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83-588: Combermere can refer to: Combermere Abbey , Cheshire, England Combermere Park , Cheshire, England Combermere, Cheshire , a village in Cheshire, England Combermere House, Nantwich , a listed building in Nantwich, Cheshire Comber Mere , a lake in the park of Combermere Abbey, Cheshire, England Combermere, Ontario , a town in eastern Ontario, Canada Combermere School , Barbados Combermere Barracks ,

166-723: A British Army barracks near Windsor Castle Viscount Combermere , a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Combermere . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Combermere&oldid=1031370768 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

249-451: A chair. Parapsychologist Sir William Barrett , who investigated the photograph in 1895, surmised that the "ghost" was a servant, but the late viscount's daughter-in-law stated that the male servants in the house were all much younger in appearance and the outside servants were attending the funeral. Robert Stapleton-Cotton, 3rd Viscount Combermere led a "rackety life" and further eroded the family's wealth; he tried without success to sell

332-537: A decorative function, and could be highly ornate in their design. The game larder at Uppark in Sussex, designed by Humphry Repton , has a floor decorated with deer vertebrae, and has been described as "a mannered grotesque advertisement for the pleasures of the chase and the table awaiting arriving guests." Dating from around 1810, the rectangular flint-faced building has an octagonal timber portion. The game larder at Combermere Abbey in Cheshire, which also dates from

415-447: A former carriage house . It has stone dressings and features lancet windows, square lead -roofed turrets and an octagonal-flued chimneystack. The arched main entrance is flanked by narrow octagonal turrets topped with spirelets. A ruined icehouse dating from the 18th or 19th century stands near the stables. It consists of a barrel-vaulted passage leading to a chamber with a domed roof. Both buildings are listed at grade II. In

498-471: A further recessed wing which has been reduced to two storeys, with the render removed to expose red brick; it has a two-storey canted bay window . Over the last 25 years, the abbey has undergone extensive restoration, with the Nina Campbell -designed North Wing now accommodation for guests. On the ground floor, the main room is the former entrance hall to the west porch, which was adapted into

581-418: A gate screen thought to be by Robert Bakewell , originally from Combermere's gardens. The painting shows a summer house on Summerhouse Island, believed to date from around 1700. The main access to the park at that date was from the west, via a narrow strip of land which formerly separated the main lake from a smaller one to the south. This was excavated during the second half of the 18th century to extend

664-580: A monumental obelisk was erected in his memory on the edge of the park, under the terms of his widow's will. His son, Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 2nd Viscount Combermere , did some further work on the house in the 1870s, but the family's fortunes declined in the later 19th century. The second Viscount twice rented the abbey to the Empress Elisabeth of Austria in 1881 and 1882. A total of £10,000-worth of alterations were made for her stays, including installing hot water and an electric bell system;

747-408: A narrow dining room after the main entrance was moved to the east side. Its interior features date from the early 19th century. The room is crossed by two screens, each flanked with clustered columns whose "delicate" capitals are decorated with lilies and leaves, described as acanthus or lotus . Similar columns also flank the room's marble chimneypiece . The leaf design is repeated on

830-464: A parapet with battlements; it includes an octagonal turret and a water tower , both with battlements. The south range includes a square clock tower , built in 1815 to celebrate the Battle of Waterloo ; the clock is by JB Joyce & Co . The tower is decorated with arrowslits and capped by an octagonal timber bell cote . Standing in the courtyard is a grade-II*-listed game larder , probably by

913-414: A rise at the north-west edge of the park. The park includes the natural lake of Comber Mere. Covering an area of around 132 acres (53 ha), it is the largest lake in a private English park. An area of 169 acres (68.5 ha) of the mere and its surrounding land has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its swamp and fen environments, as well as its importance for birds. The mere

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996-681: A small daughter house was founded at Hulton in Staffordshire by Henry de Audley. In 1220, the abbot was reprimanded for unauthorised building, but an inspection by Abbot Stephen of Lexington in 1231 found no particular problems with the abbey. Combermere received a royal visit in 1245, and at that time the abbey was granted a market and fair at what is now known as Market Drayton in Shropshire. Combermere established granges before 1237 at nearby Acton and Burland , Wincle in east Cheshire, and Cliff and Shifford in Shropshire. Wincle

