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35-692: Colossal Cave may refer to: Colossal Cave (Arizona) , cave system in Arizona Colossal Cavern , cave in Kentucky Colossal Cave Adventure , 1976 computer game based on Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky Colossal Cave (video game) , 2023 reimagining of the 1976 video game See also [ edit ] Mammoth Cave (disambiguation) Grotta Gigante Topics referred to by

70-615: A baseball game that year and are believed to have used the area fairly regularly for campouts, target practice etc. until about 1921, when Camp Lawton opened on Mount Lemmon. Within a few years, the Boy Scouts of Tucson became part of the Catalina Council of the Boy Scouts of America. As the years passed, the old fort traded hands a few times, at one point being under the control of the Arizona State Museum of

105-409: A group proposed significant development of the cavern for tourism and also the construction of a railroad spur from nearby Vail but nothing resulted from this effort. In December 1917, after Jim Westfall and Alfred A. Trippel laid claim to the cave and the land surrounding it, for the possible creation of a tourist attraction, Trippel asked Lynn Hodgson, an amateur spelunker, to explore the cave. After

140-596: A location just south of the confluence of the Tanque Verde and Pantano creeks, at the point where they form the Rillito River , due to the year-round supply of water during that period. The Hohokam natives had chosen the site centuries earlier, presumably for the same reason. To this day, shards of Hohokam pottery can still be found in the area. The Army claimed a military reservation that encompassed approximately eighty square miles and extended east toward

175-577: A steel tank manufacturing business on the site. In 2006, Jim Campbell, a local developer, purchased the property (known as the Adkins Parcel) and then traded the property to the City of Tucson. The City and County had been attempting to purchase the Adkins Parcel for over 30 years. In 2009, the city in association with Pima County created a Master Plan for the creation and development of what

210-452: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Colossal Cave (Arizona) The cave is an ancient karst cave, classified as "dry" by guides (though this is not a speleologic term). The meaning of this is that its formations are completely dry, or "dead", and do not grow. This is because the cave was formed by water depositing limestone, but this source has disappeared. It instead feeds

245-679: Is documented in his iconic book On the Road . "The Boy Scouts had a long connection to Fort Lowell," explained columnist David Leighton, in the Arizona Daily Star newspaper on Feb. 5, 2017: A couple years later, the Fort Lowell Boy Scouts troop, which was formed from boys in the neighborhood that had grown up around the old Ft. Lowell ruins, called El Fuerte and a farming community, populated by Mormons, farther west that came to be named Binghamton. The two troops played

280-489: Is named. After the Army decommissioned the post in 1891, the civilian occupied military reservation land was sold and private farms were reestablished along the Rillito River . Mexican families from Sonora soon moved north to take advantage of the "free" repurposed fort housing and framing jobs. In the early 20th century the small village continued to grow west of the ruins of the old fort. This occupation has become known as

315-448: Is owned by Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation . Other park attractions include: 32°03′54″N 110°37′51″W  /  32.06500°N 110.63083°W  / 32.06500; -110.63083 Fort Lowell Fort Lowell was a United States Army post active from 1873 to 1891 on the outskirts of Tucson , Arizona . Fort Lowell was the successor to Camp Lowell, an earlier Army installation. The Army chose

350-691: Is run by the Tucson Presidio Trust which also runs the Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón . Exhibits focus on military life on the Arizona frontier. The Fort Lowell Historic District is the neighborhood located on or near Fort Lowell. It is set aside as a historic district . Fort Lowell is the historical setting of the 1957–1958 syndicated Western television series , Boots and Saddles , starring John Pickard , Patrick McVey , and Gardner McKay . A reconstructed Fort Lowell

385-629: The El Fuerte Period. The small community of adobe houses would continue grow in the first two decades of the 20th century to include the El Callejón Fort Lowell School, and two churches, San Pedro Chapel and the Fort Lowell Union Church. These three civic building created the nexus of the village center and formed an informal plaza. In the 1930s Nan, Pete and Charles Bolsius rebuilt

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420-607: The National Register of Historic Places or the City of Tucson Fort Lowell Historic Zone due to the timing of the original designations, which occurred decades ago. Since those designations, additional structures have been identified as having historical, architectural, or cultural significance, but they remain outside the official protections because the review processes at the time did not encompass more recent historical developments. The omission of these buildings highlights

