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34-579: CIP may refer to: Business and finance [ edit ] See also: § Organizations and businesses Commercially Important Person Construction in progress , a balance sheet assets item Continual improvement process "Carriage and Insurance Paid to" Incoterms Customer Identification Program , in US anti-money laundering Government and military [ edit ] Capital improvement plan , in urban planning Citizen Information Project in

68-702: A CIP receives a special ID card from the Ministry of Commerce and from the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh . Such CIPs are invited to the Citizen's reception for various national ceremonies including entry to the Bangladesh Secretariat and the city corporation. CIPs have priority seating opportunities in most domestic public transport during business trips. To facilitate visas,

102-469: A bond that has just been followed. A triple bond is handled the same way except that A and B are each connected to two phantom atoms of the other. If two substituents on an atom are geometric isomers of each other, the Z -isomer has higher priority than the E -isomer. A stereoisomer that contains two higher priority groups on the same face of the double bond ( cis ) is classified as "Z." The stereoisomer with two higher priority groups on opposite sides of

136-429: A carbon-carbon double bond ( trans ) is classified as "E." To handle a molecule containing one or more cycles , one must first expand it into a tree (called a hierarchical digraph ) by traversing bonds in all possible paths starting at the stereocenter. When the traversal encounters an atom through which the current path has already passed, a phantom atom is generated in order to keep the tree finite. A single atom of

170-526: A high-value commercial clients. The term is typically used in the context of airport business lounges, especially in Asian countries, but also more generally amongst travel agencies. In Bangladesh, the term has a much more specific usage and is a national-level honour. In Bangladesh a CIP is an individual who is allowed to receive a number of benefits and facilities for the period of one year after recognition for their contribution to their respective sector. Such

204-580: A minor type of ship upgrade created by the US Navy Ship Characteristics Board 1945-1975 Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Cataloging in Publication , data for a work, in library science Certified IRB Professional , a scientific research certification Cold isostatic pressing Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

238-934: A record label Science and technology [ edit ] Biology and medicine [ edit ] Calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase , an enzyme Congenital insensitivity to pain Critical illness polyneuropathy CIP/KIP family of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins Chemistry [ edit ] Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules , or CIP system , for naming organic molecules Carbon in pulp , method of gold extraction Clean-in-place , without disassembly Computing [ edit ] CIP-Tool , for modelling event-driven processes Common Indexing Protocol , for exchanging index information Common Industrial Protocol , automation protocol Core Independent Peripherals , an implementation of autonomous peripheral operations in microcontrollers Military [ edit ] Class Improvement Project ,

272-474: A rectus assignment is formatted as ( R )-3-methyl-1-pentene. A practical method of determining whether an enantiomer is R or S is by using the right-hand rule : one wraps the molecule with the fingers in the direction 1 → 2 → 3 . If the thumb points in the direction of the fourth substituent, the enantiomer is R ; otherwise, it is S . It is possible in rare cases that two substituents on an atom differ only in their absolute configuration ( R or S ). If

306-416: A role assigning faces to trigonal molecules such as ketones . A nucleophile in a nucleophilic addition can approach the carbonyl group from two opposite sides or faces. When an achiral nucleophile attacks acetone , both faces are identical and there is only one reaction product. When the nucleophile attacks butanone , the faces are not identical ( enantiotopic ) and a racemic product results. When

340-487: A system for ranking priority of the groups attached to each stereocenter. This procedure, often known as the sequence rules , is the heart of the CIP system. The overview in this section omits some rules that are needed only in rare cases. If two groups differ only in isotopes , then the larger atomic mass is used to set the priority. If an atom, A, is double-bonded to another atom, then atom A should be treated as though it

374-410: Is "connected to the same atom twice". An atom that is double-bonded has a higher priority than an atom that is single bonded. When dealing with double bonded priority groups, one is allowed to visit the same atom twice as one creates an arc. When B is replaced with a list of attached atoms, A itself, but not its "phantom", is excluded in accordance with the general principle of not doubling back along

