Misplaced Pages

#552447

59-409: A coffeemaker , coffee maker or coffee machine is a cooking appliance used to brew coffee . While there are many different types of coffeemakers, the two most common brewing principles use gravity or pressure to move hot water through coffee grounds. In the most common devices, coffee grounds are placed into a paper or metal filter inside a funnel, which is set over a glass or ceramic coffee pot ,

118-450: A cooking pot in the kettle family. Cold water is poured into a separate chamber, which is then boiled and directed into the funnel and allowed to drip through the grounds under gravity. This is also called automatic drip-brew . Coffee makers that use pressure to force water through the coffee grounds are called espresso makers, and they produce espresso coffee. On 27 August 1930, Inez H. Peirce of Chicago, Illinois, filed her patent for

177-541: A fuse rated to protect its flexible cord from overload and consequent fire risk. Modern appliances may only be sold with a fuse of the appropriate size pre-installed. The United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta use the BS ;4573 two-pin plug and socket for electric shavers and toothbrushes. The plug has insulated sleeves on the pins. Although similar to the Europlug Type ;C, the diameter and spacing of

236-417: A hand cranked egg beater , a grater , a mandoline , or a hand-powered meat grinder . Small appliances which are defective or improperly used or maintained may cause house fires and other property damage, or may harbor bacteria if not properly cleaned . It is important that users read the instructions carefully and that appliances that use a grounded cord be attached to a grounded outlet . Because of

295-561: A (non-compliant) variant of IEC 60906-1 as the national standard in 1998 under specification NBR 14136 (revised in 2002). These are used for both 220-volt and 127-volt regions of the country, despite the IEC ;60906-2 recommendation that NEMA 5-15 be used for 120 V connections. There are two types of sockets and plugs in NBR ;14136: one for 10 A, with a 4.0 mm pin diameter, and another for 20 A, with

354-468: A 10 A plug will fit all sockets but a 20 A plug will fit only 20, 25 and 32 A sockets. In New Zealand, PDL 940 "tap-on" or "piggy-back" plugs are available which allow a second 10 A plug to be fitted to the rear of the plug. In Australia these piggy-back plugs are now available only on pre-made extension leads. Australia's standard plug/socket system was originally codified as standard C112 (floated provisionally in 1937, and adopted as

413-534: A 20 A version, the original motivation to use the NEMA ;10-20 plug has ceased to exist. This Australian/New Zealand standard is used in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea. It defines a plug with an earthing pin, and two flat current-carrying pins which form an inverted V-shape. The flat pins measure 6.5 by 1.6 mm (0.256 by 0.063 in) and are set at 30° to

472-527: A 4.8 mm pin diameter. This differs from IEC 60906-1 which specifies a pin diameter of 4.5 mm and a rating of 16 A. NBR 14136 does not require shutters on the apertures, a further aspect of non-compliance with IEC 60906-1. NBR 14136 was not enforced in that country until 2007, when its adoption was made optional for manufacturers. It became compulsory on 1 January 2010. Few private houses in Brazil have an earthed supply, so even if

531-433: A combination of the above processes such as mixing, heating by a bread machine Small appliances can be very inexpensive, such as an electric can opener , hot pot , toaster , or coffee maker which may cost only a few U.S. dollars, or very expensive, such as an elaborate espresso maker , which may cost several thousand U.S. dollars. Most homes in developed economies contain several cheaper home appliances , with perhaps

590-432: A detachable power cord (mains flex lead) and appropriate plug in order to avoid manufacturing whole appliances, with the only difference being the type of plug. Alternatively, the plug itself can often be swappable using standard or proprietary connectors. Adaptors between standards are not included in most standards, and as a result they have no formal quality criteria defined. Physical compatibility does not ensure that

649-426: A few more expensive appliances, such as a high-end microwave oven or mixer . A small appliances like chopper, juicer , grinder and mixer may cost you few dollars. Instead of buying separate units the food processor will be less expensive. Sometime these kind of smart appliances saves money as well as the space. Many small appliances are powered by electricity . The appliance may use a permanently attached cord that

SECTION 10

#1732797924553

708-442: A fire when plugged into an extension cord with a current rating lower than necessary. Sometimes the cords used to plug in dual voltage 120 V / 240 V equipment are rated only for 125 V, so care must be taken by travellers to use only cords with an appropriate voltage rating. Various methods can be used to increase the number or reach of sockets. Extension cords (extension leads) are used for temporary connections when