455-643: The Rincon Mountains . The Post of Tucson was established May 20, 1862, after the California Column drove Confederate forces from the area. The post was abandoned in July 1864 and reestablished in July 1865. On August 29, 1866, the post was renamed Camp Lowell in honor of General Charles Russell Lowell , who died from wounds sustained during the Battle of Cedar Creek . Initially located on

490-491: The University of Arizona . In 1945, with the assistance of prominent local rancher Carlos Ronstadt, the Boy Scouts bid and obtained 40 acres of the old ruins while preventing the land from falling into the hands of developers, who were rumored to have plans of constructing a subdivision where the ruins existed. A water system was put in place by the Boy Scouts and volunteers and three structures were acquired and donated to

525-564: The "active" nearby Arkenstone Cave that continues to grow formations. Colossal Cave was used from 900 to 1450 AD by the Hohokam , Sobaipuri , and Apache Indians . In 1876, a man named Sidney H. Ramsey, a native of Louisiana, was owner of the Mountain Springs Station, a stage stop approximately 22 miles east of Tucson , in the foothills of the Rincon Mountains . This station was likely of recent construction because it

560-719: The Mountain Springs Ranch, which now included the Mountain Springs Hotel and Mountain Springs Station. Around 1879, Solomon Lick a former Union soldier and a partner took over the ranch. They advertised it as “The finest summer resort for families and winter resort for hunters and sportsmen in southern Arizona…Mineral springs are nearby and special accommodations are provided for families, there being six excellent rooms, well furnished.” The ranch's dairy provided fresh milk, butter and eggs for

595-463: The area, reviewing changes to properties within the zone to maintain historical accuracy. The zone includes numerous other building and cultural assets including vernacular Sonoran adobe architecture and homes designed by Charles Bolsius , and Veronica Hughart . Some of the houses and buildings include: Several important historic buildings within the Fort Lowell area were not included in either

630-593: The buildings listed National Register of Historic Places , the City of Tucson established the Fort Lowell Historic Zone as a zoning overlay in 1981 to preserve the cultural and historical integrity of the Fort Lowell area. The zoning overlay provides protections for historically significant buildings, ruins, and landscapes, preventing inappropriate alterations and encouraging preservation efforts. The Fort Lowell Historic Zone Advisory Board, composed of local stakeholders and preservationists, oversees

665-594: The city.” In 1884, the local paper reported that “The Mountain Springs Cave” was still for the most part unexplored and that the greatest distance that had been explored up to this point was a half a mile. A few years later, this underground chamber is believed to have been used as a hideout by train robbers who held up the Southern Pacific Express, Train Number 20 on two different occasions. On

700-815: The crumbling adobe ruin of the Post Traders Store making it their home and studio. Through the 1940s a number of other artists moved into the Fort Lowell area establishing a burgeoning artist colony. Significant artists and intellectuals built homes and lived in the area including: René Cheruy and Germaine Cheruy , Win Ellis, modernist painter Jack Maul , sculptor and designer Giorgio Belloli, Charles Bode, architectural designer Veronica Hughart , anthropologists Edward H. Spicer and Rosamond Spicer , photographer Hazel Larson Archer and weaver Ruth Brown. The artist colony attracted writers and poets including beat generation Alan Harrington and Jack Kerouac whose visit

735-646: The east side of Sixth Avenue, between Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets, the post was moved for sanitary reasons to a location about 7 miles (11 km) east of town on March 31, 1873. The post's name was changed to Fort Lowell on April 5, 1879. The fort played a pivotal role during the Apache Wars , providing additional protection for the Tucson area. Far too large and well-manned to be attacked directly, Fort Lowell provided supplies and manpower for outlying military installations. During its eighteen years of operation,

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770-485: The first heist the men made off with $ 3,000 in currency and the second time with gold and silver Mexican dollars. By 1890, William Shaw had taken over the Mountain Springs Ranch and that year, along with soldiers from Fort Lowell explored the cavern for five hours utilizing candles and magnesium wire to illuminate their path through the underground chambers. They were awed by the finger-shaped and kidney-shaped stalactites and stalagmites that occurred in large quantities and

805-520: The fort averaged thirteen officers and 239 enlisted men. Among the units present during this period were the 2nd , 4th , 5th and 6th Cavalry Regiments , as well as the 1st , 8th , and 12th Infantry Regiments . The orientation of the post was set according to magnetic north. It featured a large parade grounds, officers' quarters, quartermaster and commissary storehouses, corrals , quarters for enlisted men as well as for married non-commissioned officers . The most prominent building on post

