44-631: Tūrangi is a small town on the west bank of the Tongariro River , 50 kilometres south-west of Taupō on the North Island Volcanic Plateau of New Zealand. It was built to accommodate the workers associated with the Tongariro hydro-electric power development project and their families. The town was designed to remain as a small servicing centre for the exotic forest plantations south of Lake Taupō and for tourists. It
88-428: A Mission Station at Pukawa . In the 1880s and 1890s brown and rainbow trout were introduced into the lake and rivers of the area. A small fishing camp was established at Taupahi on the Tongariro River bank (now Taupahi Road). European settlers used the camp for recreational fishing. In the 1920s two prison farms were opened at Rangipo and Hautu because of the isolated nature of the area. Also during this period
132-534: A Saturday and Access 14/13 are on the Sunday of the same weekend. Flows of 30 cubic metres per second (1,100 cu ft/s) are released from Rangipo Dam for a duration of 8 hours. Flows of 30 cumecs are released from the Poutu Intake for 6 hours. The Access 14/13 sections are not able to be paddled without a release from Genesis Energy , due to the fact that the minimum required flow from below Rangipo Dam
176-492: A northeast/southwest direction through largely uninhabited country to the south of Lake Taupō , east of the "Desert Road". Their slopes form part of the North Island Volcanic Plateau . The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "breath for food" for Kaimanawa . The lands around the mountains are scrubby. To the west, where the Rangipo Desert is located, the soils are poor quality. To
220-584: A number of battles against earlier inhabitants of the Taupō , Rotoaira and Kaimanawa area. Following these battles a variety of settlements were established in the area with major pa established on the cliff overlooking the Tongariro River and at Waitahanui on the Tongariro Delta. Another important settlement was at Tokaanu . The people who eventually become known as Ngāti Tūrangitukua associate mainly with Waitahanui pā . From here they established
264-641: A number of homesteads along both sides of the Tongariro River and its tributaries, including houses along the main Highway to Taumarunui (now Hirangi Road). In 1910 construction of a wharepuni begun which eventually became the Hirangi Marae complex. The first Europeans reached the Tūrangi area in the 1830s, however it was not until the 1850s that European settlement occurred with the construction of
308-421: A population density of 0.21 people per km . The very low population figure and rounding of numbers results in some odd figures in the census results. Kaimanawa had a population of 180 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 174 people (2900.0%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 123 people (215.8%) since the 2006 census . There were 0 households, comprising 177 males and 0 females. The median age
352-488: A township, it was decided proceed with the Turangi West site. Construction of the modern town began late in 1964. The Government invested $ 16 million in the development and by May 1966, the population of Tūrangi had jumped from 500 to 2,500 people. By 1968 the population reached a high of 6,500. A model town with curving streets and cul-de-sacs, uniform houses, pedestrian shopping centre, car parks and separation from
396-460: Is a drawcard for anglers the world over, who come to the Tongariro to fish for spawning rainbow trout and brown trout , which run up the river from the lake to spawn over the colder winter months. Approximately 75% of the trout in the Tongariro are rainbow trout, and 25% are brown trout. Unusually for a New Zealand river, the pools on the Tongariro River have officially accepted names. Pools on
440-453: Is negligible in terms of whitewater and the intake structure at Rangipo is able to take huge amounts of water; so if there is extra storm flow in these sections the flow is generally dangerously high. Access 10 is able to be paddled year-round as the minimum flow of 16 cubic metres per second (570 cu ft/s) below Poutu Intake is paddleable - albeit scratchy, and the amount of extra water able to be taken during storm events at Poutu Intake
484-483: Is relatively small so water is often spilled into the river. 38°56′17.00″S 175°46′51.70″E / 38.9380556°S 175.7810278°E / -38.9380556; 175.7810278 Kaimanawa Range The Kaimanawa Range , officially called the Kaimanawa Mountains since 16 July 2020, is a range of mountains in the central North Island of New Zealand . They extend for 50 kilometres in
