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39-650: [REDACTED] Look up CFA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. CFA may refer to: CFA franc , a currency used by fourteen African countries Chartered Financial Analyst , an international investment professional designation Chick-fil-A , US fast food chain Agreements [ edit ] Canadian Football Act Ceasefire agreement Compact of Free Association , agreement between US, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, and Palau Conditional fee agreement ,

78-490: A demosaicing algorithm which is tailored for each type of color filter. The spectral transmittance of the CFA elements along with the demosaicing algorithm jointly determine the color rendition. The sensor's passband quantum efficiency and span of the CFA's spectral responses are typically wider than the visible spectrum , thus all visible colors can be distinguished. The responses of the filters do not generally correspond to

117-429: A CFA consisting of a front layer of wells with hemispherical bottoms above a layer of fluid containing black charged spheres. When the spheres are away from the hemispheres, the hemispheres reflect brightly due to total internal reflection . When the black spheres are moved near to the hemispheres, the amount of reflection drops. The refresh rate on video versions of these devices is fast enough for video playback (33 Hz on

156-619: A French football competition Championnat de France Amateur (1935–1971) , a French former football competition College Football Association , a defunct group through which colleges negotiated American football TV contracts with networks County football association , governing bodies for local football in England Cyprus Football Association , the governing body of football in Cyprus Chinese Football Association ,

195-435: A French football competition Championnat de France Amateur (1935–1971) , a French former football competition College Football Association , a defunct group through which colleges negotiated American football TV contracts with networks County football association , governing bodies for local football in England Cyprus Football Association , the governing body of football in Cyprus Chinese Football Association ,

234-462: A drilling method for concrete pilings Continuous flow analysis , an automated analyzer using a special flow technique Control flow analysis , in computer science Crossed field antenna , a type of antenna for long and mediumwave broadcasting Crossed-field amplifier , a specialized vacuum tube used as a microwave amplifier Current-feedback operational amplifier , a type of operational amplifier Component failure analysis , to determine

273-462: A drilling method for concrete pilings Continuous flow analysis , an automated analyzer using a special flow technique Control flow analysis , in computer science Crossed field antenna , a type of antenna for long and mediumwave broadcasting Crossed-field amplifier , a specialized vacuum tube used as a microwave amplifier Current-feedback operational amplifier , a type of operational amplifier Component failure analysis , to determine

312-401: A hybrid." He provides a bibliography focusing on the number, types, aliasing effects, moire patterns, and spatial frequencies of the absorptive filters. Some sources indicate that the CFA can be manufactured separately and affixed after the sensor has been manufactured, while other sensors have the CFA manufactured directly on the surface of the imager. Theuwissen makes no mention of

351-507: A legal agreement also known as "no win no fee" Medicine [ edit ] Common femoral artery Complete Freund's adjuvant , an immunopotentiator composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, an archaic term for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Organizations [ edit ] California Faculty Association , the union representing employees at California State University system Call For Action , telephone help-lines of radio stations in

390-507: A legal agreement also known as "no win no fee" Medicine [ edit ] Common femoral artery Complete Freund's adjuvant , an immunopotentiator composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, an archaic term for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Organizations [ edit ] California Faculty Association , the union representing employees at California State University system Call For Action , telephone help-lines of radio stations in

429-597: A political party in Austria Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts , a college of Carnegie Mellon University Cat Fanciers' Association , the world's largest registry of pedigreed cats Catfish Farmers of America ; see Catfish Dispute Country Fire Authority , a volunteer fire service in Victoria, Australia Code for America , a nonprofit civic technology organization Sports [ edit ] Championnat de France Amateur ,

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468-454: A political party in Austria Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts , a college of Carnegie Mellon University Cat Fanciers' Association , the world's largest registry of pedigreed cats Catfish Farmers of America ; see Catfish Dispute Country Fire Authority , a volunteer fire service in Victoria, Australia Code for America , a nonprofit civic technology organization Sports [ edit ] Championnat de France Amateur ,

507-443: A whole, benefits from careful consideration of CFA technologies and their interplay with other sensor properties. There are three primary methods for reproducing color on e paper displays. One uses micro spheres in various pigments, such as the limited color range three pigment Spectra displays or more faithful four pigment Advanced Color ePaper, both by E Ink . This method suffers from often slow refresh rates as with several pigments

546-413: Is a CFA that uses mostly secondary colors , again to allow more of the incident light to be detected rather than absorbed. Other variants include CMY and CMYW matrices. Diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ)- novolac photoresist is one material used as the carrier for making color filters from color dyes or pigments. There is some interference between the dyes and the ultraviolet light needed to properly expose