840-427: The guests. In January 1879, Lick along with a few companions came across what was believed to be either an old mine or cave with Lick and party exploring this large cavity for about 500 feet from the entrance. Soon after, an exploration team, guided by candles placed in a small board, visited the cave, with the local newspaper reporting what they had discovered: “An arched entrance three feet wide and four feet high…At

875-400: The holes that were so deep they could barely hear the rock dropped down when it hit the bottom. The first decade of the new century saw the formation of an enterprise to excavate the bat guano in the cave which led to the boring of an approximately 75-foot tunnel to access this commodity. It's believed seven carloads were taken and shipped to Los Angeles before it was exhausted. In the 1910s,

910-582: The mouth of the cave the air was terribly foul…discovered to be from the large deposits of bat excrement all through the cave…The finding of ashes and other indications of fire, evidently very old..(and) no doubt one of the haunts and resting places of the Apaches…Bones of all kinds lay scattered around, no less than 500 deer antlers being seen and other evidences of life destruction and feasting…They brought out with them many beautiful specimens of stalactites and some fine deer antlers which they brought with them to

945-400: The public as a museum. However, high levels of lead paint were found and the buildings were not opened. On the north end of the former Adkins parcel stands a pile of large stones that, according to local lore, formed a wall of the guardhouse in which Geronimo was kept prior to his removal from Arizona. The Fort Lowell Museum is located in the reconstructed Commanding Officer's quarters and

980-423: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Colossal Cave . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colossal_Cave&oldid=1134717422 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1015-574: The site. One of the structures was used as the Ft. Lowell Training Center and another structure as the Ranger Station. In 1953, the scouts obtained the funds to have a roof built over the remains of the post hospital that still exists today, constructed a rail fence around the hospital ruins which was later replaced by a chain link fence and put up a flagpole just to the south of the remains. While many successful scout events took place there, by 1957 it

1050-609: The survey, Hodgson told Trippel that “the cave was colossal,” and Hodgson later claimed this is where the name “Colossal Cave” comes from. Another possible source, according to Mr. Leighton, was from Byron Cummings of the University of Arizona , who had explored the cave around the same time and may have given it its name. Today the cave is a popular tourist destination as part of Colossal Cave Mountain Park . The park also features two other caves, named Arkenstone and La Tetera, which are protected and are being studied by researchers. It

1085-492: Was along a new road from Tucson to Tres Alamos , a farming community in the San Pedro Valley . The station was "abundantly supplied with water by a living spring and stream of delicious water and excellent grass and plenty of wood for campers are all about." It also provided "first-rate meals prepared to order...and (was) always supplied with hay and grain." Within a couple years, E.H. “Hank” Bridwell had taken over

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1120-678: Was featured in the 1972 film Ulzana's Raid , starring Burt Lancaster . However, the reconstructed fort was actually built in an area just southwest of the Santa Rita Mountains , near Nogales , Arizona. Fort Lowell Park and the ruins within the property were listed in the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1978. Other properties, which belong to the park or which in the past belonged to Fort Lowell, are individually listed in National Register of Historic Places and include Inclusive and more expansive of

1155-476: Was realized that the Boy Scouts didn't have enough money to maintain the site and sold it to Pima County that year. The fort lay in ruins for many years and many of its adobe structures went into disrepair. Some of the portions of the fort were sold to the families in Tucson. Among the families which acquired in 1928, large portions where the fort was situated was the Adkins family. The Adkins family established

1190-448: Was the hospital , the adobe remnants of which still stand under a protective structure. A lane lined with cottonwood trees, aptly named Cottonwood Lane, graced the area in front of the officers' houses. Among the more well known officers to have served at Fort Lowell were the young Walter Reed , the Army physician famous for his yellow fever research, and Charles Bendire , the amateur ornithologist after whom Bendire's thrasher

1225-599: Was to become the Fort Lowell Park. The park features ball fields, tennis and racquetball courts, a large public swimming pool, and the Fort Lowell Museum dedicated to Fort Lowell's days as an active military installation. Fort Lowell also includes a large pond. The Adkins Parcel that Tucson purchased from Jim Campbell lies immediately west of Craycroft Road where the last of the original officers' quarters stand. Plans indicated that they would be open to

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