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47-601: The County Court Business Centre (CCBC) is a centre of the County Court of England and Wales created to deal with claims by the use of various electronic media. Unlike other County Court centres the CCBC does not physically hear cases. If any case might require a hearing it is transferred to another centre. The increasing ubiquity of computers and Internet access led to public discussion of allowing greater use of information technology to run court proceedings. In January 1990

94-536: A common jail system managed by the county sheriffs departments. For example, in Texas, county courts exclusively handle Class A and B misdemeanors (these carry jail time as well as fines), share jurisdiction with justice of the peace and district courts on some mid-size civil cases, and have appellate jurisdiction from municipal and justice of the peace court cases. With the growth of the largest cities, many large urban centers have subsumed whole or most of counties within

141-586: A court in person, by post or via the Internet in some cases through the County Court Bulk Centre . Cases are normally heard at the court having jurisdiction over the area where the claimant lives. Most matters are decided by a district judge or circuit judge sitting alone. Civil matters in England (with minor exceptions, e.g. in some actions against the police) do not have juries. Judges in

188-459: A credit card. Instead of submitting an individual claim form along with an individual payment of the correct fee for each case, CCBC users submit a single file containing each of the claims they wish to issue on a particular day as a data record in a specified format. Fees for all of these cases can be paid in a lump sum. Files are submitted electronically in XML format via a secure API gateway using

235-475: A defined "county court district" from which it took claims. County court districts did not always have the same boundaries as counties. The modern County Court in England and Wales was created by the County Courts Act 1846 ( 9 & 10 Vict. c. 95), which created a jurisdiction for small civil claims intended to be more coherent, and less cumbersome and costly, than the universal jurisdiction of

282-403: A defined "county court district" from which it took claims. County court districts did not have the same boundaries as counties: the name was used because the county courts had evolved from courts which did in fact correspond to a county's territory. Today the court sits in many County Court centres, currently corresponding to the old individual county courts. County Court matters can be lodged at

329-410: A few hundreds of thousands of dollars. The limits vary between states. In some states the same level of court is called a district court . Below them are the magistrates courts . Above them are the state supreme courts . Some states adopt the two-tier appellate system, with the magistrates courts below and the state supreme courts above. In Northern Ireland there are seven county courts, following

376-510: A higher judge (a circuit judge hears appeals from a district judge). From the decision of a circuit judge an appeal lies to either the High Court of Justice or to the Court of Appeal . In debt cases, the aim of a claimant taking County Court action against a defendant is to secure a County Court judgment . This is a legal order to pay the full amount of the debt. Judgments can be enforced at

423-403: A system known as Secure Data Transfer (SDT), developed under contract to Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service in 2013 by a third party supplier. Previously files could be submitted on floppy disk or magnetic tape. For this reason long-standing users of the CCBC may still refer to the data file as the "tape". In 2012 a secure email transfer system was implemented as an interim measure until

470-401: A website. Where a defendant contests some, or all, of the claim, the claimant is required (if they wish to continue) to request the case be transferred out of the CCBC. CPR Part 7 allows for limits to be placed on the types of claim that may be issued via the CCBC. These are currently: In addition the CCBC cannot be used to issue claims under the alternative procedure contained Part 8 of

517-570: Is a court of original jurisdiction , and thus handles mostly trials of accused felons. The New York County Court "is established in each county outside New York City. It is authorized to handle the prosecution of all crimes committed within the County. The County Court also has limited jurisdiction in civil cases ...." More specifically, the New York County Court is: authorized to handle the prosecution of all crimes committed within

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564-630: Is not a separate court). Claims between £10,000 and £25,000 (£15,000 for cases started before April 2009) that are capable of being tried within one day are allocated to the "fast track" and claims over £25,000 (£15,000 for cases started before April 2009) to the "multi track." These 'tracks' are labels for the use of the court system - the actual cases will be heard in the County Court or the High Court depending on their value. For personal injury , defamation , and some landlord-tenant dispute cases

