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40-404: Céline Sciamma ( French: [selin sjama] ; born 12 November 1978) is a French screenwriter and film director . She wrote and directed Water Lilies (2007), Tomboy (2011), Girlhood (2014), Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019), and Petite Maman (2021). Sciamma has received various awards and nominations for her films, including two BAFTA nominations for Best Film Not in

80-674: A film studio , production company , TV network, or producer, they often have to continue networking, mainly with directors or executives, and push to have their projects "chosen" and turned into films or TV shows. If interest in a script begins to fade, a project can go dead. The International Affiliation of Writers Guilds (IAWG) is the international federation of screenwriters' and playwrights' unions, who recognize union membership across international borders. They have 14 different affiliates across various nations who collectively work to verify original authorship, fight for fair compensation, and enforce copyright. Most professional screenwriters in

120-591: A Lady on Fire , began shooting in autumn 2018. It premiered in Competition at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Queer Palm and Best Screenplay . David Sims of The Atlantic praised the film writing, "It’s a film about the deeply personal process of creativity—the pain and joy of making one’s emotions and memories into a work of art. The film is a grand leap forward for Sciamma, already one of France’s most exciting emerging directors. For me, it

160-504: A Lady on Fire at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival , both Sciamma and lead actress Haenel wore 50/50 pins in support of the movement. In 2020 Sciamma and the Portrait of a Lady on Fire team joined Haenel in walking out of the 45th César Awards after Roman Polanski won the award for Best Director. Haenel had previously spoken out about experiencing sexual harassment from director Christopher Ruggia. Sciamma stated in an interview regarding

200-436: A Lady on Fire , as a manifesto of the female gaze. Sciamma stated in an interview: "That’s why the male gaze is obsessed with representing lesbians , for instance. It's a way to control it. Our stories are powerful because they are dangerous. We are dangerous. So it's a very good strategy to despise us — to undermine us — because it's giving us less leverage for a very powerful political dynamic". Sciamma has stated that "cinema

240-479: A Parisian suburb, explores the world of synchronized swimming. Based on Sciamma's own encounter with the sport, the film's protagonist explores her burgeoning sexuality and attraction to the team's captain. Water Lilies was selected for screening in the section Un certain regard at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival . It also won the Louis Delluc award for a first film . The film secured three nominations for

280-409: A first draft. Multi-step deals, where the writer is signed on for more than the first draft (typically including a rewrite) can earn a screenwriter more, with experienced WGA members earning up to $ 5,000,000 for their work. Non-union screenwriters can also work for a salary, but will typically earn less than a unionized screenwriter. Pay can vary dramatically for a non-unionized screenwriter. Some of

320-494: A girl," due to the tension between athleticism and feminine aesthetics. A common theme in Sciamma's films is the fluidity of gender and sexual identity among girls and women. Her films look at lesbianism and queerness, and how this is represented on screen. She focuses on the idea of the body, and how touch is related to it within cinema. Sciamma’s notable in her thematic elements for female gaze, and many scholars have cited her as

360-649: A matter of months. Sciamma wrote the script in three weeks, completed casting in three weeks, and shot the film in 20 days. It premiered at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival in the Panorama section of the festival, and won the Teddy award for films with queer topics. The film was shown in French schools as part of an educational program. Sciamma worked on TV series Les Revenants (2012) for

400-555: A pioneer for creating a new way of seeing women in media. She also likes to conceptualise the idea of ‘looking’, using Russian nesting dolls as a metaphor of "looking within looking". Sciamma also regularly examines themes of family including broken families, bereavement, and adoption (Wilson). By focusing on coming-of-age narratives, she examines autonomy of children and teenagers, especially in terms of gender and sexuality. Her films often capture children without their parents, and documents their metamorphosis and imagination onscreen. She

440-648: A position to further a project. Once the script is sold, the writer has only the rights that were agreed with the purchaser. A screenwriter becomes credible by having work that is recognized, which gives the writer the opportunity to earn a higher income. As more films are produced independently (outside the studio system), many up-and-coming screenwriters are turning to pitch fests, screenplay contests, and independent development services to gain access to established and credible independent producers. Many development executives are now working independently to incubate their own pet projects. Screenwriters are rarely involved in

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480-509: A screenwriter for other directors. She was sought after by André Téchiné , whose work Sciamma admired as a youth, to co-write the screenplay for his 2016 film Being 17 . She also adapted the novel Ma Vie de Courgette (My Life as a Courgette) into a screenplay for a stop-motion animated film. In June 2017, Sciamma was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Sciamma's fourth feature film, Portrait of

520-439: A script to suit the desires of a director or studio . For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak. Hollywood has shifted writers onto and off projects since its earliest days, and the assignment of credits is not always straightforward or complete, which poses a problem for film study. In his book Talking Pictures , Richard Corliss discussed