767-414: A formal standard in 1938), which was based on a design patented by Harvey Hubbell and was superseded by AS 3112 in 1990. The requirement for insulated pins was introduced in the 2004 revision. The current version is AS/NZS 3112:2011, Approval and test specification – Plugs and socket-outlets . Brazil, which had been using mostly Europlugs, and NEMA 1-15 and NEMA 5-15 standards, adopted

826-644: A list of approved plug and socket technical standards used in the member countries. The plug and socket system used in Class ;1 applications in Argentina is defined by IRAM standards. These two standards are; IRAM 2073 "Two pole plugs with earthing contact for domestic and similar purposes, rated 10 A and 20 A, 250 V AC" and IRAM 2071 "Two pole socket – outlets with earthing contact for 10 A and 20 A, 250 V AC., for fixed installations." The plug and socket system

885-409: A mixer, have attachments that can perform additional functions. A few gasoline and gas -powered appliances exist for use in situations where electricity is not expected to be available, but these are typically larger and not as portable as most small appliances. Items that perform the same function as small appliances but are hand-powered are generally referred to as tools or gadgets , for example

944-430: A socket is not within convenient reach of an appliance's power lead. This may be in the form of a single socket on a flexible cable or a power strip with multiple sockets. A power strip may also have switches, surge voltage protection, or overcurrent protection. Multisocket adaptors (or "splitters") allow the connection of two or more plugs to a single socket. They are manufactured in various configurations, depending on

1003-580: A switch for the selection of voltage. The plugs and sockets used in a given area are regulated by local governments. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) maintains a guide with letter designations for generally compatible types of plugs, which expands on earlier guides published by the United States Department of Commerce . This is a de facto naming standard and guide to travellers. Some letter types correspond to several current ratings or different technical standards, so

1062-674: A three-pin socket is present it is not safe to assume that all three terminals are actually connected. Most large domestic appliances were sold with the option to fit a flying earth tail to be locally earthed, but many consumers were unsure how to use this and so did not connect it. The new standard has an earth pin, which in theory eliminates the need for the flying earth tail. BS 546, "Two-pole and earthing-pin plugs, socket-outlets and socket-outlet adaptors for AC (50-60 Hz) circuits up to 250 V" describes four sizes of plug rated at 2 A, 5 A (Type D), 15 A (Type M) and 30 A. The plugs have three round pins arranged in

1121-600: A triangle, with the larger top pin being the earthing pin. The plugs are polarised and unfused. Plugs are non-interchangeable between current ratings. Introduced in 1934, the BS 546 type has mostly been displaced in the UK by the BS 1363 standard. According to the IEC, some 40 countries use Type D and 15 countries use Type M. Some, such as India and South Africa, use standards based on BS 546. BS 1363 "13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units"

1180-585: A two-pin plug and wall socket format was available on the British market. By about 1910 the first three-pin earthed (grounded) plugs appeared. Over time other safety improvements were gradually introduced to the market. The earliest national standard for plug and wall socket forms was set in 1915. Designs of plugs and sockets have gradually developed to reduce the risk of electric shock and fire. Plugs are shaped to prevent bodily contact with live parts. Sockets may be recessed and plugs designed to fit closely within

1239-426: Is a registered trademark of a German association established to own the term). The socket has a circular recess with two round holes and two earthing clips that engage before live pin contact is made. The pins are 4.8 by 19 mm (0.189 by 0.748 in). The Schuko system is unpolarised, allowing live and neutral to be reversed. The socket accepts Europlugs and CEE 7/17 plugs and also includes CEE 7/7. It

SECTION 20

#1732797924553

1298-541: Is centred between the apertures, offset by 10 mm (0.394 in). The plug has two round pins measuring 4.8 by 19 mm (0.189 by 0.748 in), spaced 19 mm (0.748 in) apart and with an aperture for the socket's projecting earth pin. This standard is also used in Belgium , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovakia and some other countries. Although the plug is polarised, CEE 7 does not define

1357-575: Is connected to an AC electrical circuit. Inserting ("plugging in") the plug into the socket allows the device to draw power from this circuit. Plugs and wall-mounted sockets for portable appliances became available in the 1880s, to replace connections to light sockets. A proliferation of types were subsequently developed for both convenience and protection from electrical injury . Electrical plugs and sockets differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape, size, and connector type. Different standard systems of plugs and sockets are used around

1416-405: Is neither applicable nor permitted on plugs and sockets. CEE 7/1 unearthed sockets accept CEE 7/2 round plugs with 4.8 by 19 mm (0.189 by 0.748 in) pins. Because they have no earth connections they have been or are being phased out in most countries. Some countries still permit their use in dry areas, while others allow their sale for replacements only. Older sockets are so shallow that it