585-652: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages CFA [REDACTED] Look up CFA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. CFA may refer to: CFA franc , a currency used by fourteen African countries Chartered Financial Analyst , an international investment professional designation Chick-fil-A , US fast food chain Agreements [ edit ] Canadian Football Act Ceasefire agreement Compact of Free Association , agreement between US, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, and Palau Conditional fee agreement ,

624-579: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Color filter array The term is also used in reference to e paper devices where it means a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over the grey scale display panel to reproduce color images. Color filters are needed because the typical photosensors detect light intensity with little or no wavelength specificity and therefore cannot separate color information. Since sensors are made of semiconductors , they obey solid-state physics . The color filters filter

663-520: The CIE color matching functions , so a color translation is required to convert the tristimulus values into a common, absolute color space . The Foveon X3 sensor uses a different structure such that a pixel utilizes properties of multi-junctions to stack blue, green, and red sensors on top of each other. This arrangement does not require a demosaicing algorithm because each pixel has information about each color. Dick Merrill of Foveon distinguishes

702-475: The CFA's design. First, the individual CFA filters are usually layers of transmissive (absorptive) organic or pigment dyes. Ensuring that the dyes have the right mechanical properties—such as ease of application, durability, and resistance to humidity and other atmospheric stresses—is a challenging task. This makes it difficult, at best, to fine-tune the spectral responsivities.". Given that the CFAs are deposited on

741-550: The CFA, the resolution of the device drops when displaying color images, say to 100 PPI. When the image to be displayed consists of both a colored and a black and white section, for example when a book page comprises plain text as well as a color photo, some e book devices may display the photo at the reduced resolution while the text is at the normal resolution. As the CFA is LCD based, the CFA requires constant power to run and uses more energy. The third method, as in ClearInk, uses

780-610: The South African Army Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal , the highest court of Hong Kong Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CFA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CFA&oldid=1250824144 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

819-519: The South African Army Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal , the highest court of Hong Kong Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CFA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CFA&oldid=1250824144 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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858-746: The United States Campaign for Accountability , a non-profit organization in the United States Consumer Federation of America , consumer group Consumers' Federation of Australia , consumer advocacy group Campus Freethought Alliance, former name for Center for Inquiry On Campus , a skeptics' group CFA Institute , formerly known as the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) Canadian Forestry Association Canadian Fraternal Association Carinthian Farmers' Association ,

897-522: The United States Campaign for Accountability , a non-profit organization in the United States Consumer Federation of America , consumer group Consumers' Federation of Australia , consumer advocacy group Campus Freethought Alliance, former name for Center for Inquiry On Campus , a skeptics' group CFA Institute , formerly known as the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) Canadian Forestry Association Canadian Fraternal Association Carinthian Farmers' Association ,

936-663: The approaches as "vertical color filter" for the Foveon X3 versus "lateral color filter" for the CFA. Used by Sony , also known as Tetracell by Samsung and 4-cell by OmniVision . First used in the Leica camera sensor of the Huawei P30 series smartphones. An RGBW matrix (from red, green, blue, white) is a CFA that includes "white" or transparent filter elements that allow the photodiode to respond to all colors of light; that is, some cells are "panchromatic", and more of

975-543: The cause of a failure Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , an American astronomy research and education institution .cfa, the file extension for an Adobe Premiere Pro computer audio file Cfa, one of two symbols for the humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification Transport [ edit ] Compagnie Française d'Aviation , a defunct French aircraft manufacturer National Company for Rail Transport or Chemins de fer Algériens ,

1014-490: The cause of a failure Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , an American astronomy research and education institution .cfa, the file extension for an Adobe Premiere Pro computer audio file Cfa, one of two symbols for the humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification Transport [ edit ] Compagnie Française d'Aviation , a defunct French aircraft manufacturer National Company for Rail Transport or Chemins de fer Algériens ,

1053-446: The display must perform refreshes for each pigment. As with grey scale units, after the display is updated the device does not require power to keep the image on screen. The second common method uses a typical grey scale e paper display behind a transparent color layer. The color layer is a LCD based CFA. When displaying grey scale images the device runs at its native resolution, for instance, 300 pixels per inch (PPI). However, due to

1092-503: The dominant option because they offer higher heat resistance and light resistance compared to dye based CFAs. In either case, thicknesses ranging up to 1 micrometre are readily available. Theuwissen says "Previously, the color filter was fabricated on a separate glass plate and glued to the CCD (Ishikawa 81), but nowadays, all single-chip color cameras are provided with an imager which has the color filter on-chip processed (Dillon 78) and not as