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408-473: Is meso- tartaric acid , in which ( R , S ) is the same as the ( S , R ) form. In meso compounds the R and S stereocenters occur in symmetrically positioned pairs. The relative configuration of two stereoisomers may be denoted by the descriptors R and S with an asterisk (*). ( R *, R *) means two centers having identical configurations, ( R , R ) or ( S , S ); ( R *, S *) means two centers having opposite configurations, ( R , S ) or ( S , R ). To begin,

442-548: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs offers a Letter of Introduction to the Embassy concerned. CIPs get access to the Very important person (VIP) lounges at airports, and their family members receive priority when booking cabins at government hospitals. Generally, CIPs are either those who export products or those regarding businesses. CIP's primary list is prepared based on the amount of export, income tax and value-added tax (VAT) ,

476-694: The International Potato Center in Peru Center for Intellectual Property Studies , Gothenburg, Sweden Centre for Integrated Photonics Center for International Policy , Washington D.C, US Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives (Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms) Comitato Italiano Paralimpico , Italian Paralympic Committee Crown International Pictures , US film studio Crippled Intellect Publications ,

510-452: The SDP ligands (( R )- and ( S )-7,7'-bis(diphenylphosphaneyl)-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[indene]), represent chiral, C 2 -symmetrical molecules where the rings lie approximately at right angles to each other and each molecule cannot be superposed on its mirror image. The spiro carbon, C, is a stereogenic centre, and priority can be assigned a>a′>b>b′, in which one ring (both give

544-1093: The UK Classification of Instructional Programs , US Department of Education Commercial Import Program , US-South Vietnam Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme of the EU Combat Identification Panel , a US identify-friend-or-foe device Continuation in Part in US Patent law Corps of Intelligence Police of US Army 1917-1941 Critical Infrastructure Protection , US Customer Identification Program , in US anti-money laundering Organizations and businesses [ edit ] See also: § Government and military Canadian Institute of Planners California Innocence Project , for innocent prisoners Center for Industrial Progress think tank, San Diego, California, US Center for Islamic Pluralism , Washington D.C., US Centro Internacional de la Papa ,

578-525: The case of] ligancy 6… [as well as] for all configurations and conformations of such compounds." Nevertheless, though the IUPAC documentation presents a thorough introduction, it includes the caution that "it is essential to study the original papers, especially the 1966 paper, before using the sequence rule for other than fairly simple cases." A recent paper argues for changes to some of the rules (sequence rules 1b and 2) to address certain molecules for which

612-409: The configuration must be specified. Without the presence of a non-covalent interaction, a compound is achiral . Some professionals have proposed a new rule to account for this. This rule states that "non-covalent interactions have a fictitious number between 0 and 1" when assigning priority. Compounds in which this occurs are referred to as coordination compounds . Some spiro compounds, for example

646-424: The correct descriptors were unclear. However, a different problem remains: in rare cases, two different stereoisomers of the same molecule can have the same CIP descriptors, so the CIP system may not be able to unambiguously name a stereoisomer, and other systems may be preferable. The steps for naming molecules using the CIP system are often presented as: R / S and E / Z descriptors are assigned by using

680-421: The descriptors are opposite, they are enantiomers. A meso compound is an achiral molecule, despite having two or more stereogenic centers . A meso compound is superposable on its mirror image, therefore it reduces the number of stereoisomers predicted by the 2 rule. This occurs because the molecule obtains a plane of symmetry that causes the molecule to rotate around the central carbon–carbon bond. One example

714-406: The descriptors are opposite: ( R , R ) and ( S , S ) are enantiomers, as are ( R , S ) and ( S , R ). Diastereomers have at least one descriptor in common; for example ( R , S ) and ( R , R ) are diastereomers, as are ( S , R ) and ( S , S ). This holds true also for compounds having more than two stereocenters: if two stereoisomers have at least one descriptor in common, they are diastereomers. If all

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748-448: The example displayed on the right, the compound acetophenone is viewed from the Re -face. Hydride addition as in a reduction process from this side will form the ( S )-enantiomer and attack from the opposite Si -face will give the ( R )-enantiomer. However, one should note that adding a chemical group to the prochiral center from the Re -face will not always lead to an ( S )-stereocenter, as