611-515: Is officially described as "a single civil court" named the County Court, with unlimited financial jurisdiction. However it should be understood that there are County Court buildings and courtrooms throughout England and Wales, not one single location. It is "a single civil court" in the sense of a single centrally organised and administered court system . Before 2014 there were numerous separate county court systems, each with jurisdiction across England and Wales for enforcement of its orders, but each with

658-446: Is the name given to the intermediate court in one Australian state , namely the County Court of Victoria (in other states and territories it is called the 'District Court'). They hear indictable (serious) criminal offences except for treason , murder , and manslaughter . Their civil jurisdiction is also intermediate, typically over civil disputes where the amount claimed is greater than a few tens of thousands of dollars but less than

705-490: Is used in consumer credit scores , making it difficult or more expensive for the defendant to obtain credit. In order to avoid the record being kept for years in the register, the debt must be settled within thirty days after the date the County Court judgment was served (unless the judgment was later set aside). If the debt was not fully paid within the statutory period, the entry will remain for six full years. County court Since 2014, England and Wales have had what

752-435: Is used in consumer credit scores , making it difficult or more expensive for the defendant to obtain credit. In order to avoid the record being kept for years in the register, the debt must be settled within thirty days after the date the County Court judgment was served (unless the judgment was later set aside). If the debt was not fully paid within the statutory period, the entry will remain for six full years. County court

799-674: The Claim Production Centre (CPC) (originally called the Summons Production Centre) was created, with the power to issue and serve claims electronically. The rules for use of the service are contained within the Civil Procedure Rules , specifically Practice Direction 7B. All claims issued through the CPC were originally issued in the name of a county court in the same way as claims issued in

846-409: The County Court Bulk Centre . Cases are normally heard at the court having jurisdiction over the area where the claimant lives. Most matters are decided by a district judge or circuit judge sitting alone. Civil matters in England (with minor exceptions, e.g. in some actions against the police) do not have juries. Judges in the County Court are either former barristers or former solicitors, whereas in

893-512: The High Court of Justice in Ireland or the assizes . Its jurisdiction was similar to that of the county courts in England and Wales. However, they differed from those court in their procedures. Claims were initiated by way of civil bill . Most matters were tried by a county court judge, and where necessary, a jury. The main administrative officer of the county court in each county was the Clerk of

940-401: The county . It has exclusive authority to handle trials in felony matters and shares authority with the local city, town and village courts to handle trials in misdemeanor cases (offenses punishable by less than one year in prison) and other minor offenses and violations. The County Court also has limited authority to hear civil cases involving monetary awards of $ 25,000 or less. Although

987-409: The "fast track" and claims over £25,000 (£15,000 for cases started before April 2009) to the "multi track." These 'tracks' are labels for the use of the court system – the actual cases will be heard in the County Court or the High Court depending on their value. For personal injury , defamation , and some landlord-tenant dispute cases the thresholds for each track have different values. Appeals are to

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1034-517: The CPR, which is mostly used for non-contentious claims. County Court (England and Wales) The County Court is a national civil court for England and Wales with unlimited financial jurisdiction. The County Court sits in various County Court buildings and courtrooms throughout England and Wales, and not in one single location. It is a single court in the sense of a single centrally organised and administered court system. The County Court centres

1081-469: The County Court are either former barristers or former solicitors, whereas in the High Court they are more likely to have formerly been a barrister . Civil claims with an amount in controversy under £10,000 (the Jackson Reforms have increased this from £5,000) are dealt with in the County Court under the small claims track (sometimes known to the lay public as "small claims court," although it

1128-689: The County Court is primarily a trial court, in the Third and Fourth Departments it also has appellate jurisdiction over cases originating in City, Town and Village Courts. In New York City, the New York City Criminal Court handles such jurisdiction. Otherwise in the United States, the courts of original jurisdiction in most states have jurisdiction over a particular county, parish, shire, or borough (comparable area entities in