1131-681: The former national railway of Algeria Chemins de Fer Armoricains , a former railway in Brittany, France ICAO airline code for China Flying Dragon Aviation Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Canadian Film Awards United States Commission of Fine Arts , an advisory agency of the United States Government Other uses [ edit ] Call for abstracts , a method used in academic contexts to encourage researchers to submit abstracts for conferences Cape Field Artillery , an artillery regiment of

1170-540: The former national railway of Algeria Chemins de Fer Armoricains , a former railway in Brittany, France ICAO airline code for China Flying Dragon Aviation Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Canadian Film Awards United States Commission of Fine Arts , an advisory agency of the United States Government Other uses [ edit ] Call for abstracts , a method used in academic contexts to encourage researchers to submit abstracts for conferences Cape Field Artillery , an artillery regiment of

1209-702: The governing body of football in China City Football Academy, part of Etihad Campus that is the training base for Manchester footballers in England Science and technology [ edit ] Color filter array , a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over an image sensor to capture color information CompactFlash Association , a mass storage device format used in portable electronic devices Confirmatory factor analysis , statistical method used to explain variability among observed random variables Continuous flight augering ,

CFA - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-556: The governing body of football in China City Football Academy, part of Etihad Campus that is the training base for Manchester footballers in England Science and technology [ edit ] Color filter array , a mosaic of tiny color filters placed over an image sensor to capture color information CompactFlash Association , a mass storage device format used in portable electronic devices Confirmatory factor analysis , statistical method used to explain variability among observed random variables Continuous flight augering ,

1287-791: The image sensor surface at the BEOL (back end of line, the later stages of the integrated circuit manufacturing line), where a low-temperature regime must be rigidly observed (due to the low melting temperature of the aluminum metalized "wires" and the substrate mobility of the dopants implanted within the bulk silicon), organics would be preferred over glass. On the other hand, some CVD silicon oxide processes are low temperature processes. Ocean Optics has indicated that their patented dichroic filter CFA process (alternating thin films of ZnS and Cryolite ) can be applied to spectroscopic CCDs. Gersteltec sells photoresists that possesses color filter properties. In US Patent # 4,808,501, Carl Chiulli cites

1326-410: The importance of microlenses , their f-number , and the interplay with the CFA and CCD array. Further, a short discussion of anti-reflection films is offered, though Janesick's work appears is more concerned with photon–silicon interaction. Early work on microlenses and on the three-CCD /prism cameras stress the importance of a fully integrated design solution for CFAs. The camera system, as

1365-487: The light by wavelength range, such that the separate filtered intensities include information about the color of light. For example, the Bayer filter (shown by the image) gives information about the intensity of light in red, green, and blue (RGB) wavelength regions. The raw image data captured by the image sensor is then converted to a full-color image (with intensities of all three primary colors represented at each pixel) by

1404-497: The light is detected, rather than absorbed, compared to the Bayer matrix. Sugiyama filed for a patent on such an arrangement in 2005. Kodak announced several RGBW CFA patents in 2007, all of which have the property that when the panchromatic cells are ignored, the remaining color filtered cells are arranged such that their data can be processed with a standard Bayer demosaicing algorithm. A CYGM matrix (cyan, yellow, green, magenta)

1443-415: The materials utilized in CFA manufacture. At least one early example of an on-chip design utilized gelatin filters (Aoki et al., 1982). The gelatin is sectionalized, via photolithography , and subsequently dyed. Aoki reveals that a CYWG arrangement was used, with the G filter being an overlap of the Y and C filters. Filter materials are manufacturer specific. Adams et al. state "Several factors influence

1482-508: The polymer, though solutions have been found for this problem. Color photoresists sometimes used include those with chemical monikers CMCR101R, CMCR101G, CMCR101B, CMCR106R, CMCR106G, and CMCR106B. A few sources discuss other specific chemical substances, attending optical properties, and optimal manufacturing processes of color filter arrays. For instance, Nakamura said that materials for on-chip color filter arrays fall into two categories: pigment and dye . Pigment based CFAs have become

1521-442: The use of 5 chemicals, three of which are C.I. #12715, AKA Solvent Red 8; Solvent Yellow 88; and C.I. # 61551, Solvent Blue 36. In US Patent # 5,096,801, Koya et al. , of Fuji Photo Film company, list some 150-200 chemical structures, mainly azo dyes and pyrazolone-diazenyl, but did not provide specific chemical names, CAS Registry numbers, or Colour Index numbers. Nakamura provides a schematic and bibliographic items illustrating

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