1475-445: Is often designed so that the earth ground contact connects before the energized circuit contacts. The assigned IEC appliance class is governed by the requirement for earthing or equivalent protection. Class I equipment requires an earth contact in the plug and socket, while Class II equipment is unearthed and protects the user with double insulation . Where a " neutral " conductor exists in supply wiring, polarisation of

1534-431: Is plugged into a wall outlet or a detachable cord. The appliance may have a cord storage feature. A few hand-held appliances use batteries , which may be disposable or rechargeable. Some appliances consist of an electrical motor upon which is mounted various attachments so as to constitute several individual appliances, such as a blender, a food processor, or a juicer . Many stand mixers , while functioning primarily as

1593-449: Is possible to accidentally touch the live pins of a plug. CEE 7/1 sockets also accept CEE 7/4, CEE 7/6 and CEE 7/7 plugs without providing an earth connection. The earthed CEE 7/3 and CEE 7/5 sockets do not allow insertion of CEE 7/2 unearthed round plugs. The CEE 7/3 socket and CEE 7/4 plug are commonly called Schuko , an abbreviation for Schutzkontakt , Protective contact to earth ("Schuko" itself

1652-696: Is rated at 16 A. The current German standards are DIN  49441 and DIN 49440. The standard is used in Germany and several other European countries and on other continents. Some countries require child-proof socket shutters; the DIN ;49440 standard does not have this requirement. The plug is used in most or many countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as in the countries of South Korea , Peru , Chile and Uruguay. The few European countries not using it at all are Belgium , Czech Republic , Cyprus , Ireland , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , and

1711-485: Is similar in appearance to the Australian and Chinese plugs. It has an earthing pin and two flat current-carrying pins forming an inverted V-shape (120°). The flat pins for the 10 A version measure 6.25 by 1.55 mm (0.246 by 0.061 in) and 8.0 by 1.9 mm (0.315 by 0.075 in) for the 20 A version, and are set at 30° to the vertical at a nominal pitch of 7.92 mm (0.312 in). The pin length

1770-542: Is the main plug and socket type used in the United Kingdom. According to the IEC it is also used in over 50 countries worldwide. Some of these countries have national standards based on BS 1363, including: Bahrain , Hong Kong , Ireland , Cyprus , Malaysia , Malta , Saudi Arabia , Singapore , Sri Lanka , and UAE . This plug has three rectangular pins forming an isosceles triangle. The BS 1363 plug has

1829-525: Is the same as in the Chinese version. The earthing pin length is 21.4 mm (0.843 in) for the 10 A version and 21.8 mm (0.858 in) for the 20 A version. On the plugs, the pole length is 18.2 mm (0.717 in) for the 10 A version and 17.8 mm (0.701 in) for the 20 A version. The most important difference from the Australian plug is that the Argentine plug

Coffeemaker - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-510: Is wired with the live and neutral contacts reversed. In Brazil, similar plugs and sockets are still commonly used in old installations for high-power appliances like air conditioners, dishwashers, and household ovens. Although being often called "Argentine plug," it is actually based on the American NEMA ;10-20 standard, and is incompatible with Argentine IRAM plugs. Since Brazil adopted the NBR 14136 standard which includes

1947-535: The UK , or not using it predominantly are Denmark , Faroe Island , France , Italy , Monaco , San Marino , Slovakia . French standard NF C 61-314 defines the CEE ;7/5 socket and CEE 7/6 plug, (and also includes CEE 7/7, 7/16 and 7/17 plugs). The socket has a circular recess with two round holes. The round earth pin projecting from the socket connects before the energized contacts touch. The earth pin

2006-420: The 2000s. Small appliance Some small appliances perform the same or similar function as their larger counterparts. For example, a toaster oven is a small appliance that performs a similar function as an oven . Small appliances often have a home version and a commercial version, for example waffle irons , food processors , and blenders are small household appliances . A food processor will perform

2065-517: The United States Army, and a manufacturer of sockets point out a number of safety issues with universal socket and adaptors, including voltage mismatch, exposure of live pins, lack of proper earth ground connection, or lack of protection from overload or short circuit. Universal sockets may not meet technical standards for durability, plug retention force, temperature rise of components, or other performance requirements, as they are outside

2124-418: The appliance and socket match in frequency or voltage. Adaptors allow travellers to connect devices to foreign sockets, but do not change voltage or frequency. A voltage converter is required for electrical compatibility in places with a different voltage than the device is designed for. Mismatch in frequency between supply and appliances may still cause problems even at the correct voltage. Some appliances have