1079-473: A timber upper storey reached by an external staircase. Although most extant game larders are built in stone or brick, some timber examples have survived. Examples include the structures at Brodsworth Hall , Yorkshire, Audley End House , Essex, and the Bird Game Larder at Ardverikie House , Badenoch and Strathspey. In addition to their practical purpose, game larders on great estates often served

1162-407: A very pretty convenient larder, which was used only for game. ... It was built out from the wall of the kitchen, in the form of an octagon, having windows on every side, except that formed by the kitchen wall, and in this was the door. The roof projected over the windows, to protect them from the sun and rain. The ceiling in the interior was coved, and from the centre hung an octagon rack with hooks for

1245-407: A village of a hundred houses on 14 acres (57,000 m ) of greenfield estate land, with the stated aim of funding restoration of the abbey, met with substantial opposition and were turned down in 2005. A subsequent scheme to build 43 houses on a greenfield site south of the nearby small village of Aston , as an "enabling development" to fund repairs to the north wing, again met with opposition; it

1328-531: A wooded hill about a mile from the abbey subsided into a salt pit, and the abbot started to make salt; however, objections from the local salt industry soon put a stop to the practice. Production appears to have restarted after the dissolution, but largely ceased during Elizabeth I 's reign. The abbey's revenues in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 amounted to £258 6 s 6 d , including £15 3 s 4 d of salt revenues from Nantwich. The net income

1411-545: Is an important overwintering ground for wildfowl , and also has one of the largest heronries in Cheshire. Game larder A separate building for storing game during the maturation process improves ventilation, while reducing the odour problem. Most large country houses in Britain had a game larder, and numerous examples built between the early 18th and early 20th centuries survive. The structure also existed in other European countries where hunting or shooting game

1494-461: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Combermere Abbey Combermere Abbey is a former monastery , later a country house, near Burleydam , between Nantwich , Cheshire and Whitchurch in Shropshire , England, located within Cheshire and near the border with Shropshire. Initially Savigniac and later Cistercian , the abbey

1577-411: Is run as an organic dairy farm. The National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens lists 990 acres (400 ha) of the park at grade II. The gardens include a walled garden of 5 acres (2 ha), in which a maze of fruit trees was created in the 1990s. The park contains several buildings and structures which are listed at grade II. A sandstone sundial near the house is believed to incorporate

1660-481: Is said to have been the model for W. M. Thackeray 's Sir George Tufto in The Book of Snobs , and architectural historians Peter de Figueiredo and Julian Treuherz consider his alterations to "exhibit a love of empty-headed show." The first viscount later commissioned two projects to remodel the abbey completely; the first, of around 1829, employed Irish architects Sir Richard and William Vitruvius Morrison , and

1743-413: Is separated from the landing at the south end by a "magnificent" carved wooden screen, which probably dates from the early 17th century. The "handsome and boldly-carved design" includes pilasters with lions on the bases flanking paired double doors with arched heads and satyrs in the spandrels , and also incorporates carved cherubs and grotesques , and painted panels to the external (landing) face; it

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1826-467: Is surmounted by a central emblem. The carved wooden panelling above the stone fireplace incorporates four painted portraits, including Henry VIII and Sir George Cotton, and dates from the 16th and 17th centuries. The remaining panelling in the library is not original. The hammerbeam roof is concealed by a decorated plasterwork ceiling, probably dating from the 17th century. It has broad coving decorated with painted coats of arms , probably added in

1909-566: Is the game larder at Farnborough Hall , Warwickshire, which dates from around 1750 and is thought to be by Sanderson Miller ; the hexagonal rendered-brick structure has a loggia with Tuscan columns and is surmounted with a wooden cupola . An example of an unornamented square game larder stands at Studley Park in Yorkshire; built in limestone, it dates from the late 18th century. The square stone game larder at Rydal Hall in Cumbria has

1992-483: Is the subject of what is believed to be the earliest country house poem , "To Richard Cotton, Esq.," composed by Geoffrey Whitney in 1586. It compares the abbey to a beehive: Richard Cotton's alterations to the Great Hall (now the library) are thought to include concealing the hammerbeam roof with a plaster ceiling and putting in a fireplace. Timbers in one of the bedrooms have been dated to around this time. It

2075-523: Is topped by a cupola above the entrance, both slightly off-central. The entrance (west) face has paired projecting gabled wings, and another wing projects at the rear. Samuel Johnson stayed at the abbey in July 1774 with Hester Thrale , who was related to the Cottons. He writes: The house appears to have remained little altered from its 16th-century form when Johnson visited, possibly in part because

