32-728: The Kolkata Improvement Trust , initially known as the Calcutta Improvement Trust or simply the C.I.T. , was a statutory body under the Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department of the Government of West Bengal . It was the oldest urban development agency of Kolkata and made significant impact on the city's urban geography and pattern of urban growth. It was merged with the larger Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority in 2017 to increase efficiency and cut costs. The Calcutta Improvement Trust
64-463: A basic level of urban services. (4) Financially self-sustaining agencies for urban governance and service delivery will be established, through reforms to major revenue instruments. (5) Local services and governance will be conducted in a manner that is transparent and accountable to citizens. (6) E-governance applications will be introduced in core functions of ULBs/Parastatal resulting in reduced cost and time of service delivery processes. As per
96-414: A list of the cities/urban agglomerations (UAs) identified to receive the benefits of JNNURM. They include data pertaining to the state they belong to; the population in these cities given in lakhs as per the census of 2001. Note: National Steering Group may choose to add or delete cities/UAs/towns under Category-C (other than state capitals) based on the suggestions received from state governments. However,
128-643: A result, the Kolkata Improvement Trust Act, 1911 and Kolkata Metropolitan Water and Sanitation Act, 1966 were repealed. Hakim had alleged the two organisations had been merged for efficient management and execution and bring them under one umbrella. "CPI(M) used to sell land of KMDA at throwaway prices and the KIT had virtually become defunct." Hakim had said in the assembly. There are 419 staffs and 200 engineers in KIT but they do not practically have any work. They used to come to office, gossip for
160-421: A total investment of over $ 20 billion over seven years. It is named after Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru , the first Prime Minister of India . The aim is to encourage reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities. Focus is to be on efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of ULBs/ Parastatal agencies towards citizens. Motto of
192-667: The 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election . On 18 January 1862, under the Indian Councils Act of 1861 , a 12-member Legislative Council for Bengal was founded by the Governor-General of India with the Lt Governor of Bengal and some nominated members. The strength of this council was gradually increased by subsequent acts. Under the Indian Councils Act of 1892, the maximum strength of
224-431: The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. JNNURM primarily incorporates two sub-missions into its program: In addition to this, it has two further components: The duration of the mission is seven years beginning from December 2005. During this period, the mission sought to ensure sustainable development of participating cities. An evaluation of the experience of implementation of the mission would be undertaken before
256-408: The 90% target for property tax collection, 20 had achieved full operation and maintenance cost recovery for water supply and sanitation, but only 8 had achieved cost recovery for solid waste. As of 2009, 415 projects requiring an investment of ₹ 440 billion (US$ 5.3 billion), equivalent to half the total envisaged program amount, were approved. Among the states, Maharashtra has been sanctioned
288-668: The JNNURM guidelines, only select cities/ Urban Agglomerations (UAs) as per 2001 Census have been chosen for the implementation of the programme as per norms/criteria mentioned below: As of 2012 Gujarat led the tally for the state level reforms, being the only state to have achieved all 10 reforms required by the mission. Five states have achieved 9 out of 10 reforms: Telangana , Andhra Pradesh , Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Orissa and Uttar Pradesh . Public disclosure and community participation laws have initially progressed slowly, with only five states managing to enact them as part of
320-703: The KIT would be merged with the KMC. In 2017, the state government merged the century-old KIT and the Kolkata Metropolitan Water and Sanitation Authority (KMWSA) with the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority(KMDA). This was done by passing the West Bengal Town and Country (Planning and Development) Bill, 2017 by Firhad Hakim , state Urban Development and Municipal Affairs minister. As
352-465: The Mission (1) Preparing City Development Plan: Every city will be expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP) indicating policies, programmes and strategies, and financing plans. (2) Preparing Projects: The CDP would facilitate identification of projects. The Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) / parastatal agencies will be required to prepare Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for undertaking projects in
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#1732801350149384-755: The Mission Motto of the JNNURM are to ensure that the following are achieved in the urban sector: (a) Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities covered under the Mission. (b) Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms for long-term project sustainability. c) Ensuring adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructural services. (d) Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization. (e) Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to
416-752: The Paddapukur locality in Bhawanipore , as well as those well entrenched within the city boundaries such as Maniktala , Entally , Burrabazar , Cossipore , and Paikpara near Chitpur . The Trust engaged the services of Georges-Eugène Haussmann , the town planner who had successfully restructured the city of Paris . Haussmann believed in Euclidean layouts, comprising straight avenues intersecting each other at right angles. This necessitated ploughing through already built-up areas. His other favoured concepts included 'circulation' (i.e. constructing roads for
448-615: The central Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission scheme was also on the cards. Government of West Bengal The Government of West Bengal , also known as the West Bengal Government , is the principal administrative authority of the Indian state of West Bengal , created by the National Constitution as the state's legislative, executive and judicial authority. The Governor acts as
480-643: The central government can vary from 35% in the largest cities to up to 90% in cities in the Northeast. Most cities receive grants covering 50% or 80% of costs depending on size. Capacity building is also included in the mission to assist urban local bodies to prepare strategies and projects. Currently, ten projects are covered by JNNURM funds pertaining to road network, storm water drains, bus rapid transit system, water supply, solid waste management, sewage treatment, river and lake improvement, slum improvement and rehabilitation, all fall under its scope. Strategy of
512-461: The completion of a link road adjoining Subhash Sarobar, extension of the development of Rabindra Sarobar , Subhas Sarobar, residential-cum-commercial complex at Bow Street, taking up renovation of BRS-II at Dum Dum Road and encroached KIT land along Ultadanga Railway Line. Projects such as the construction of road and overbridge connecting Beliaghata Main Road and Kolkata Railway Passengers Terminal under