2183-407: The brewing water and the grounds are filtered from the water via a mesh instead of a paper filter, coffee brewed with the cafetiere captures more of the coffee's flavour and essential oils , which would become trapped in a traditional drip brew machine's paper filters. As with drip-brewed coffee, cafetiere coffee can be brewed to any strength by adjusting the amount of ground coffee which is brewed. If

2242-439: The country and the region in which they are used, with various ratings. This allows connecting more than one electrical consumer item to one single socket and is mainly used for low power devices (TV sets, table lamps, computers, etc.). They are usually rated at 6 A 250 V, 10 A 250 V, or 16 A 250 V. This is the general rating of the adaptor, and indicates the maximum total load in amps, regardless of

2301-413: The energised socket, plug and socket systems often have other safety features to reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to appliances. When commercial electric power was first introduced in the 1880s, it was used primarily for lighting. Other portable appliances (such as vacuum cleaners, electric fans, smoothing irons, and curling-tong heaters) were connected to light-bulb sockets. As early as 1885

2360-471: The first vacuum coffee maker that truly automated the vacuum brewing process, while eliminating the need for a stovetop burner or liquid fuels. A cafetiere (coffee plunger, French press in US English) requires coffee of a coarser grind than does a drip brew coffee filter , as finer grounds will seep through the press filter and into the drink. Because the coffee grounds remain in direct contact with

2419-412: The hot blade, so it can only be inserted one way. Wiring systems where both circuit conductors have a significant potential with respect to earth do not benefit from polarised plugs. Plugs and power cords have a rated voltage and current assigned to them by the manufacturer. Using a plug or power cord that is inappropriate for the load may be a safety hazard. For example, high-current equipment can cause

Coffeemaker - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-428: The letter does not uniquely identify a plug and socket within the type family, nor guarantee compatibility. Physical compatibility of the plug and socket does not ensure correct voltage, frequency, or current capacity. Not all plug and socket families have letters in the IEC guide, but those that have are noted in this article, as are some additional letters commonly used by retail vendors. In Europe, CENELEC publishes

2537-522: The live wires in the wall behind it. Some also have an integrated cover (e.g. a hinged flap) covering the socket itself when not in use, or a switch to turn off the socket. Some plugs have a built-in fuse which breaks the circuit if too much current is passed. A third contact for a connection to earth is intended to protect against insulation failure of the connected device. Some early unearthed plug and socket types were revised to include an earthing pin or phased out in favour of earthed types. The plug

2596-805: The number of sockets used (for example, if a 16 A 250 V adaptor has four sockets, it would be fine to plug four different devices into it that each consume 2 A as this represents a total load of only 8 A, whereas if only two devices were plugged into it that each consumed 10 A, the combined 20 A load would overload the circuit). In some countries these adaptors are banned and are not available in shops, as they may lead to fires due to overloading them or can cause excessive mechanical stress to wall-mounted sockets. Adaptors can be made with ceramic, Bakelite, or other plastic bodies. "Universal" or "multi-standard" sockets are intended to accommodate plugs of various types. In some jurisdictions, they violate safety standards for sockets. Safety advocates,

2655-531: The pins are slightly different and hence it will not fit into a Schuko socket. There are, however, two-pin sockets and adaptors which will accept both BS 4573 and Europlugs. The International Commission on the Rules for the Approval of Electrical Equipment ( IECEE ) was a standards body which published Specification for plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar purposes as CEE Publication 7 in 1951. It

2714-480: The placement of the live and neutral, and different countries have conflicting standards for that. For example, the French standard NF C 15-100 requires live to be on the right side, while Czech standard ČSN 33 2180 requires live to be on the left side of a socket. Thus, a French plug when plugged into a Czech socket (or a Czech plug when plugged into a French socket) will always have its polarity reversed, with no way for

2773-410: The plug can improve safety by preserving the distinction in the equipment. For example, appliances may ensure that switches interrupt the line side of the circuit, or can connect the shell of a screw-base lampholder to neutral to reduce electric shock hazard. In some designs, polarised plugs cannot be mated with non-polarised sockets. In NEMA 1 plugs, for example, the neutral blade is slightly wider than

2832-422: The power supply circuit, and may also have a third pin for a safety connection to earth ground. The plug is a male connector, usually with protruding pins that match the openings and female contacts in a socket. Some plugs also have a female contact, used only for the earth ground connection . Typically no energy is supplied to any exposed pins or terminals on the socket. In addition to the recessed contacts of