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#1732779765118528-581: Is well known for its trout fishing and calls itself "the trout fishing capital of the world". The major Māori hapū (tribe) of the Tūrangi area is Ngāti Tūrangitukua . The Tūrangi area covers some 2273 km², and is located close to the edge of the Kaimanawa Ranges and ten kilometres north of the stretch of State Highway 1 known as the Desert Road . The streets around Tūrangi in autumn are lined with "brilliant" foliage. Built on
572-671: The Environment Waikato . Tūrangi is part of the Taupō electorate in New Zealand's general elections. The electorate is currently represented in the New Zealand Parliament by Louise Upston ( National ). There are three schools in the Tūrangi area. Within the Tūrangi township are two schools, both area schools which cater for Year 1 to 13 students. The schools opened in February 2004, following
616-554: The 2006 census . There were 1,224 households, comprising 1,713 males and 1,728 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. The median age was 40.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 795 people (23.1%) aged under 15 years, 546 (15.9%) aged 15 to 29, 1,413 (41.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 693 (20.1%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 51.6% European/ Pākehā , 62.8% Māori , 4.4% Pacific peoples , 2.9% Asian , and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
660-687: The Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Rongomai . Korohē Marae Rereao meeting house, located further east, is a meeting place of the Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Hine . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 1,338,668 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae and 4 other Ngāti Tūwharetoa marae, creating 19 jobs. Tūrangi is located in the administrative areas of the Taupō District Council and three of
704-519: The Treaty of Waitangi in a number of ways: In July 1998, the Crown and Ngāti Tūrangitukua negotiated to achieve a full and final settlement of Ngāti Tūrangitukua's Treaty claims and to remove the continuing sense of grievance. The Crown and Ngāti Tūrangitukua entered into a deed of settlement on 26 September 1998, resulting in a full and final settlement of Ngāti Tūrangitukua's Treaty claims relating to
748-730: The council's eleven representatives are elected directly from a Tūrangi Tongariro ward . Tūrangi is administered by the Turangi/Tongariro Community Board under delegated powers from the Taupō District Council. This ensures that all locally important decisions are made by local residents. The role of the Tūrangi Tongariro Community Boards is to: The Taupō District is itself part of the Waikato region, controlled administratively by
792-455: The Ministry of Works in 1969 described Tūrangi at that time as a pleasant and attractive town of 5000 people which offered a ‘balanced community life’. The pamphlet enumerated the town's amenities, shops, and services, such as its mall, schools, sports facilities, library, maternity hospital, parks, and, not least, its wide, grassy verges and kerbing. Following the completion of the project in
836-606: The Morar family arrived from India, settling and establishing a store in Tokaanu. By 1960, the population was about 500. In the 1950s, in response to post World War II needs for rapid expansion of energy resources to meet the growing industrialisation in New Zealand, the Tongariro Power Scheme proposal was developed. The scheme would require a large construction force, and provide accommodation for that force for
880-515: The Taupō District after Taupō . Tūrangi's population peaked at 9,000 during the 1970s. After the end of the Project in the 1980s the population declined but has since remained stable due to the town's handy location for tourists. Tūrangi had a population of 3,444 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 492 people (16.7%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 204 people (6.3%) since
924-576: The Tongariro River are usually named after historical people who have fished the river (Major Jones Pool, Duchess Pool), or their geographic location (Birch Pool, Fence Pool, Redhut Pool). Floods have significantly altered the size and shape of many of these pools (such as in 2004 when the Breakaway Pool was completely lost due a change in the rivers direction), while others such as the Major Jones Pool have remained relatively unchanged in
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#1732779765118968-407: The Tongariro and felt it was sufficiently different from other casting techniques. The Tongariro roll cast is used to cast a fly line in situations where there are obstacles behind the caster that obstruct the angler from using traditional fly casting techniques. The Tongariro River has 3 main sections of whitewater; named 'Access 14', 'Access 13' and 'Access 10'. These sections are the most popular on