544-476: The council was increased to 20 members out of which seven members were to be elected. After the Indian Councils Act of 1909, the number raised to 50 members. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ( JNNURM ) was a massive city-modernization scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Urban Development . It envisaged
576-836: The development of a national procurement manual; separation of the approval process for projects in two stages; financial support and capacity development for the implementation of reforms in addition to funding for infrastructure; the use of policies for public-private partnerships and pooled funding mechanisms at the state level, such as urban development funds that exist in Tamil Nadu and Orissa. Share/Loan from Financial Institutions population as per 2001 census than 4 million population as per 2001 census States and Jammu & Kashmir than those mentioned above From sea-shore and other urban areas predominantly facing water scarcity due to brackish water and non-availability of surface source. The following table provides for
608-660: The district of Howrah, adjacent to the state capital. The Calcutta High Court is located in Kolkata, which has jurisdiction over the whole of West Bengal and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands . The present Legislative Assembly of West Bengal is unicameral , consisting of 294 Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Including one nominated from the Anglo-Indian community it
640-690: The end of the Eleventh Five Year Plan in 2012. The duration of the mission was extended by two more years: until 31 March 2014. funds are channeled through state-level agencies, where grants from the central and state governments are pooled and passed on as grants or soft loans to cities provided that they have prepared development strategies and that the investments identified fit within these strategies. The mission emphasises transparency and accountability. It supports public-private partnerships and cost recovery to make service providers financially self-sustaining. The share of grant funding by
672-464: The existing Calcutta Municipal Corporation(CMC) . Development of urban infrastructure through the maintenance and building of lakes, housing, area development, road alignments, rehabilitation projects and commercial complexes was part of the initial program. This also included the preparation of land bank. The areas earmarked for growth included localities on the fringes of the city back then such Tollygunge , Kankurgachi , Phoolbagan , Ultadanga , and
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#1732801350149704-627: The head of state and is the highest nominal authority of the state power, however, it is the Chief Minister who is the chief executive authority and head of government. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Kolkata , the capital of West Bengal , houses the West Bengal Legislative Assembly . The temporary secretariat is located in the Nabanna building in
736-511: The identified spheres. (3) Release and Leveraging of Funds: It is expected that the JNNURM assistance would serve to catalyse the flow of investment into the urban infrastructure sector across the country. Funds from the Central and State Government will flow directly to the nodal agency designated by the State, as grants-in-aid. (4) Incorporating Private Sector Efficiencies: In order to optimise
768-547: The life-cycle costs over the planning horizon, private sector efficiencies can be inducted in development, management, implementation and financing of projects, through Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements. Expected Outcomes (1) Modern and transparent budgeting, accounting, financial management systems, designed and adopted for all urban service and governance functions. (2) City-wide framework for planning and governance will be established and become operational. (3) All urban residents will be able to obtain access to
800-504: The maximum number of projects under the mission. Among cities, Bangalore has had the highest number of approved projects. A midterm appraisal carried out in 2009 by the consulting firm Grant Thornton recommended to establish a single directorate for the ministries in charge of the mission; more involvement of city administrations in the preparation of city development plans that were prepared by consultants; broader stakeholder consultation during environmental and social impact assessments;
832-509: The mission for another two years, i.e., from April 2012 to 31 March 2014. JNNURM was a sizable mission that mostly dealt with urban conglomeration development with an emphasis on Indian cities. JNNURM aims at creating 'economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities' by a strategy of upgrading the social and economic infrastructure in cities, provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) and wide-ranging urban sector reforms to strengthen municipal governance in accordance with
864-433: The movement of people and goods) and 'respiration' (leaving open spaces for the city to breathe). The resulting confection of parks, wide boulevards and so on entailed the destruction of considerable amounts of built up areas. This continued from its early days, through the decades of the colonial period and even after the partition in 1947. In May 2011, The Municipal and Urban Development Minister of Bengal announced that
896-551: The reform agenda as of 2009. However, as of 2012 community participation laws have been enacted by 22 out of 31 states, and public disclosure laws were enacted by 27 states. 20 states had decentralised the responsibility for water supply and sanitation from the state level to ULBs, and 19 had done so for city planning functions. Visakhapatnam , Surat and Pune had the distinction of having accomplished all 8 city level reforms. Chennai , Greater Mumbai and Hyderabad had achieved 7 out of 8 reforms. Out of 67 cities, 30 had achieved
928-410: The urban poor. The scheme was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. It was launched in 2005 for a seven-year period (up to March 2011) to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing phased improvements in their civic service levels. The government had extended the tenure of
960-569: The whole day and got the salary at the end of the month. The Bill will reduce overhead expenditure," he maintained. Some of its recent projects in recent years include: A commercial Complex at Bosepukur, in Kasba as well as the construction of the Kolkata Metropolitan Library Building at Ballygunge Park Road. At the time of merger with KMDA, among the proposed activities on a Public-Private Partnership Model were
992-498: Was 295 before is abolition. Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved. The current chief minister is Mamata Banerjee , who assumed the office on 20 May 2011. She is the founder and leader of the Trinamool Congress party, which won 184 seats (out of 294) in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election , 211 seats (out of 294) in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election and 215 seats (out of 294) in
Kolkata Improvement Trust - Misplaced Pages Continue
1024-568: Was set up in 1911 through the Kolkata Improvement Act, 1911. Following a recommendation from a government appointed commission and public opinion, the trust was created with the purpose of expansion and improvement of Kolkata and its urban surroundings. A brainchild of George Lord Curzon when he served as the Governor-General of India , it was created as a reaction to the growing representation of native Indians in
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