A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals ( cohorts ) who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome . For example, one might follow a cohort of middle-aged truck drivers who vary in terms of smoking habits to test the hypothesis that the 20-year incidence rate of lung cancer will be highest among heavy smokers, followed by moderate smokers, and then non–smokers.
6-750: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (abbreviated as the CARDIA study ) is an ongoing, observational, longitudinal cohort study in the United States , examining the development of, and risk factors for, cardiovascular disease . The CARDIA study is funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute , a division of the National Institutes of Health . The CARDIA study began in 1985 and 1986 with
12-468: A sample of 5,115 black and white adults between the ages of 18 and 30. When the study began, participants were selected to ensure that the total sample would be about equally distributed across race, age, sex, and education. The original participants were recruited from Birmingham, Alabama , Chicago, Illinois , Minneapolis, Minnesota , and Oakland, California . Since then, the original participants have been contacted eight times for follow-up examinations in
18-447: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Longitudinal cohort study The prospective study is important for research on the etiology of diseases and disorders. The distinguishing feature of a prospective cohort study is that at the time the investigators begin enrolling subjects and collecting baseline exposure information, none of the subjects have developed any of the outcomes of interest. After baseline information
24-715: Is collected, subjects in a prospective cohort study are then followed "longitudinally," i.e., over a period of time, usually for years, to determine if and when they become diseased and whether their exposure status changes outcomes. In this way, investigators can eventually use the data to answer many questions about the associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes. For example, one could identify smokers and non-smokers at baseline and compare their subsequent incidence of developing heart disease. Alternatively, one could group subjects based on their body mass index (BMI) and compare their risk of developing heart disease or cancer. Prospective cohort studies are typically ranked higher in
30-423: The hierarchy of evidence than retrospective cohort studies and can be more expensive than a case–control study . One of the advantages of prospective cohort studies is that they can help determine risk factors for being infected with a new disease because they are a longitudinal observation over time, and the collection of results is at regular time intervals, so recall error is minimized. The Strengthening
36-554: The following years: 1987-1988 (Year 2), 1990-1991 (Year 5), 1992-1993 (Year 7), 1995-1996 (Year 10), 2000-2001 (Year 15), 2005-2006 (Year 20), 2010-2011 (Year 25), and 2015-2016 (Year 30). The proportion of original participants who have been examined in each follow-up has varied from a high of 91% in Year 2 to a low of 71% in Year 30. By 2016, the study had produced hundreds of peer-reviewed journal articles that had been cited thousands of times in total. This cardiovascular system article
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