1012-412: The Tongariro and provide grade 4, 3+ and 3 whitewater respectively. Lesser run sections of grade 2 exist, the first of which runs down to the put-in of Access 14 and the lower section runs from Blue Pool to Turangi. Sections of nearly unpaddleable whitewater fill the two main gorges, Tree Trunk Gorge and Waikato Gorge. The New Zealand Resource Management Act 1991 dictates that as part of mitigation for
1056-529: The Tūrangi Education Network Review that resulted in the closure of four schools: Hirangi Primary, Turangi Primary, Tongariro High and Tauranga-Taupo Primary Schools were closed. Previously Pihanga Primary existed, but was closed in the mid 1980s. A single Year 1–15 composite state area school, Tongariro School, was established in their place. with a roll of 340 as of August 2024. A Kura Kaupapa Māori for Year 1–13 students, Te Kura o Hirangi,
1100-412: The banks of the Tongariro River, Tūrangi and its surrounding countryside offers challenging hunting, fishing, mountain biking, hiking or leisurely bush walks, white water rafting, kayaking and sight seeing. Tūrangi covers 7.53 km (2.91 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 3,840 as of June 2024, with a population density of 510 people per km. It is the second largest population centre in
1144-472: The census's question about religious affiliation, 45.0% had no religion, 31.7% were Christian , 8.3% had Māori religious beliefs and 5.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 9 (5.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 51 (28.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 1,100, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 3 people (1.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
1188-551: The development and construction of the Tūrangi Township and its after effects. In 1999 the Ngāti Tūrangitukua Claims Settlement Act 1999 was passed to: The local Hīrangi Marae and Tūwharetoa i te Aupōuri meeting house, located in the Tūrangi township, is a meeting place Ngāti Tūrangitukua and Ngāti Tūwharetoa . Rongomai Marae and meeting house, located east of the township, is a meeting place of
1232-403: The duration of the project. Four sites were considered for the township to accommodate the project workers: Rotoaira , Rangipo , Tūrangi West, and Tūrangi East. The tourism potential of Lake Taupō was appreciated, as well as the economic benefits that could be captured by creating a permanent township. Taking into account accessibility, climate, and adequacy of suitable land for development of
1276-717: The east, the soils are more fertile, but the land is very rough. A population of feral horses, the Kaimanawa horses , roam free on the ranges. Unlike the majority of mountain ranges in New Zealand, the Kaimanawa Range is divided into private land. Considerable areas of the Rangipo Desert are used by the New Zealand Army for training. Kaimanawa covers 1,342.26 km (518.25 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 280 as of June 2024, with
1320-550: The joints were neither straight nor truly horizontal nor perpendicular, indicating the joint alignments were too poorly constructed. Ritchie concluded the blocks are a natural formation based on the presence of matching micro-irregularities in blocks and imperfect joint alignment. Peter Wood, a geologist of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences at Wairakei , inspected the blocks for an afternoon and concluded they are natural fractures in " jointed Rangitaiki ignimbrite ,
1364-406: The last 50 years. A list of the pools and their locations can be found at List of pools of the Tongariro River . Fishing techniques that prove to be popular include nymphing, wet lining and dry fly techniques. A fly fishing casting technique similar to a single handed spey cast called the Tongariro roll cast was developed on this river. The name was coined by Herb Spannagl who noticed its use on
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1408-695: The late 1970s, the Ministry of Works and other government departments began a process of selling assets within the Turangi township. In 1989 Ngāti Tūrangitukua registered with the Waitangi Tribunal (Wai 84). The claim was heard under urgency between April and October 1994, and the Tribunal's Report was released in September 1995. The Tribunal found that the Crown had breached the principles of
1452-420: The loss of recreational amenities on the Tongariro River, Genesis Energy must divert water into natural riverbed for 3 weekends per year. This is purely for recreational enjoyment and separate from any maintenance or flushing flows that are otherwise necessary. The dates for these releases are set in conjunction with the national body WhitewaterNZ and generally are structured such that Access 10 releases are on