560-532: A technical product, a brief " scenario ", "treatment", or "synopsis" that is a written synopsis of what is to be filmed. Screenwriting is a contracted freelance profession, not a hired position. No education is required to be a professional screenwriter, but good storytelling abilities and imagination give aspiring screenwriters an advantage. Many screenwriters start their careers doing speculative work ("work on spec"), practicing their screenwriting with no guaranteed financial compensation. If one of these scripts

600-464: A trilogy. The film, a coming-of-age film about a young woman who leaves school and joins a gang, received criticism for centering Black experiences and featuring a mostly Black cast but being directed and made by a mostly white crew. Since 2015 and as of 2022 Sciamma continues to serve as the co-president of the SRF (Society of Film Directors). In between directing her own films, Sciamma continues to work as

640-436: A week as a teenager. She wrote her first original script for Water Lilies as part of her final evaluation at La Fémis. Sciamma has stated that she never planned on directing, and that she has thought only about screenwriting or working as a critic. Xavier Beauvois , who was chairman of the evaluation panel, and could be considered as her mentor, persuaded her to make the film. A year after finishing school, she began shooting

680-531: A year and a half. She has said in interviews that she wants to direct serial television series. Her 2014 film Girlhood was selected to be screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival . It also played at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival and the 2015 Sundance Film Festival . In interviews, Sciamma said that Girlhood would be her last coming-of-age film and that she considered it, Water Lilies and Tomboy

720-450: Is a feminist. She was a founding member of the French branch of the 50/50 by 2020 movement, a group of French film industry professionals advocating for gender parity in film by the year 2020. She has contributed heavily to discourse with cinema regarding the female gaze . Sciamma uses her platform to speak about the restrictions of the male gaze and present movies that elevate the female gaze. She sees her work, particularly Portrait of

760-436: Is always political," and that creating films by women and about women is a political act. In 2018, she co-organised and participated in the women's protest against inequality at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival alongside many notable women in film, including Agnès Varda , Ava DuVernay , Cate Blanchett and Léa Seydoux . This protest campaigned for gender equality in the film industry. At the premiere of her film Portrait of

800-524: Is interested in their subjugation and autonomy. Sciamma does not believe in the idea of a muse for her pieces, and despite her personal relationship with Haenel, says that the relationships on screen are of collaboration and subversion, not fascination. Sciamma focuses on identity and representation in film, such as black identity in Girlhood , and motherhood identity in Petite Maman . Sciamma

840-461: Is put out about a project that a film studio , production company , or producer wants done, they are referred to as "open" assignments. Open assignments are more competitive. If screenwriters are competing for an open assignment, more established writers usually win the assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment. Many screenwriters also work as full- or part-time script doctors , attempting to better

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880-412: Is sold, it is called a spec script . Amateur screenwriters will often pursue this work as "writers in training," leading these spec scripts to often go uncredited or come from unknown screenwriters. Further separating professional and amateur screenwriters is that professionals are usually represented by a talent agency . These screenwriter-specific employment agencies work to handle the business side of

920-749: Is the most enthralling cinema experience of the year." Sciamma then shot her fifth feature, Petite Maman , in the fall of 2020 and it premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in March 2021. It also screened at the 2021 San Sebastián International Film Festival , where it won the Audience Award. That year she also co-wrote the 2021 film Paris, 13th District alongside Jacques Audiard and Léa Mysius . Sciamma frequently collaborates with Para One , who has scored all her films and directed scripts by Sciamma in

960-477: Is why, though uncredited, she is often the costume designer for her films. Sciamma has cited David Lynch as a heavy influence, along with seeing Virginia Woolf as "the greatest novelist" and Chantal Akerman as "one of the most important filmmakers". Sciamma has spoken about the metaphorical purpose of using synchronized swimming in Water Lillies, which she claims "reveals a lot about the job of being

1000-464: The 2008 César Awards ; Sciamma was nominated for the César Award for Best Debut , and actresses Adèle Haenel and Louise Blachère were both nominated for the César Award for Most Promising Actress . Sciamma directed her first short film, Pauline , in 2009 as part of a government anti-homophobia campaign called ‘Five films against homophobia’. Her 2011 film Tomboy was written and shot in

1040-541: The English Language . A common theme in Sciamma's films is the fluidity of gender , sexual identity among girls and women, and female gaze . Sciamma was born on 12 November 1978 and raised in Cergy-Pontoise , a suburb outside of Paris. Her father, Dominique Sciamma, is a software engineer, and her brother, Laurent Sciamma, is a stand-up performer and graphic designer. Before attending La Fémis ,