2158-523: Is unclear whether he installed a grand staircase to access the Hall, which is on the first floor. The room's existing screen is believed to date from somewhat later; it is known to have been moved at some point from its original northern position to the south side of the Hall, where it now stands. William III stayed at the house in 1690, while travelling to the Battle of the Boyne , and his visit may have been

2241-644: The Chester – Shrewsbury road proved an intolerable drain on its resources: the abbey was one of four to complain to Edward, the Black Prince in 1351 about the cost of providing hospitality to guests and their servants, horses and hunting hounds. In the early 15th century, previous abbots were again blamed for the abbey's poverty, this time for disposing of timber from the abbey's woods and allowing its buildings to fall into disrepair. The abbots and monks were involved in many violent disputes with outsiders from

2324-482: The Wrenbury Home Guard – of which Sir Kenneth was a member – did fieldcraft training exercises in the park. His only son, writer and MP Anthony Crossley , had been killed in an aeroplane crash shortly before the war, and when Sir Kenneth died in 1957, the estate passed to his granddaughter, Penelope Callander, later Lady Lindsay . The 19th-century rendering led to problems with dry rot . By

2407-473: The coving of the modern entrance hall and internal passage. The passage also has clustered columns rising to cast-iron arches in the Perpendicular Gothic style, which de Figueiredo and Treuherz liken to those in the early-19th-century version of Eaton Hall by William Porden . Originally the Great Hall, the library on the first floor remains the principal reception room of the house. It

2490-414: The game larder and clock tower was completed in the early 21st century, removing the former from the at risk register. Little remains of the original monastic buildings, although remnants of medieval stonework from an arch are concealed in a cupboard in the house, and pieces of carved stone have been found in the grounds. The existing house, a grade I listed building , incorporates a building from

2573-516: The 12th and early 13th centuries, mainly in the south of Cheshire and the adjacent counties of Staffordshire and Shropshire , but also in Derbyshire . Other benefactors included William Malbank, who confirmed his father's grant and added further land, Robert de Ferrers , the Earl of Derby , William FitzAlan, William FitzRanulph and Ivo Pantulf , and later Ranulph de Blondeville (also Ranulph III),

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2656-663: The 13th century onwards. In 1281, a feud with the Abbey of Saint-Evroul in Orne over the church at Drayton , which Combermere was leasing from the French abbey, culminated in a group of monks, including the abbot, being excommunicated for guarding the church "like a castle" and stopping the Archbishop of Canterbury from entering. In 1309, a dispute between Richard of Fullshurst and the abbot had to be mediated by Edward II . The abbot

2739-407: The 14th and 15th centuries; in 1496, it was exempted from tax for this reason. The reasons for the abbey's abrupt descent into debt are unclear. The monks and abbot attributed their situation in 1328 to financial mismanagement by earlier abbots, who had leased out many of the abbey's estates to tenants, often at poor terms. Local historian Frank Latham has speculated that the abbey's proximity to

2822-518: The 17th century, with a tithe of the barony's salt revenues. The abbey was also given the church at Acton and its associated chapel of Nantwich, as well as two churches in Staffordshire , at Sandon and Alstonfield . The abbey later appropriated the church of Child's Ercall in Shropshire and the Cheshire churches and chapels of Baddiley , Church Coppenhall , Church Minshull and Wrenbury . Numerous other grants of land followed in

2905-446: The 19th century. The surviving service buildings to the abbey mainly date from the 18th and 19th centuries, and are predominantly constructed in red brick. Many feature Gothic ornamentation. A service court consisting of two ranges dating from the 18th or early 19th century stands adjacent to the house on the south-east side; the ranges are both listed at grade II. The north range features lancet windows , cross-shaped arrowslits and

2988-504: The Abbot's House, was converted into a country house for the Cotton family . The hammerbeam roof timbers of the Great Hall have recently been dated to 1502, confirming the incorporation of a monastic building. Sir George's son, Richard Cotton, redesigned the house in 1563. His remodelling is commemorated by a stone tablet, uncovered in 1795, which reads: The abbey under his ownership

3071-496: The Cotton family until 1919, and is still in private ownership. The abbey is listed at grade I, with its North Wing now operating as a bed and breakfast . Its park includes the large lake of Comber Mere, a Site of Special Scientific Interest . A total of around 400 hectares (990 acres) of the park are listed at grade II; several structures are also listed, including a game larder at grade II*. The name Combermere means "lake of

