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35-506: [REDACTED] Look up CDI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. CDI , CDi , CD-i , or .cdi may refer to: Businesses and organizations [ edit ] Government and political organizations [ edit ] Center for Defense Information , a Washington, D.C. think tank founded in 1972 Center for Digital Inclusion , originally "Comitê para Democratização da Informática",

70-497: A Java standard for the inversion of control design pattern CD-i , a CD-derived multimedia format, including its players made by Philips Imaging techniques [ edit ] Coherent diffraction imaging , a lensless nanoscale imaging technique Current density imaging , an extension of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Color doppler imaging, a type of Doppler ultrasonography In transportation [ edit ] Capacitor discharge ignition or thyristor ignition,

105-497: A Java standard for the inversion of control design pattern CD-i , a CD-derived multimedia format, including its players made by Philips Imaging techniques [ edit ] Coherent diffraction imaging , a lensless nanoscale imaging technique Current density imaging , an extension of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Color doppler imaging, a type of Doppler ultrasonography In transportation [ edit ] Capacitor discharge ignition or thyristor ignition,

140-585: A Phoenix, Maryland firm that specializes in controlled demolition Chungdahm Institute, a company in Korea that specializes in teaching English Economics [ edit ] Category Development Index , measures the sales strength of a particular category of product, within a specific market Contrat à durée indéterminée , French for open-ended contract, the usual form of employment contract in France Child Development Index ,

175-448: A Phoenix, Maryland firm that specializes in controlled demolition Chungdahm Institute, a company in Korea that specializes in teaching English Economics [ edit ] Category Development Index , measures the sales strength of a particular category of product, within a specific market Contrat à durée indéterminée , French for open-ended contract, the usual form of employment contract in France Child Development Index ,

210-668: A Washington, D.C. think tank founded in 1972 Center for Digital Inclusion , originally "Comitê para Democratização da Informática", a non-governmental organization in Brazil Centrist Democrat International , formerly the Christian Democrat International, a political international formed in 1961 China Development Institute , a Shenzhen, China think tank founded in 1989 Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas , Mexico's National Commission for

245-611: A certificate offered by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CDI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CDI&oldid=1232700613 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

280-496: A certificate offered by the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CDI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CDI&oldid=1232700613 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

315-727: A country in West Africa once known as Ivory Coast Chief of Defence Intelligence , head of the UK Defence Intelligence Staff Ciudad de las Ideas (conference) , a conference at Puebla, Mexico Custodial Detention Index , a list of U.S. residents compiled by FBI during 1939–1941, later used for Japanese-American internment Chak De! India , a 2007 Bollywood sports film about field hockey in India 401 in Roman numerals Certified Deaf Interpreter,

350-471: A country in West Africa once known as Ivory Coast Chief of Defence Intelligence , head of the UK Defence Intelligence Staff Ciudad de las Ideas (conference) , a conference at Puebla, Mexico Custodial Detention Index , a list of U.S. residents compiled by FBI during 1939–1941, later used for Japanese-American internment Chak De! India , a 2007 Bollywood sports film about field hockey in India 401 in Roman numerals Certified Deaf Interpreter,

385-891: A for-profit college in Canada Collège des Ingénieurs , educational institution in France, Germany and Italy Control Data Institute , an international technical vocational school created by the American Control Data Corporation Other businesses [ edit ] Camperdown Dairy International , an Australian infant formula company CDI Corporation , an engineering services and employment agency in Philadelphia, PA Cellular Dynamics International , an American research support company Churchill Downs Incorporated , parent company of Churchill Downs Controlled Demolition, Inc. ,

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420-460: A measure of global child poverty CREST Depositary Interest , in investing, a form of depositary receipt in the UK Science and technology [ edit ] In chemistry, biology and medicine [ edit ] Carbonyldiimidazole , an activating agent used for example for peptide coupling Central diabetes insipidus , an endocrine disorder Clinical documentation improvement ,

455-401: A measure of global child poverty CREST Depositary Interest , in investing, a form of depositary receipt in the UK Science and technology [ edit ] In chemistry, biology and medicine [ edit ] Carbonyldiimidazole , an activating agent used for example for peptide coupling Central diabetes insipidus , an endocrine disorder Clinical documentation improvement ,

