, and the contaminant elements which exist within
3384-800: The groundwater table). Brazil is the second-largest producer of iron ore after Australia, accounting for 16% of the world's iron ore production. After a somewhat sluggish production volume 2010-2020, partly due to the Mariana dam disaster in 2015 and the Brumadinho dam disaster in 2019, which halted the production at the two involved mines, production has increased steadily since 2021, when Brazil produced 431,000,000 t (424,000,000 long tons; 475,000,000 short tons). In 2022 it increased to 435,000,000 t (428,000,000 long tons; 480,000,000 short tons) and in 2023 to 440,000,000 t (430,000,000 long tons; 490,000,000 short tons). The Brazilian production
3456-450: The iron and carbon smelting must be kept in an oxygen-deficient (reducing) state to promote the burning of carbon to produce CO and not CO 2 . The inclusion of even small amounts of some elements can have profound effects on the behavioral characteristics of a batch of iron or the operation of a smelter. These effects can be both good and bad, some catastrophically bad. Some chemicals are deliberately added, such as flux, which makes
3528-413: The iron from the oxygen, a stronger elemental bond must be presented to attach to the oxygen. Carbon is used because the strength of a carbon-oxygen bond is greater than that of the iron-oxygen bond at high temperatures. Thus, the iron ore must be powdered and mixed with coke , to be burnt in the smelting process. Carbon monoxide is the primary ingredient of chemically stripping oxygen from iron. Thus,
3600-895: The iron is thought to have originated in dying stars that are large enough to explode as supernovae . The Earth's core is thought to consist mainly of iron, but this is inaccessible from the surface. Some iron meteorites are thought to have originated from asteroids 1,000 km (620 mi) in diameter or larger. Banded iron formations (BIFs) are sedimentary rocks containing more than 15% iron composed predominantly of thinly-bedded iron minerals and silica (as quartz ). Banded iron formations occur exclusively in Precambrian rocks, and are commonly weakly-to-intensely metamorphosed . Banded iron formations may contain iron in carbonates ( siderite or ankerite ) or silicates ( minnesotaite , greenalite , or grunerite ), but in those mined as iron ores, oxides ( magnetite or hematite ) are
3672-423: The magnetite concentrate. The size and strip ratio of most magnetite resources is irrelevant, as a banded iron formation can be hundreds of meters thick, extend hundreds of kilometers along strike , and can easily come to more than three billion or more tonnes of contained ore. The typical grade of iron at which a magnetite-bearing banded iron formation becomes economic is roughly 25% iron, which can generally yield
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#17327909566393744-476: The magnetite-bearing BIF or other rocks which form its main source, or protolith rock, but are considerably cheaper to mine and process as they require less beneficiation due to the higher iron content. However, DSO ores can contain significantly higher concentrations of penalty elements, typically being higher in phosphorus, water content (especially pisolite sedimentary accumulations), and aluminium ( clays within pisolites). Export-grade DSO ores are generally in
3816-399: The main iron ore producers ( BHP Billiton , Rio Tinto , and Vale S.A. ) and Japanese importers. In 2006, Chinese company Baosteel began handling negotiations for the importer side. The Chinese government replaced Baosteel with China Iron and Steel Association as lead negotiator in 2009. Traditionally, the first deal reached between these the major producers and the major importers sets
3888-675: The main street of Tākaka looking like a rutted bog. After flooding in 1904 did significant damage to the tramway, it was sold in 1905 and the locomotive, rolling stock and rails were shipped to Onehunga by sea. Tākaka contributed soldiers to the Boer War , the First World War and the Second World War with 1, 44 and 25 respectively dying in each conflict. Onetahua Kokiri Marae (Manawhenua ki Mohua) in Pohara Valley
3960-410: The mine tailings contain an average of approximately 11% iron, there would be approximately 1.41 million tons of iron wasted annually. These tailings are also high in other useful metals such as copper , nickel , and cobalt , and they can be used for road-building materials like pavement and filler and building materials such as cement, low-grade glass, and wall materials. While tailings are
4032-509: The past as high-grade iron ore deposits requiring little beneficiation . There are several granite-associated deposits of this nature in Malaysia and Indonesia . Other sources of magnetite iron ore include metamorphic accumulations of massive magnetite ore such as at Savage River , Tasmania , formed by shearing of ophiolite ultramafics . Another, minor, source of iron ores are magmatic accumulations in layered intrusions which contain
4104-480: The principal Indian producers of iron ore. World consumption of iron ore grows 10% per year on average with the main consumers being China, Japan, Korea, the United States, and the European Union. China is currently the largest consumer of iron ore, which translates to be the world's largest steel producing country. It is also the largest importer, buying 52% of the seaborne trade in iron ore in 2004. China
4176-481: The principal iron mineral. Banded iron formations are known as taconite within North America. The mining involves moving tremendous amounts of ore and waste. The waste comes in two forms: non-ore bedrock in the mine ( overburden or interburden locally known as mullock), and unwanted minerals, which are an intrinsic part of the ore rock itself ( gangue ). The mullock is mined and piled in waste dumps , and