3154-510: The Cottons had acquired by marriage the much larger property of Lleweni Hall in Denbighshire , Wales. Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton moved to Combermere Abbey in 1773, and later sold Lleweni. He remodelled and extended the abbey in around 1795, perhaps to his own designs; Robert Mylne was employed at this time. The existing abbey largely owes its appearance to the alterations of diplomat and military leader, Sir Stapleton Cotton . He

3237-729: The Cumbri" – from Cymru , the native Welsh name for Wales – and refers to an enclave of Britons surviving the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the area. Combermere Abbey was the earlier of the two great Cistercian abbeys in Cheshire, the other being Vale Royal . The abbey was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Michael , and originally belonged to the Savigniac order, which merged with the Cistercian order by 1147. Hugh Malbank,

3320-467: The Earl of Chester, Roger of Ightfield, Gilbert de Macclesfield, James de Audley and Robert de Baskerville. The early history of Combermere is obscure as most of its records were destroyed before the 17th century. For the first hundred or so years after its foundation, the abbey appears to have been reasonably prosperous. In 1146–53, Abbot William successfully founded a daughter house at Poulton , which

3403-465: The Irish Morrison family, which dates from the early 19th century. The octagonal structure is topped with an octagonal wooden lantern . The original ironwork on which game was hung remains in the interior. The Elizabethan -style stable block dates from 1837 and was designed by Edward Blore . It forms a quadrangle surrounding a rectangular courtyard and incorporates two cottages and

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3486-478: The Lancashire abbey, and attempting to eject its abbot. Several conflicts between the abbey and its tenants were recorded in the 15th century, with the most serious incident being the murder of Abbot Richard Alderwas in 1446 by John Bagh of Dodcot, a labourer, who shot the abbot with a bow and arrow. The Black Death pandemic of 1348–49 is likely to have affected Combermere. The abbey's numbers are known for

3569-441: The abbey and its estates, which had been revalued at £275 17 s 11 1 ⁄ 2 d , were granted to Sir George Cotton, an esquire of the body to Henry VIII , and his wife, Mary. The abbey site at that time included a church with a steeple or bell-tower, and a cemetery. After the abbey's dissolution, the church and part of the monastery buildings were demolished. A building in the west range, usually now considered to represent

3652-468: The abbey and making off with books worth £100; although the two were acquitted, Hoggeson and another monk were later outlawed. In 1520, a monk was murdered by a servant of Abbot Christopher Walley; the prior was accused of covering up the murder and sheltering the murderer, because of the abbey's "evil name for using of misrule." Shortly before its dissolution, Combermere had a brief period of salt production. John Leland records in around 1535 that part of

3735-403: The abbey commenced slightly later, possibly in 1133, often stated as the date of foundation. The site given for the monastery buildings was a wooded area by the large lake of Comber Mere, a peaceful and isolated location near the Shropshire border, suitable for the austere Savigniac order. Little or nothing is known of the early abbey buildings. The first abbot was named William. A copy of

3818-556: The abbot's management. Burnell contributed £213 towards the abbey's needs – a sum considerably in excess of its annual income, estimated in 1318 at £130 14 s 11 d – receiving lands in Monks Coppenhall (now Crewe ) in return. Royal custody was renewed in 1315–21, from 1328, and again from 1412; the 15th-century custodians included Henry Beaufort , the Bishop of Winchester . The abbey's impoverished state persisted throughout

3901-473: The cause of internal reorganisation. The room where the king is thought to have slept, known as the Orange Bedroom, is adjacent to the Great Hall; its timbers have been dated to 1546–81. There is also evidence for building work in around 1725. The house during this period is known mainly from two 18th-century pictures. The earliest, an engraving by Samuel and Nathaniel Buck dating from 1727, shows

3984-574: The costs were met by the Emperor . A keen huntswoman, the Empress's 80-strong retinue included 25 grooms, and she hunted frequently with the Cheshire Hunt. The second viscount died in 1891. While his funeral was taking place, Sybell Corbet, Lady Combermere's sister, took a photograph in the abbey's library that became famous as "Lord Combermere's Ghost Photo", said to show his ghost sitting in

4067-410: The early 18th century, the abbey had large formal gardens. The c. 1730 painting shows the west face, then the entrance front, with a walled forecourt and prominent entrance gates. Formal gardens extend at the rear (east) with trees, ponds and a long straight drive running perpendicular to the house; another small garden with cross-shaped paths lies to the south. Westbury Manor , Long Island , USA now has