490-484: A new class of CDI: the Type VI Secretion System . The Type IV Secretion System T4SS is found in many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as in archea and are typically associated with conjugation or delivery of virulence proteins to eukaryotic cells. Some species of plant pathogen Xanthomonas , however, possess a particular T4SS capable of mediating CDI by delivering

525-605: A non-governmental organization in Brazil Centrist Democrat International , formerly the Christian Democrat International, a political international formed in 1961 China Development Institute , a Shenzhen, China think tank founded in 1989 Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas , Mexico's National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples California Department of Insurance , The State of California insurance regulation department Schools and colleges [ edit ] CDI College ,

560-428: A peptidoglycan hydrolase. This effector kills targets that do not have the cognate immunity protein similar to other CDI systems. The first CDI system to be discovered was a Type V secretion system, encoded by the cdiBAI gene cluster found widespread throughout pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The first protein encoded in the operon, CdiB, is an outer membrane beta-barrel protein that exports CdiA, presenting it on

595-513: A process of improving healthcare records Clostridioides difficile infection , an intestinal disease also known as Clostridium difficile infection Combined drug intoxication , also known as Multiple Drug Intake (MDI) Contact-dependent growth inhibition , a type of toxin delivery between bacteria which requires direct contact Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein , a protein which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase Computing [ edit ] Contexts and Dependency Injection ,

630-513: A process of improving healthcare records Clostridioides difficile infection , an intestinal disease also known as Clostridium difficile infection Combined drug intoxication , also known as Multiple Drug Intake (MDI) Contact-dependent growth inhibition , a type of toxin delivery between bacteria which requires direct contact Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein , a protein which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase Computing [ edit ] Contexts and Dependency Injection ,

665-414: A type of electronic ignition system Common rail diesel injection, a modern method of fuel injection in diesel engines Course deviation indicator , an aircraft navigation instrument Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Capacitive deionization , a water desalination technology based on the use of electrical field effects Common direct injection , a synonym of common rail;

700-414: A type of electronic ignition system Common rail diesel injection, a modern method of fuel injection in diesel engines Course deviation indicator , an aircraft navigation instrument Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Capacitive deionization , a water desalination technology based on the use of electrical field effects Common direct injection , a synonym of common rail;

735-462: A type of fuel injection Customer data integration , a discipline concerned with representation of data in enterprise systems Cyrel Digital Imager , a direct laser-engraving flexography plate printing device .cdi filename extension, for DiscJuggler disk images, developed by Padus „ C D , i {\textstyle C_{D,i}} ”, the lift-induced drag coefficient Other uses [ edit ] Côte d'Ivoire ,

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770-462: A type of fuel injection Customer data integration , a discipline concerned with representation of data in enterprise systems Cyrel Digital Imager , a direct laser-engraving flexography plate printing device .cdi filename extension, for DiscJuggler disk images, developed by Padus „ C D , i {\textstyle C_{D,i}} ”, the lift-induced drag coefficient Other uses [ edit ] Côte d'Ivoire ,

805-424: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages CDI [REDACTED] Look up CDI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. CDI , CDi , CD-i , or .cdi may refer to: Businesses and organizations [ edit ] Government and political organizations [ edit ] Center for Defense Information ,

840-402: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Contact-dependent growth inhibition CDI is now a blanket term to describe interbacterial competition that relies on direct cell-cell contact in bacteria. However, the phenomenon was first discovered in 2005 in the isolate EC93 of Escherichia coli found in rat intestine, and, in this case,

875-658: Is not known. The Rearrangement hotspot system (Rhs) exists in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria . Similar to CdiA, these systems consists of big proteins with a conserved N-terminal domain and a variable C-terminal toxin domain requiring a cognate immunity protein. Many Rhs systems contain PAAR-domains (Proline-Alanine-Alanine-Arginine) which can interact with the VgrG of the T6SS apparatus making it required for Rhs secretion. The name Rearrangement hotspots comes from