1496-428: The lower Tongariro River ranges from approximately 16 cubic metres per second (570 cu ft/s) (recorded at the upper rivers Poutu Intake) to 21 cubic metres per second (740 cu ft/s) (recorded at the lower rivers Major Jones Pool). This volume can substantially increase due to catchment of rainfall by the surrounding mountains and hill ranges. The Tongariro River is New Zealand's most fished river, and
1540-466: The main employers. The town is also home to a Centre for Sustainable Practice at Awhi Farm , providing education and enterprise training. The area was settled by the people of Ngāti Tūwharetoa , descendants of those who had originally settled in the Kawerau area. The Ngāti Tūwharetoa invasion of Taupō occurred from about the 16th century with a war party under command of Tūrangitukua who engaged in
1584-431: The traffic on the main highway was created. Between 1967 and 1982 several hundred Italian hard-rock tunnellers came to Tūrangi to work on the Ministry of Works 's Tongariro Power Development project, building tunnels and an underground power station. The men were contracted by Italian company Codelfa-Cogefar, which supplied accommodation in six camps near the works, medical services, a priest and Italian food and wine for
1628-492: The wall as a pre- Māori civilization artifact. The wall formation was inspected by an archaeologist and a geologist; neither saw evidence of a human origin. In a preliminary investigation, archaeologist Neville Ritchie of the New Zealand Department of Conservation observed "matching micro-irregularities along the joints." This indicated that the blocks in the wall were too perfectly matched. He also observed
1672-438: The workers. Many of these men were from around Treviso in northern Italy where the company was based. Italian traditions such as a mass for Santa Barbara , patron saint of tunnellers and miners, were also acknowledged. When the project was completed some of the workers returned to Italy but others stayed in New Zealand. In 2017 a 50-year reunion for Codelfa-Cogefar employees was held in Turangi. A publicity pamphlet published by
1716-501: Was $ 22,900, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 189 people (7.1%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,041 (39.3%) people were employed full-time, 444 (16.8%) were part-time, and 177 (6.7%) were unemployed. Tourism and forestry are the mainstay of the community with the Department of Corrections two prisons, Genesis Energy, the Department of Conservation and farming being
1760-468: Was 10.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 41.1% had no religion, 29.2% were Christian , 19.4% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.3% were Hindu , 0.1% were Muslim , 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 279 (10.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 642 (24.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
1804-481: Was 47.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 0 people (0.0%) aged under 15 years, 27 (15.0%) aged 15 to 29, 126 (70.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 30 (16.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 60.0% European/ Pākehā , 48.3% Māori , 5.0% Pacific peoples , 1.7% Asian , and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 8.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer
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1848-588: Was established for those who wish to receive their education in te reo Māori . with a roll of 290. There is also a rural school at Kuratau , approximately 30 km west of Tūrangi on SH 41 to Taumarunui . Tongariro River The Tongariro River is a river in the North Island of New Zealand . The part of the Waikato River from the Waihohonu Stream, down to Lake Taupō,
1892-643: Was formally named the Tongariro River in 1945. The river originates in the Central Plateau of the North Island where it is fed by numerous tributaries (such as the Whitikau, Poutu, and Mangamawhitiwhiti streams) that flow off the surrounding hill ranges and mountains such as Mount Ruapehu . It then winds its way north, through the township of Tūrangi before entering Lake Taupō via a number of river mouths. The minimum volume of water flowing down
1936-480: Was that 42 (23.3%) people were employed full-time, 36 (20.0%) were part-time, and 9 (5.0%) were unemployed. The Kaimanawa Wall is a geological feature in the Kaimanawa State Forest. The Tuwharetoa tangata whenua claim an “oral tradition” of the place as a kōhatu (rock). A popular theory is that the wall is a human construction. From that popular theory, a pseudoscience theory explains
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