4150-503: The early 1970s the house had become so dilapidated that Raymond Erith and Quinlan Terry proposed the radical solution of rebuilding it entirely. This was rejected but maintenance problems eventually led to work carried out by A. H. Brotherton in 1975, including the demolition of Wellington's Wing and part of the 19th-century south wing, and reduction of the remainder of the south wing to two storeys. The present owner (as of 2013), Lady Lindsay's daughter, Sarah Callander Beckett, took over

4233-590: The early 19th century and is thought to be by the Irish Morrison family, has decorative windows in the Gothic style. The octagonal red-brick structure is capped with a timber roof lantern. The game larder at Abbotsford House in Selkirkshire, built by John Smith of Darnick in 1851, takes the form of a circular castle, with crenellations . The circular interior of the game larder at Holkham Hall in Norfolk

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4316-447: The east face, formerly the monastery's cloisters , arcades from which are still present attached to the centre of the façade. The second is an oil painting of around 1730, which depicts an aerial view of the house and gardens, including the west face of the house, then the entrance front. The ground floor is partly stone, with half-timbering in a herringbone pattern on the first storey, and three gables above forming attics. The roof

4399-611: The empty north wing is described as in a "parlous condition" and assessed as "very bad," the most at risk grade. Based on an inspection in May 2012, English Heritage fears that the north wing is in considerable danger of falling down, which would be likely to seriously damage the oldest parts of the abbey. The north wing has been protected since around 2001 by scaffolding bearing a roof, which has slowed but not halted its deterioration. The repair work necessary has been estimated as costing £2 million. Attempts to gain planning permission to build

4482-471: The estate in 1893. Katherine, Duchess of Westminster leased the abbey in 1898–1917. In 1919, Francis Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere sold Combermere Abbey and part of the estate to Sir Kenneth Crossley of Crossley Motors . An aircraft enthusiast, Sir Kenneth often flew his Tiger Moth from the estate. During the Second World War , the house was used as a hospital and school, and

4565-500: The estate in 1992. Combermere Abbey was entered on English Heritage 's " Buildings at Risk " register in 1998, when it was first compiled. The abbey is partially occupied. Restoration work in 2010–12, supervised by Andrew Arrol and funded by grants from English Heritage and the Heritage Conservation Trust , has focused on the library, after structural problems were discovered in the east wall. As of 2013,

4648-415: The exterior remains coated in grey cement render, in part painted white. The windows throughout feature Y-tracery and are headed with cusped arches. The parapets all have battlements and the roofs are of slate. The east (entrance) face has three storeys. In the centre is a projecting gabled single-storey porch bearing a stone panel with the Cotton family arms; it is flanked by octagonal turrets . To

4731-498: The fair at Boston in Lincolnshire , and also exported abroad. These figures are, however, much lower than monasteries in neighbouring counties. The mid-13th century saw the start of the abbey's decline, with a succession of financial problems and scandals. In 1253, its creditors were prevented from seizing its flocks, if the debt could be settled by another means. In 1275, the abbey's debts were so great that its management

4814-600: The first time in 1379, when there were nine monks, plus the abbot. Discipline appears to have broken down and the abbey had an unsavoury reputation, which it retained up until its dissolution. One monk was accused of theft in 1385, and later described as being "vagabond, apostate and obdurate". In 1414, Abbot William Plymouth was accused of forging gold coins; he had been demoted by 1418. There seem to have been internal power struggles around this time: two monks, Roger Hoggeson of Holyhurst and Richard Tenche of Lodmore, were accused of various crimes, including forcibly taking over

4897-405: The foundation charter survives. The original grant included the manor of Wilkesley, comprising two Domesday manors worth 18 shillings pre-Conquest; the villages of Dodcott, Lodmore and Royal; land at Burleydam ; a mill and fishery at Chorley ; and woods at Brentwood, Light Birchwood and Butterley Heyes. It also included a quarter of Nantwich, the largest salt producer in the county until

4980-475: The lake nearer the west face of the house. It is unknown when the park was first landscaped, but it is believed to have contained many mature trees by the 1790s. Sir Robert Salusbury Cotton landscaped the park in 1795–97, possibly employing John Webb . Webb is also said to have designed Brankelow Cottage on the west side of the lake, built in 1797. The modern estate extends to 1,110 acres (450 ha), mainly in Cheshire and extending into Shropshire, and