910-536: The CDI+ cell to arrest the growth of the cell into which it delivers this CdiA-CT toxin. This toxic domain is linked to the rest of CdiA via a VENN peptide motif and vary significantly more between species than does the rest of CdiA. CdiI is an immunity protein to prevent auto-inhibition by the C-terminal toxin. This also prevents the bacteria from killing or inhibiting the growth of their siblings as long as these possess

945-814: The Development of Indigenous Peoples California Department of Insurance , The State of California insurance regulation department Schools and colleges [ edit ] CDI College , a for-profit college in Canada Collège des Ingénieurs , educational institution in France, Germany and Italy Control Data Institute , an international technical vocational school created by the American Control Data Corporation Other businesses [ edit ] Camperdown Dairy International , an Australian infant formula company CDI Corporation , an engineering services and employment agency in Philadelphia, PA Cellular Dynamics International , an American research support company Churchill Downs Incorporated , parent company of Churchill Downs Controlled Demolition, Inc. ,

980-473: The bacterial population through a phenomenon now known as Contact-Dependent Signalling. Furthermore, the T6SS in V. cholerae is active in biofilms, enabling a cell expressing T6SS to kill nearby cells which do not have the specific immunity. The release of DNA from target cell death can be beneficial for gene transfer as well as the release of extra cellular DNA into the matrix. In E. coli, CdiA-CT toxins have been found to induce persister cell formation in

1015-445: The cell surface of a CDI-expressing (CDI+) bacterium. CdiA is predicted to form a filament several nanometers long that extends outward from the CDI+ cell in order to interact with neighbouring bacteria via outer membrane protein receptors to which it will bind. The C-terminal 200-300 amino acids of CdiA harbours a highly variable toxic domain (CdiA-CT), which is delivered into a neighbouring bacterium upon receptor recognition, enabling

1050-455: The contractile tail of the T4 bacteriophage . The T6SS is capable of delivering effectors to both prokaryote and eukaryotes target cells. Upon contraction of the T6SS, effectors are transported across the cytosol of the bacteria cell into the target cells. Effectors are loaded onto this dynamic secretion system through interactions with Hcp, VgrG and PAAR-domains. The full list of T6SS effectors

1085-453: The discovery when the system was first identified as elements on the E. coli chromosome that were continuously rearranging . The Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis possesses an Rhs homolog called Wall-associated protein A (WapA) capable of mediating CDI whilst requiring a cognate immunity protein, WapI, to prevent auto-inhibition. In E. coli, CdiA molecules may interact with those found on neighboring cells, independent of

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1120-451: The extracellular space. Thus, these did not require cell-cell contact. A second system that could mediate CDI was discovered in 2006 in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae , the cause of the gastro-intestinal disease cholera , and the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aerugenosa . This system was much different that the Type V secretion system identified in E. coli, and thus formed

1155-530: The immunity gene. Many CDI systems contain additional cdiA-CT/cdiI pairs called "orphans" following the first copy and these orphans can be connected to different main CdiA:s in a modular fashion. The Type VI Secretion System T6SS is widely spread amongst Gram-negative bacteria and consists of a protein complex with 13 core components (TssA to TssM), forming a needle-like structure capable of injecting effector molecules into neighbouring target cells similar to

1190-639: The receptor to which CdiA binds. In addition with receptor binding, these homotypic interactions cause cell-cell aggregation and promote biofilm formation for CDI+ bacteria. In a similar fashion, the CdiA homolog BcpA in Burkholderia thailandensis causes up-regulation of genes encoding pili and polysaccharides when delivered to sibling cells which are in possession of the immunity protein BcpI. This change in gene expression leads to increased biofilm formation in

1225-496: Was mediated by a Type V secretion system . This isolate dominated the rat's gut flora and appeared to be particularly good at outcompeting lab strains of E. coli when grown in co-culture . The novel part of this discovery was the fact that the inhibitory effects of the isolated E. coli appeared to require direct cell-cell contact. Before CDI was discovered in this isolate, the only systems known to mediate direct interbacterial competition by intoxication were toxins secreted into

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