2891-403: The recess to reduce risk of a user contacting the live pins. Contact pins may be sheathed with insulation over part of their length, so as to reduce exposure of energized metal during insertion or removal of the socket. Sockets may have automatic shutters to stop foreign objects from being inserted into energized contacts. Sockets are often set into a surround which prevents accidental contact with

2950-567: The risk of fire, some appliances have a short detachable cord that is connected to the appliance magnetically . If the appliance is moved further than the cord length from the wall, the cord will detach from the appliance. Designations and regulations of "small appliances" vary by country and are not simply determined by physical sizes. For instance, United States Environmental Protection Agency regulations mandate that small appliances must meet two standards: The designations and regulations of "small appliances" are very important in order to assure

3009-468: The round earthing pin permanently mounted in the socket; CEE 7/6 plugs are not compatible with Schuko sockets due to the presence of indentations on the side of the recess, as well as the earth clips. CEE 7/7 plugs have been designed to solve this incompatibility by being able to fit in either type of socket. Sales and installations of 7/5 sockets are legally permitted in Denmark since 2008, but

SECTION 50

#1732797924553

3068-427: The safety of the public. Here are some rules and regulations for small appliances: Wall outlet AC power plugs and sockets connect devices to mains electricity to supply them with electrical power . A plug is the connector attached to an electrically-operated device, often via a cable. A socket (also known as a receptacle or outlet ) is fixed in place, often on the internal walls of buildings, and

3127-881: The scope of national and international technical standards. A technical standard may include compatibility of a socket with more than one form of plug. The Thai dual socket is specified in figure 4 of TIS 166-2549 and is designed to accept Thai plugs, and also Type A, B, and C plugs. Chinese dual sockets have both an unearthed socket complying with figure 5 of GB 1002-2008 (both flat pin and 4.8 mm round pin), and an earthed socket complying with figure 4 of GB 1002-2008. Both Thai and Chinese dual sockets also physically accept plugs normally fitted to 120 V appliances (e.g. 120 V rated NEMA 1-15 ungrounded plugs). This can cause an electrical incompatibility, since both states normally supply residential power only at 220 V. Commonly, manufacturers provide an IEC 60320 inlet on an appliance, with

3186-587: The tasks of chopper, slicer, mixer as well as juicer. Instead of buying multiple small appliances you can buy a single food processor. The commercial, or industrial, version is designed to be used nearly continuously in a restaurant or other similar setting. Commercial appliances are typically connected to a more powerful electrical outlet, are larger and stronger, have more user-serviceable parts, and cost significantly more. These commercial versions are capable of performing heavy tasks in one go. Small appliances include those used for : Many small appliances perform

3245-419: The used grounds remain in the drink after brewing, French pressed coffee left to stand can become "bitter", though this is an effect that many users of cafetiere consider beneficial. For a 1 ⁄ 2 -litre (0.11 imp gal; 0.13 US gal) cafetiere, the contents are considered spoiled, by some reports, after around 20 minutes. The single-serve or single-cup coffeemaker had gained popularity by

3304-480: The user to remedy this situation apart from rewiring the plug. One approach for resolving this situation is taken in Poland, where CEE 7/5 sockets are typically installed in pairs, the upper (upside-down) one having the "French" polarity and the lower one having the "Czech" polarity, so that the user can choose what to plug where. CEE 7/4 (Schuko) plugs are not compatible with the CEE 7/5 socket because of

3363-639: The vertical at a nominal pitch of 13.7 mm (0.539 in). Australian and New Zealand wall sockets (locally often referred to as power points ) almost always have switches on them for extra safety, as in the UK. An unearthed version of this plug with two angled power pins but no earthing pin is used with double-insulated appliances, but the sockets always include an earth contact. There are several AS/NZS 3112 plug variants, including ones with larger or differently shaped pins used for devices drawing 15, 20, 25 and 32  A . These sockets accept plugs of equal or lower current rating, but not higher. For example,

3422-549: The world, and many obsolete socket types are still found in older buildings. Coordination of technical standards has allowed some types of plug to be used across large regions to facilitate the production and import of electrical appliances and for the convenience of travellers. Some multi-standard sockets allow use of several types of plug. Incompatible sockets and plugs may be used with the help of adaptors, though these may not always provide full safety and performance. Single-phase sockets have two current-carrying connections to

3481-716: Was last updated by Modification 4 in March 1983. CEE 7 consists of general specifications and standard sheets for specific connectors. Standard plugs and sockets based on two round pins with centres spaced at 19 mm are in use in Europe, most of which are listed in IEC/TR ;60083 "Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC." EU countries each have their own regulations and national standards; for example, some require child-resistant shutters, while others do not. CE marking

#552447