5063-400: The main timbers. The west (lakeside) face has eight bays, with projecting wings at each end, which each have triple windows to the ground floor. The bays on this face have full-height recessed arches and are separated by pilasters . The single-storey Gothic-style porch is set asymmetrically and consists of three arches; above it is a slight gable. To the south (right) of the southern wing is

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5146-435: The only other known examples are at Vale Royal Abbey and St Nicholas' Chapel in the park of Cholmondeley Castle . The north end of the Great Hall retains the abbey's dais canopy, and in the centre is a smoke bay and louvre . De Figueiredo and Treuherz write: "Seen from a distance, Combermere appears as a romantic ivy-clad vision of battlements and pinnacles. But its detail is coarse, its massing inept..." Most of

5229-411: The original timber frame. A large service wing with bedrooms was thrown out to the south, and a north wing including a dining room, known as Wellington's Wing, was also built to mark Wellington 's visit to the house in 1820. On the interior, he redesigned the library. In 1821, a visitor described the house as "recently coated and ornamented in the pointed Gothic style." The first Viscount Combermere

5312-405: The other Cheshire abbeys, Combermere leased many properties on very long leases during its last few years, several within its final months. The last abbot, John Massey, seems not to have contested the dissolution particularly vigorously. He visited London in May 1538, bearing a letter of support from Rowland Lee , the Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield , but his visit was to no avail. The abbey

5395-401: The remains of a Romanesque column from the 12th-century abbey. Stone Lodge, formerly the gate lodge at the main (south-east) entrance to the park, has recently been converted into a holiday cottage. The sandstone Elizabethan -style building, by William Vitruvius Morrison , dates from around 1828 and bears two Cotton coats of arms. Brankelow Cottage , a "charming eyecatcher," stands to

5478-590: The room. By the early 20th century, refrigeration via cooling pipes was employed. Game larders were sometimes combined with other outbuildings, especially ice houses , as for example at Elvaston Castle in Derbyshire and the Raith Estate in Fife . In central Europe, ice houses were themselves sometimes used for storing deer carcasses. John Claudius Loudon describes a small game larder in 1842: I once saw

5561-404: The second Baron of Wich Malbank (now Nantwich ), was the founder, and the original donation occurred early in the 12th century. It was confirmed in 1130 by Ranulf de Gernons (also Ranulf II), the fourth Earl of Chester , who was one of the witnesses of its foundation charter. Other witnesses included Hugh Malbank's son, William , and Roger de Clinton , the Bishop of Coventry . Building of

5644-480: The second, Edward Blore . Neither were carried out, although the Morrisons built Stone Lodge and probably some service buildings, while Blore designed the stable block. Further alterations in 1854 included constructing a long entrance hall (since partly demolished), which protruded from the east face. Restoration work was carried out by John Tarring in 1860. The first viscount died in 1865, and 25 years later,

5727-445: The smaller birds all ranged in order; and round the wall was another rack for pheasants, hares, rabbits, &c. Rails or beams were used to support deer on hooks, with roof-suspended racks, sometimes on pulleys, for small game. Shelves, possibly of marble, were also used. Another necessary fixture described by Victorian architect Robert Kerr is a dresser topped with slate or marble for meat preparation. A relatively early example

5810-477: The south (left) is an octagonal turret. The projecting wing to the south has been reduced to two storeys. To the north (right) of the entrance porch was the Wellington Wing, now demolished. Parts of the render on the north wing have fallen off, revealing the timber frame to the upper storeys, which has ornamental panelling including roundel designs, and carved quatrefoil and fleur-de-lys motifs to

5893-399: The west of Comber Mere at SJ581442 . Built as a model dairy , it was used as a gamekeeper 's cottage and is now a folly ; the pavilions to each end were formerly used as kennels . It is ornamented with battlements, pinnacles, pilasters, arrowslit windows and fancy brickwork. A sandstone obelisk dated 1890, which commemorates the first Viscount Combermere, stands at SJ576448 on

5976-419: The west range of the monastery, generally considered to represent the Abbot's House. It has a timber frame with a late-medieval false hammerbeam roof , described by de Figueiredo and Treuherz as "extremely fine" and "exceptionally grand." The timbers are decorated with coats of arms , including those of the abbey, and elaborate bosses to the centre of the trusses . Hammerbeam roofs are rare in Cheshire;