1080-617: The U.S. are unionized and are represented by the Writers Guild of America (WGA). Although membership in the WGA is recommended, it is not required of a screenwriter to join. The WGA is the final arbiter on awarding writing credit for projects under its jurisdiction. The WGA also looks upon and verifies film copyright materials. Other notable screenwriters' unions include the Writers' Guild of Great Britain , representing screenwriters in

1120-574: The UK, and La Guilde Française des Scénaristes, representing screenwriters in France. Minimum salaries for union screenwriters in the US are set by the Writers Guild of America . The median compensation for a first draft from a first time screenwriter is $ 100,000, while the most experienced members have a median compensation of $ 450,000. The most experienced WGA members have reported up to $ 4,000,0000 compensation for

1160-621: The film in her hometown. Sciamma started her career writing the short films Les Premières Communions (2004) and Cache ta joie (2006). Sciamma made her feature film debut, Water Lilies , which was released in 2007. The French title, "Naissance des Pieuvres," translates to "Birth of the Octupuses," but was altered for the international release. The film's script was Sciamma's senior project at La Fémis, although when she wrote it, Sciamma did not intend to direct it. The film, shot in Cergy, France,

1200-445: The growing area of online web series. In the silent era , screenwriters were denoted by terms such as photoplaywright , photoplay writer , photoplay dramatist , and screen playwright . Screenwriting historian Steven Maras notes that these early writers were often understood as being the authors of the films as shown, and argues that they could not be precisely equated with present-day screenwriters because they were responsible for

1240-461: The highest amounts paid to writers for spec screenplays: $ 5 million: $ 2 million: $ 1 million: Directors%27 Fortnight The Directors' Fortnight showcases a programme of shorts and feature films and documentaries worldwide. Programming is overseen by an artistic director. The current artistic director is Julien Rejl who has programmed Director's Fortnight since 2023. In partnership with The Fondation Chantal Akerman, for

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1280-475: The historian's dilemma: "A writer may be given screen credit for work he didn't do (as with Sidney Buchman on Holiday ), or be denied credit for work he did do (as with Sidney Buchman on The Awful Truth )." After a screenwriter finishes a project, they pair with an industry-based representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent , entertainment lawyer, or entertainment executive. The partnerships often pitch their project to investors or others in

1320-489: The last half of [the twentieth] century, what the Great American Novel was for the first half. Closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen." Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use their ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases

1360-472: The past. She frequently collaborates with cinematographer Crystel Fournier , who worked on Sciamma's Girlhood trilogy, among others. She is noted for casting non-professional actors in her films, and also frequently casts Adèle Haenel , who appeared in Water Lilies , Pauline , and Portrait of a Lady on Fire . Sciamma has said that fashion and style form an important part of characterisation, which

1400-512: The première French film school, where she studied from 2001 to 2005, Sciamma earned her master's degree in French Literature at Paris Nanterre University . As a child, she was an avid reader and became interested in film as a teenager. Sciamma cites her grandmother as inspiration to her love of film, saying that she had a great interest in old Hollywood movies. Sciamma also attended Utopia, an art house cinema theater in Cergy three times

1440-422: The production of a film. Sometimes they come on as advisors, or if they are established, as a producer. Some screenwriters also direct. Although many scripts are sold each year, many do not make it into production because the number of scripts that are purchased every year exceeds the number of professional directors that are working in the film and TV industry . When a screenwriter finishes a project and sells it to

1480-453: The screenwriting job, typically taking on legal, financial, and other important representative roles for the screenwriter. These professional screenwriters rarely work for free. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the film industry , but it often takes years of trial and error, failure, and gritty persistence to achieve success. In Writing Screenplays that Sell , Michael Hague writes, "Screenplays have become, for

1520-505: The script is based on an existing property, such as a book or person's life story, which is adapted by the screenwriter. In most cases, a film project is initiated by a screenwriter. The initiator of the project gets the exclusive writing assignment. They are referred to as "exclusive" assignments or "pitched" assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, often do not have to worry about competing for assignments and are often more successful. When word

1560-512: The set of the 2007 film Water Lilies and started dating sometime after. The couple parted ways, amicably, sometime before the 2018 filming of Portrait of a Lady on Fire , which also starred Haenel. Screenwriter A screenwriter (also called scriptwriter , scribe , or scenarist ) is someone who practices the craft of writing for visual mass media, known as screenwriting . These can include short films, feature-length films, television programs, television commercials, video games, and

1600-442: The walk-out that “...there was no plan. It’s all about the moment, a matter of seconds. It’s about moving your legs, as simple as that. And that’s hard. It’s hard to stand up, hard to move your legs. I understand why people don’t. But sometimes you have to.” Sciamma is a lesbian . In 2014, Adèle Haenel publicly acknowledged that she was in a relationship with Sciamma in her acceptance speech for her César Award . The two had met on

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