1175-470: The Court Service internal systems - this can take 24 hours or longer. As well as issuing claim forms , the CCBC also handles requests for judgments and warrants of execution in the same manner. Claim forms issued by the CCBC are served upon the defendant (s) in the same manner as other courts. However, the response pack also includes a password to allow the defendant to file their response via

1222-800: The Crown and Peace. The Courts of Justice Act 1924 abolished the county courts in the Irish Free State and transferred their jurisdiction (together with that of the quarter sessions) to the Circuit Court . The Circuit Court is still based on the organisational structure established for the county courts and the main administrative officer of each circuit is now called the County Registrar. County courts continue to exist in Northern Ireland . Civil bills are still used as

1269-481: The High Court or the remnants of local courts administering justice in civil matters. Whilst older local courts were, for the most part, left in place to start with, their days were numbered and section 28 of the County Courts Act 1867 ( 30 & 31 Vict. c. 142) gave the new court system exclusive jurisdiction over other inferior courts (i.e. other than the High Court) for most purposes. Further reorganisation

1316-495: The High Court they are more likely to have formerly been a barrister . Civil claims with an amount in controversy under £10,000 (the Jackson Reforms have increased this from £5,000) are dealt with in the County Court under the small claims track (sometimes known to the lay public as "small claims court," although it is not a separate court). Claims between £5,000 and £25,000 (£15,000 for cases started before April 2009) that are capable of being tried within one day are allocated to

1363-563: The IT requirements of the CCBC. Continued use of the CCBC is subject to the Rules of Membership and Code of Conduct . Cases can be issued through the CCBC in two different ways. Money Claim Online (MCOL) was created in February 2002. It provides users who wish to issue a limited number of claims to commence and manage County Court proceedings using a website, and to pay court fees online using

1410-652: The United States). In those states with an administrative county court, the body acts as the executive agency for the local government. For example, Harry S. Truman was county judge of Jackson County, Missouri in the 1930s, an executive position rather than a judicial post. The County Commissioners in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts manage the county government, including funding civil and criminal courts, jails and Sheriffs departments overseeing said jails, as well as recording deeds, maintaining county roads and

1457-599: The comitatus was a military bond between a Germanic warrior and his Lord. Later, during the Anglo Saxon period (450-1066) the Comitatus was a court of law and not an organization for military purposes. In Anglo Saxon England , the name for court was gemot and all courts were called by this name. Later, the shire court was an early form of representative democracy. After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, there

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1504-590: The county superior or circuit court. In New York, 'superior'/'circuit' courts are called "supreme court". The court that in other US jurisdictions is called "supreme court" is called "court of appeal" in New York, Maryland and the District of Columbia. Prior to 1924, the county courts were the main civil courts in Ireland , having jurisdiction over most civil matters, except for the larger actions which were heard by

1551-510: The court sits in today correspond to the earlier individual county courts. The history of the English county court is one of the most interesting branches of the legal history of England. The first mention of what was to become a court was the concept of a Comitatus in the time of the early Germans. According to the writings of the Roman historian Tacitus 's treatise Germania (AD 98),

1598-517: The family proceedings courts. Many United States states have a county court system which, least common, may be purely administrative (such as in Missouri ), focused primarily on registration of properties and deeds, or, most often, may have jurisdiction over civil cases such as lawsuits and criminal courts and jails (such as in New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, et cetera) where trials from misdemeanors to felony cases are centered about

1645-412: The like. In point of fact, each state has adjusted local governments powers and interactions to suit their own needs, so no one model is uniform even within the same state when the county is interfacing with a major city. In counties of Tennessee , the primary legislative body was called a county court until the ratification by the voters of the state of the constitutional amendments of 1978, which change