6059-573: Was a particularly large holding of pastureland in Macclesfield Forest , given by Ranulf de Blondeville. By the end of the 13th century, Chesthill, Ditchley, Dodcott, Newton, Smeaton, Wilkesley (Heyfields) and Yarlet were also included among its granges. The abbey is known to have been farming sheep by the mid-13th century, earlier than the other major Cheshire monasteries. Combermere was producing six sacks of wool annually, worth 10 1 ⁄ 2 –21 marks per sack, which were being sold at

6142-466: Was assigned to the Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Bath and Wells , Robert Burnell , and the following year it was placed under royal protection for two years. Edward I 's war against Wales of 1282–83 drew heavily on Cheshire and placed additional strain on the monastery; it ran so low on food stores in 1283 that it was exempted from providing supplies for the army and once again removed from

6225-474: Was created Baron Combermere in 1814 (later Viscount Combermere ) and awarded an annual pension of £2,000 for his service during the Napoleonic Wars . Between 1814 and 1821, he faced the house with cement render and added Gothic ornamentation, including castellations and pointed arches surrounding the windows. The rendering was put on timber battens , which were fixed "like stage scenery" to

6308-431: Was dissolved by Layton on 27 July 1538 (1539 in some sources). Combermere then had twelve monks, plus the abbot, an increase on the 14th-century numbers. It held 22,000 acres (89 square kilometres (34 sq mi)) of land in Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire and Derbyshire. Massey received a pension of £50 per annum (which he was still taking in 1563), and the monks also received pensions. In August 1539,

6391-642: Was endowed by Robert Pincerna (also Robert the Butler); it later moved to a site near Leek , Staffordshire, becoming Dieulacres Abbey . Both Combermere and Poulton are mentioned in about 1195 as Cistercian foundations in the area surrounding Chester . Several other daughter houses followed. Stanlow Abbey on the Wirral Peninsula was founded in 1178 by John FitzRichard, Baron of Halton , later moving to Whalley Abbey in Lancashire , and in 1219,

6474-441: Was founded in the 1130s by Hugh Malbank, Baron of Nantwich, and was also associated with Ranulf de Gernons , Earl of Chester . The abbey initially flourished, but by 1275 was sufficiently deeply in debt to be removed from the abbot's management. From that date until its dissolution in 1538, it was frequently in royal custody, and acquired a reputation for poor discipline and violent disputes with both lay people and other abbeys. It

6557-421: Was popular, including Germany and Austria-Hungary . Game larders were usually situated near the kitchen. The usual English design is single storey, sometimes octagonal, and usually of brick or stone construction; ventilation is provided by louvred roof lanterns and louvred or mesh-covered unglazed windows. Some game larders had separate rooms for small and large game. A stone or slate floor helped to cool

6640-581: Was rejected by Cheshire East in April 2012 for having "insufficient public benefit ... to outweigh the harm in terms of new residential development in the Open Countryside." The decision was overturned on appeal in January 2013. Many of the abbey's outbuildings were derelict in the late 20th century. The stables were restored and converted into luxury holiday cottages in 1994–97. Restoration of

6723-452: Was the third largest monastic establishment in Cheshire, based on net income in 1535. After the dissolution it was acquired by Sir George Cotton, who demolished the church and most of the buildings, and converted part of the abbey into a country house. The house was remodelled in 1563 by Sir George's son, Richard Cotton, altered in 1795 by Sir Robert Cotton , and Gothicised in 1814–21 by Stapleton Cotton, Viscount Combermere . It remained in

6806-446: Was twice assaulted, and Fullshurst led two raids on the abbey, murdering the prior, burning buildings, stealing goods and laying ambushes to prevent the abbot's return. The attacks were repeated in 1344, leading to the abbot's ejection, while in 1360, it was the abbot who was accused of retaliating against Sir Robert Fullshurst. In 1365, long-standing tensions with the abbey's daughter house at Whalley escalated into Combermere occupying

6889-541: Was £225 9 s 7 d , after expenses including rent, charitable donations and payments to a steward, an auditor and several bailiffs. This net income placed it as the third wealthiest monastic establishment in Cheshire, after St Werburgh's Abbey in Chester (£1030) and Vale Royal Abbey (£518). Combermere received its visitation from Thomas Cromwell 's commissioners, Richard Layton and Thomas Legh , in February 1536, at which time its debts were assessed at £160. As with

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