13-619: The Cotiote War (Kottayathu war) refers to a series of continuous struggles fought between the Cotiote king, Pazhassi Raja Kerala Varma, and the East India Company across a span of thirteen years between 1793 and 1806. Pazhassi Raja aimed to preserve the independence and unity of his kingdom while the East India Company was determined to annex and dismember it. His own desire for independence and sense of betrayal by
26-481: Is not exactly known - estimates vary between 2,000 and 6,000. The Cotiote army was well equipped with fire-locks , but ran short of musket ammunition after 1799 and so used bows and swords widely. 10 years of war had caused an 80 percent loss in the East India Company ranks - both European officers and Sepoys. No estimate is available regarding the death toll in the Cotiote armies. Cotiote Kottayam (Cotiote)
39-513: Is one of five taluks in Kannur district of Kerala , India. Iritty was established as a taluk in March 2013 when UDF government declared new 12 taluks for the state. Iritty taluk borders with Taliparamba taluk in the north, Thalassery taluk in the west and Karnataka state towards the east. It comprises Iritty municipality, Mattannur municipality and 11 surrounding panchayats. Iritty taluk
52-546: The British recognized Pazhassi Raja as the head of Kottayam instead of the original Raja who had taken refuge at Travancore. The origin of the Kottayam royal family is lost in obscurity. By tradition Harischandara Perumal who built a fort at Puralimala and resided there is regarded as the founder of the Kottayam family. The rajas of Kottayam were therefore called Puralisas and were also known as Purannattu rajas, who ruled over
65-561: The East India Company on their earlier promise to respect his country's independence, combined with constant exhortations of two of his noblemen, Kaitheri Ambu and Kannavath Sankaran , led to outbreak of Cotiote War. It is the longest war waged by the East India Company during their military campaigns on the Indian subcontinent – much longer than the Anglo-Mysore Wars , Anglo-Maratha Wars , Anglo-Sikh Wars and Polygar Wars . It
78-517: The author of Valmiki Ramayanam Kilippattu and Vidwan Thampuran, the great patron of Kathakali and composer of Attakathas . Many dedicated artists like Chathu Panicker also endeavoured to lay the foundations for what is known as Kathakali now. Their efforts were concentrated on the rituals, classical details, and scriptural perfection. Even now the basic details of Kathakali have not changed considerably from this format. Bakavadham, Kirmeeravadham, Kalyana Saugandhikam, and Nivathakayacha Kalakeyavadham are
91-480: The death of Cotiote leader, Pazhassi Raja in a skirmish on 30 November 1805. Following this war, the kingdom of Cotiote was annexed into the district of Malabar in the Madras Presidency . The East India Company military had 6,000 men in the beginning, which was increased to 8,000 in 1800 and to 14,000 in 1804. Arthur Wellesley was in charge of operations between 1800 and 1804. The Cotiote army manpower
104-695: The four perfect Kottayam works. After this, the most important changes in Kathakali were brought about through the efforts of a single person, namely Kaplingad Narayanan Nambudiri . After basic instruction in various faculties of the art in Vettathu Kalari of North Malabar , he shifted to Travancore and there in its capital and many other centres he found many willing to co-operate with him in bringing about these reforms. 11°49′41″N 75°33′00″E / 11.828°N 75.55°E / 11.828; 75.55 Iritty taluk Iritty taluk
117-766: The land of Purainad. Descendants of the Puraikizhar family and are referred to in the Tirunelveli copper plate of Bhaskara Ravi Varman. At times, the part of Kolathunad, the Kottayam principality gradually acquired independent control over the territories lying in the Tellichery taluk, shared the area with the Iruvazhinad Nambiars and also extended its jurisdiction up to the borders of Coorg . The family came to have three branches: Eastern, Southern and Western. The first two had their seat at Kottayam and
130-485: The last at Pazhassi. The Kingdom of Kottayam covered what is today Talassery taluk, Iritty taluk (1000 km ) of Kannur District and Wayanad District (2000 km ). The headquarters of this kingdom were located in Kottayam , a small town not far from Tellicherry . The royal dynasty of the princely state of Kottayam was called Purannatt Swarupam. The Padinjare Kovilakam or Western Branch of this royal dynasty
143-728: Was a feudal city-state in Malabar , present-day Kerala , India. Kottayam (Cotiote) is famed for Pazhassi Raja , one of the principal leaders of the Wayanad Insurrection (Kotiote Palassi rebellion or Cotiote War ). Pazhassi Raja was a member of the western branch of the Kottayam royal clan. When Hyder Ali of the Kingdom of Mysore occupied Malabar in 1773, the Raja of Kottayam found political asylum in Travancore . In 1790,
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#1732765863357156-505: Was located at Pazhassi and is famous for its heroic royal rebel, Pazhassi Raja . The institution of Kathakali gained in progress and richness during the time of the Raja of Kottayam, between 1665 AD and 1725 AD. The then-raja of Kottayam was a brilliant actor-dancer who structured several compositions to complete the transition of Kathakali from its earlier form, Ramanattam , developed by Kottarakkara Thampuran. The Kottayam family produced two distinguished scholars, Kerala Varma Thampuran ,
169-795: Was one of the bloodiest and hardest wars waged by the East India Company in India – Presidency army regiments that participated suffered losses as high as eighty percent in 10 years of warfare. The Cotiote army waged guerrilla warfare, chiefly centred in the mountain forests of Aralam and Wynad , and larger zone of conflict extended from Mysore to the Arabian Sea, from Coorg to Coimbatore. Warfare peaked in early 1797, 1800 to 1801, and 1803 to 1804 and due to constant reverses, Bombay regiments were withdrawn and instead Madras regiments were deployed with an increase in troop numbers - from 8,000 in 1803 to 14,000 in early 1804. The Cotiote War ended within months of
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