1692-507: The lower two tiers split original jurisdiction for both criminal and civil matters. broadly speaking, the jurisdiction of "county courts" is limited to misdemeanors and civil actions involving amounts in controversy less than $ 15,000.00, while the "circuit courts" handle felonies and larger civil cases. In the states that have a judicial county court, such as New York, it generally handles trials for felonies, as well as appeals of misdemeanors from local courts and some small claims cases. It

1739-485: The new SDT system was completed. Once this was done the secure email transfer option was removed. CCBC users may poll the SDT API to request updates on the status of their cases. Depending on the nature of the original request some information (i.e. basic validation) may be available within a few minutes of data having been uploaded, whilst other information may not be available until the request has been fully processed by

1786-528: The request of the claimant in a number of ways, including requesting the court bailiffs to seize goods, the proceeds of any sale being used to pay the debt, or an Attachment of Earnings Order, where the defendant's employer is ordered to make deductions from the gross wages to pay the claimant. County Court judgments are recorded in the Register of Judgments, Orders and Fines and in the defendant's credit records held by credit reference agencies. This information

1833-473: The request of the claimant in a number of ways, including requesting the court bailiffs to seize goods, the proceeds of any sale being used to pay the debt, or an Attachment of Earnings Order, where the defendant's employer is ordered to make deductions from the gross wages to pay the claimant. County Court judgments are recorded in the Register of Judgments, Orders and Fines and in the defendant's credit records held by credit reference agencies. This information

1880-475: The same model as those of England and Wales before unification in 2014. These are the main civil courts. While higher-value cases are heard in the High Court, the county courts hear a wide range of civil actions, consumer claims, and appeals from magistrates' courts. The county courts are called family care centres when hearing proceedings brought under the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 and appeals from

1927-493: The term for this body in all but consolidated city-counties to county commission . Colloquially, the county commission is still frequently referred to as the "county court", particularly in rural areas. (The analogous body in consolidated city-counties is the metropolitan county council, usually shortened to "Metro council".) Likewise, five counties in Oregon are governed by a county court. In Florida 's four-tiered court system,

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1974-422: The thresholds for each track have different values. Appeals are to a higher judge (a circuit judge hears district judge appeals), the High Court of Justice or to the Court of Appeal , as the case may be. In debt cases, the aim of a claimant taking County Court action against a defendant is to secure a County Court judgment . This is a legal order to pay the full amount of the debt. Judgments can be enforced at

2021-555: The traditional manner. In March 1992 the CCBC was created to remove the burden of routine matters in simple CPC cases from the other county court. The current definition of such matters is contained in Practice Direction 7C. Currently both the CPC and CCBC are located in Northampton . Use of the CCBC is available only to members. Membership is free and is available to anyone who successfully demonstrates they can meet

2068-454: The unofficial or official municipal borders, blurring the distinction between the types of government and their jurisdictions in the mind of the common inhabitant, but even television police drama's occasionally point out a county function (coroners, sheriffs, jails, courts, probation departments) different from a metropolis' police agencies, city governments, and district attorney's (prosecutors) offices (politically elected or appointed in most of

2115-490: The various states of the USA); in other cases, instead of being called "county court" they are called "district courts" or "circuit courts" with a hierarchy of state "superior court" districts up to that state's 'supreme court'. Multiple courts of typically limited original jurisdiction within a county are usually called "district courts" or, if located in and serving a particular municipality, "municipal courts"; and are subordinate to

2162-483: Was achieved by the Courts Act 1971 , which abolished the title of county court judge and redesignated existing holders of the office as circuit judges . Since 2014, England and Wales have had what is officially described as "a single civil court" named the County Court, with unlimited financial jurisdiction. County Court matters can be lodged at a court in person, by post or via the Internet in some cases through

2209-413: Was further development of county courts and government. All of England was divided into administrative units called shires , with subdivisions. Shires were run by officials known as shire reeves or sheriffs. The chief business of the court was to hear civil pleas. There were numerous separate county court systems, each with jurisdiction across England and Wales for enforcement of its orders, but each with

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