4248-636: The privately owned Takaka Museum. The current museum is owned and funded by Tasman District Council and operated by the Golden Bay Museum Society Inc. The Labyrinth Rocks Park is located on Scott Road. It is a two-hectare (4.9-acre) natural rock maze. Shaped by the chemistry of rainfall and rock, it is a part of the Takaka Hill karst landscape of sculptured rocks, corrugated walls and vertical clefts. Narrow passages lead to small groves of native bush or to another passage or to
4320-429: The quartz is left behind when the resultant powder is passed under a magnetic separator. Generally, most magnetite banded iron formation deposits must be ground to between 32 and 45 μm (0.0013 and 0.0018 in) in order to produce a low-silica magnetite concentrate. Magnetite concentrate grades are generally in excess of 70% iron by weight and usually are low in phosphorus, aluminium, titanium, and silica and demand
4392-407: The rock must be comminuted to enable efficient magnetic separation to provide a high-purity magnetite concentrate. This determines the energy inputs required to run a milling operation. Mining of banded iron formations involves coarse crushing and screening, followed by rough crushing and fine grinding to comminute the ore to the point where the crystallized magnetite and quartz are fine enough that
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#17327909566394464-679: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_Bay&oldid=1209983733 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron
4536-446: The seaborne trade, with 72% of the market. BHP, Rio and Vale control 66% of this market between them. In Australia , iron ore is won from three main sources: pisolite " channel iron deposit " ore derived by mechanical erosion of primary banded-iron formations and accumulated in alluvial channels such as at Pannawonica, Western Australia ; and the dominant metasomatically altered banded iron formation -related ores such as at Newman ,
4608-464: The seventh largest global center of iron ore production, behind Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, and South Africa. Producers of iron ore in Ukraine include Ferrexpo , Metinvest , and ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih . In 2014, mines in the United States produced 57,500,000 t (56,600,000 long tons; 63,400,000 short tons) of iron ore with an estimated value of $ 5.1 billion. Iron mining in
4680-451: The seventh-largest global center of iron ore production, behind Australia, Brazil, China, Russia, South Africa, and Ukraine. India's iron ore production in 2023 was 285,000,000 metric tonnes and was the fourth largest producer in the world. According to the U.S. Geological Survey's 2021 Report on iron ore, Ukraine is estimated to have produced 62,000,000 t (61,000,000 long tons; 68,000,000 short tons) of iron ore in 2020, placing it as
4752-401: The table aside. The major constraint to economics for iron ore deposits is not necessarily the grade or size of the deposits, because it is not particularly hard to geologically prove enough tonnage of the rocks exist. The main constraint is the position of the iron ore relative to market, the cost of rail infrastructure to get it to market, and the energy cost required to do so. Mining iron ore
4824-602: The two mines shut down. There have also been iron ore mines in Utah and Alabama ; however, the last iron ore mine in Utah shut down in 2014 and the last iron ore mine in Alabama shut down in 1975. Iron ores consist of oxygen and iron atoms bonded together into molecules. To convert it to metallic iron, it must be smelted or sent through a direct reduction process to remove the oxygen. Oxygen-iron bonds are strong, and to remove
4896-501: Was $ 24,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 90 people (8.1%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 483 (43.4%) people were employed full-time, 219 (19.7%) were part-time, and 27 (2.4%) were unemployed. Golden Bay High School is a co-educational state intermediate and high school for Year 7 to 13 students, with a roll of 322 as of August 2024. There are two primary schools for Year 1 to 6 students: Tākaka Primary School, with
4968-411: Was 18.4, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 64.5% had no religion, 24.9% were Christian , 0.2% were Hindu , 1.1% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 177 (15.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 243 (21.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
5040-527: Was added in 1900 and by 1960 the timber was covered in stucco. The bell tower was replaced in 1966 and the church was extended in 2002. The Church of the Sacred Heart was designed by Nelson architect Arthur Griffin , and built at a cost of £1250 using locally sourced marble. It was formally opened on 15 September 1918. The church requires structural strengthening to bring it up to the building code requirements and has not been used since 2011. St Andrew's
5112-430: Was established in 1986, used a re-purposed school in 1992 and in 2001 a meeting house named Te Ao Marama was opened. The name comes from the name for Farewell Spit . Te Ātiawa te Waka a Māui state that "Onetahua connects ancestrally to the waka Tokomaru , the maunga Parapara and the awa Waikoropupu ". In June 2005, much of the town was temporarily evacuated after fire swept through Tākaka's biggest industrial complex,
5184-668: Was originally a blacksmith. In 1929, the Golden Bay Electricity Board opened the building and occupied it until 2000. It is now occupied by the Department of Conservation. The Telegraph Hotel was built over 100 years ago. The Anglican church of the Epiphany is situated on Commercial Street. It was consecrated by the Bishop of Nelson in 1884. It was built from locally sawn matai and totara timber. A bell tower
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