782-423: The lowest-numbered (according to IUPAC systematic numbering) stereogenic center is given the R * descriptor. To designate two anomers the relative stereodescriptors alpha (α) and beta (β) are used. In the α anomer the anomeric carbon atom and the reference atom do have opposite configurations ( R , S ) or ( S , R ), whereas in the β anomer they are the same ( R , R ) or ( S , S ). Stereochemistry also plays

816-464: The nucleophile is a chiral molecule diastereoisomers are formed. When one face of a molecule is shielded by substituents or geometric constraints compared to the other face the faces are called diastereotopic . The same rules that determine the stereochemistry of a stereocenter ( R or S ) also apply when assigning the face of a molecular group. The faces are then called the Re -face and Si -face . In

850-418: The observer. If the substituents are numbered from 1 (highest priority) to 4 (lowest priority), then the sense of rotation of a curve passing through 1, 2 and 3 distinguishes the stereoisomers . In a configurational isomer , the lowest priority group (most times hydrogen) is positioned behind the plane or the hatched bond going away from the reader. The highest priority group will have an arc drawn connecting to

884-417: The original molecule may appear in many places (some as phantoms, some not) in the tree. A chiral sp hybridized isomer contains four different substituents. All four substituents are assigned prorites based on its atomic numbers. After the substituents of a stereocenter have been assigned their priorities, the molecule is oriented in space so that the group with the lowest priority is pointed away from

918-430: The relative priorities of these substituents need to be established, R takes priority over S . When this happens, the descriptor of the stereocenter is a lowercase letter ( r or s ) instead of the uppercase letter normally used. For double bonded molecules, Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules (CIP rules) are followed to determine the priority of substituents of the double bond. If both of the high priority groups are on

952-495: The rest of the groups, finishing at the group of third priority. An arc drawn clockwise, has the rectus ( R ) assignment. An arc drawn counterclockwise, has the sinister ( S ) assignment. The names are derived from the Latin for 'right' and 'left', respectively. When naming an organic isomer, the abbreviation for either rectus or sinister assignment is placed in front of the name in parentheses. For example, 3-methyl-1-pentene with

986-541: The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the official body that defines organic nomenclature , in 1974. The rules have since been revised, most recently in 2013, as part of the IUPAC book Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry . The IUPAC presentation of the rules constitute the official, formal standard for their use, and it notes that "the method has been developed to cover all compounds with ligancy up to 4... and… [extended to

1020-532: The same answer) contains atoms a and b adjacent to the spiro carbon, and the other contains a′ and b′. The configuration at C may then be assigned as for any other stereocentre. The following are examples of application of the nomenclature. If a compound has more than one chiral stereocenter, each center is denoted by either R or S . For example, ephedrine exists in (1 R ,2 S ) and (1 S ,2 R ) stereoisomers, which are distinct mirror-image forms of each other, making them enantiomers . This compound also exists as

1054-419: The same side of the double bond ( cis configuration ), then the stereoisomer is assigned the configuration Z ( zusammen, German word meaning "together"). If the high priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond ( trans configuration ), then the stereoisomer is assigned the configuration E ( entgegen , German word meaning "opposed") In some cases where stereogenic centers are formed,

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1088-504: The title CIP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CIP&oldid=1240198306 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Commercially Important Person A commercially important person (CIP) refers to

1122-583: The two enantiomers written (1 R ,2 R ) and (1 S ,2 S ), which are named pseudoephedrine rather than ephedrine. All four of these isomers are named 2-methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol in systematic nomenclature. However, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are diastereomers , or stereoisomers that are not enantiomers because they are not related as mirror-image copies. Pseudoephedrine and ephedrine are given different names because, as diastereomers, they have different chemical properties, even for racemic mixtures of each. More generally, for any pair of enantiomers, all of

1156-409: The type of business, employment, etc. Afterward, the people who qualify are selected for the honor. In October 2024, the government cancelled all activities related to issuing CIP cards for 2023. Cahn%E2%80%93Ingold%E2%80%93Prelog priority rules The key article setting out the CIP sequence rules was published in 1966, and was followed by further refinements, before it was incorporated into

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